Review
Immunology
Ksenia V. Zornikova, Saveliy A. Sheetikov, Alexander Yu Rusinov, Rustam N. Iskhakov, Apollinariya V. Bogolyubova
Summary: The T cell response is crucial for controlling and clearing SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there are still important questions regarding the role of cellular immunity in COVID-19, such as the characteristics of disease-specific T cell repertoires in convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals, and how T cell responses to other pathogens, particularly common cold coronaviruses, affect susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease progression. This review focuses on the shaping of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires by natural infection and vaccination, cross-reactive T cell responses, and the implications of TCR repertoire diversity and cross-reactivity for the development of vaccines that can provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Bao, Zihan Geng, Juan Wang, Liyi He, Aijuan Kang, Jianshi Song, Xiaoyan Huang, Yaling Zhang, Qingping Liu, Tao Jiang, Yaxian Pang, Yujie Niu, Rong Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms by which silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) interact with T cells and affect their functions in the context of pulmonary fibrosis. The results showed that SiNPs could interfere with T cell activation by macrophage presentation via the LCK/Zap70 pathway and rearrange the TCR beta repertoire, leading to disruption of adaptive immunity and the pulmonary microenvironment.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carolin T. Turner, James Brown, Emily Shaw, Imran Uddin, Evdokia Tsaliki, Jennifer K. Roe, Gabriele Pollara, Yuxin Sun, James M. Heather, Marc Lipman, Benny Chain, Mahdad Noursadeghi
Summary: In people living with HIV on long term anti-retroviral therapy, the diversity of T cell receptor repertoires remains significantly depleted, skewed by idiosyncratic clones, and associated with persistent T cell activation. Further investigation on thymic function and antigenic drivers of T cell clonal selection in PLHIV are crucial for restoring normal immune function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Lisa Ann Gerdes, Beatrice Pignolet, Rachel Gittelman, Patrick Ostkamp, Florian Rubelt, Catarina Raposo, Bjoern Tackenberg, Marianne Riepenhausen, Claudia Janoschka, Christian Wuensch, Florence Bucciarelli, Andrea Flierl-Hecht, Eduardo Beltran, Tania Kuempfel, Katja Anslinger, Catharina C. Gross, Heidi Chapman, Ian Kaplan, David Brassat, Hartmut Wekerle, Martin Kerschensteiner, Luisa Klotz, Jan D. Luenemann, Reinhard Hohlfeld, Roland Liblau, Heinz Wiendl, Nicholas Schwab
Summary: The EBV-specific T cell receptor repertoire is broader in multiple sclerosis patients, indicating an ongoing immune response to Epstein-Barr virus, which might provide clues for multiple sclerosis pathogenesis and future therapeutic approaches.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Rami Bechara, Alexia Feray, Marc Pallardy
Summary: Allergic reactions to drugs and chemicals are mediated by specific T cells and it is unclear whether there is a common occurrence of thymic selection of drug/chemical-specific T cells. Recent observations suggest that T-cell receptor recognition of hapten-modified peptides may play a crucial role in drug/chemical allergy. This understanding could lead to efficient strategies for allergy diagnosis and predicting the immunogenic potential of new chemicals.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mahima Arunkumar, Christina E. Zielinski
Summary: In recent years, there has been rapid growth in the application of information technology to biological data, especially in the field of immunology, resulting in significant advances. T-cell receptor repertoire analysis requires highly sophisticated bioinformatics tools, which have recently emerged for various aspects of immunological research, posing a challenge for researchers in choosing the right approach.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xueying Li, Anqi Zheng, Jiabang Liu, Mengfen Shi, Baolin Liao, Shi Xie, Rong Yan, Yifan Gan, Xuan Zuo, Mingxing Gong, Hongkai Wu, Zhanhui Wang
Summary: Challenges still exist in assessing HBV-specific T cell immunity in chronic hepatitis B patients, including the need for large quantities of cells. In this study, a dataset of HBV-specific T cell receptor beta chains (TCR beta s) was established using public databases and samples from acute hepatitis B patients. Analysis of the potential HBV-specific TCR beta s from chronic hepatitis B patients showed that individuals with better therapy response may rely more on newly emerging TCR beta s. Furthermore, the characteristics of potential HBV-specific clusters were found to differ between chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma patients in a cross-sectional study. Our strategy provides a convenient method for assessing HBV-specific T cell immunity using a small blood sample.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Guangyao Tian, Mingqian Li, Guoyue Lv
