Inhaled Epoprostenol for Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment in Neonates: A 12-Year Experience

Background Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs in 10% of neonatal respiratory insufficiency. To selectively reduce pulmonary vascular resistance, several treatments have been tried. Inhaled epoprostenol (iPGI (2) ) has been used for 12 years in our institution for the management of refractory PPHN despite the gaps in the literature to support this use. Objectives The primary objective was to evaluate the efficacy of iPGI (2) for PPHN. The secondary objectives were to describe its use in neonates and assess side effects. Study Design This retrospective cohort study included infants < 28 days with PPHN treated with iPGI (2) in the neonatal or pediatric intensive care units of our institution between 2004 and 2016. Results We reviewed 43 patient' care episodes (mean gestational age of 36 weeks). This was an extremely ill population with 54% mortality rate. Oxygenation index improved significantly after 12-hour treatment ( p = 0.047), with a rebound effect when discontinuing nebulization. By the end of the therapy, the fraction of inspired oxygen had significantly dropped ( p = 0.0018). Echocardiographic markers tended to normalize during treatment. No potential side effects were reported. Conclusion In these sick newborns, we observed an improvement in PPHN under iPGI (2) without significant adverse effects. To our knowledge, this is the largest neonatal cohort reported to have received iPGI (2) for PPHN.