期刊
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
卷 199, 期 8, 页码 961-969出版社
AMER THORACIC SOC
DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201807-1374OC
关键词
COPD; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; epidemiology; rural health; health disparities
资金
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities/NIH [P50MD010431]
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH [F32 ES029786-01, R21ES025840]
- Environmental Protection Agency [R836150]
- NHLBI/NIH [5T32HL007534]
- EPA [909362, R836150] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
Rationale: In developing countries, poor and rural areas have a high burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and environmental pollutants and indoor burning of biomass have been implicated as potential causal exposures. Less is known about the prevalence of COPD in the United States with respect to urban rural distribution, poverty, and factors that uniquely contribute to COPD among never-smokers. Objectives: To understand the impact of urban-rural status, poverty, and other community factors on COPD prevalence nationwide and among never-smokers. Methods: We studied a nationally representative sample of adults in the National Health Interview Survey 2012-2015, with data linkage between neighborhood data from the U.S. Census's American Community Survey and the National Center for Health Statistics Urban Rural Classification Scheme. The main outcome was COPD prevalence. Measurements and Main Results: The prevalence of COPD in poor, rural areas was almost twice that in the overall population (15.4% vs. 8.4%). In adjusted models, rural residence (odds ratio [On 1.23; P < 0.001) and census-level poverty (OR, 1.12; P = 0.012) were both associated with COPD prevalence, as were indicators of household wealth. Among never-smokers, rural residence was also associated with COPD (OR, 1.34; P < 0.001), as was neighborhood use of coal for heating (OR, 1.09; P < 0.001). Conclusions: In a nationally representative sample, rural residence and poverty were risk factors for COPD, even among never smokers. The use of coal for heating was also a risk factor for COPD among never-smokers. Future disparities research to elucidate contributors to COPD development in poor and rural areas, including assessments of heating sources and environmental pollutants, is needed.
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