Summary: This article reviews the recent advances in TCR sequencing techniques and computational tools, as well as the recent discovery in overall TCR profile and antigen-specific T cells tracking in transplantation. The challenges and potential of using TCR sequencing-based assays to profile alloreactive TCR repertoire as the fingerprint for immune monitoring and prediction of rejection and tolerance are further discussed.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sabrina Giampaolo, Cristina M. Chiarolla, Konrad Knoepper, Martin Vaeth, Matthias Klein, Azeem Muhammad, Tobias Bopp, Friederike Berberich-Siebelt, Amiya K. Patra, Edgar Serfling, Stefan Klein-Hessling
Summary: In the thymus, the deletion of NFATc1 or its inducible isoforms during the DN stages of thymocyte development leads to an increase in gamma delta thymocytes while alpha beta thymocytes are mostly unaffected. These gamma delta thymocytes upregulate PLZF, the master regulator of NKT cell development, acquiring an NKT gamma delta cell phenotype with higher survival rates. The enhancer E2 is crucial for NFATc1's suppressive function in NKT gamma delta cell formation, translating a strong gamma delta TCR signal into inducible expression of NFATc1 isoforms to control the numbers of NKT gamma delta cells.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wei Zhang, Qian Zhang, Chao Zhu, Zhiyuan Shi, Chen Shao, Yujie Chen, Nan Wang, Yanxia Jiang, Qing Liang, Kejia Wang
Summary: This study revealed diminished T-cell infiltration and increased T-cell receptor immune repertoire diversity in clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC). Furthermore, Vimentin expression in ccRCC tissue was positively correlated with the presence of positive T-cell markers. The immune repertoire sequencing results showed increased diversity in the T-cell receptor repertoire in ccRCC.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Julia Lang-Meli, Hendrik Luxenburger, Katharina Wild, Vivien Karl, Valerie Oberhardt, Elahe Salimi Alizei, Anne Graeser, Matthias Reinscheid, Natascha Roehlen, David B. Reeg, Sebastian Giese, Kevin Ciminski, Veronika Goetz, Dietrich August, Siegbert Rieg, Cornelius F. Waller, Tobias Wengenmayer, Dawid Staudacher, Daniela Huzly, Bertram Bengsch, Georg Kochs, Martin Schwemmle, Florian Emmerich, Tobias Boettler, Robert Thimme, Maike Hofmann, Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
Summary: The study found that T cells predominantly targeted non-spike epitopes in convalescent individuals, while there was a broader spike-specific T-cell response in vaccinees. The spike-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses play a crucial role in combating variant viruses.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Winnie Yao, Ansuman T. Satpathy
Summary: Transient depletion of CD4(+) T cells in patients with gastrointestinal cancer induces remodeling of the T-cell repertoire, including clonal replacement and expansion of CD8(+) T-cell clones shared between the blood and tumor, deepening our understanding of tumor-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Annaliese Clauze, Yoshimi Enose-Akahata, Steven Jacobson
Summary: This article reviews the research on T cell receptor repertoires and HTLV-1-specific clonotypes in HTLV-1-associated diseases ATL and HAM/TSP and discusses the implications of TCR clonal expansions on the progression and treatment of HTLV-1-associated diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mengyan Li, Scott J. Garforth, Kaitlyn E. O'Connor, Hang Su, Danica M. Lee, Alev Celikgil, Rodolfo J. Chaparro, Ronald D. Seidel, R. Brad Jones, Ravit Arav-Boger, Steven C. Almo, Harris Goldstein
Summary: In this study, synTacs were used to expand highly functional HIV- and CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells, which showed potent antiviral activities in vivo. The results suggest that synTac-based approaches could be a promising therapeutic strategy for HIV cure and treatment of CMV and other viral infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer Massey, Katherine Jackson, Mandeep Singh, Brendan Hughes, Barbara Withers, Carole Ford, Melissa Khoo, Kevin Hendrawan, John Zaunders, Benedicte Charmeteau-De Muylder, Remi Cheynier, Fabio Luciani, David Ma, John Moore, Ian Sutton
Summary: This study investigates T cell reconstitution in highly active MS patients for 36 months after AHSCT. The results show that AHSCT induces significant changes in the dominant T cell clones of CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells. After lymphopenia-induced homeostatic proliferation, clonal attrition occurs. Recovery of thymically-derived CD4 naive T cell repertoire begins at 12 months and continues, but the diversity of the naive populations does not increase compared to baseline, indicating that the principal mechanism for durable remission from MS after AHSCT relates to depletion of putative auto-reactive clones.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)