Review
Biology
Joao Pedro Thimotheo Batista, Andre Oliveira Vilela de Faria, Thomas Felipe Silva Ribeiro, Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva
Summary: Diabetic cardiomyopathy is characterized by myocardial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes patients without traditional cardiovascular risk factors or overt clinical atherosclerosis and valvular disease. The activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, maladaptive immune responses, imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics, impaired myocyte autophagy, increased myocyte apoptosis, and fibrosis all contribute to the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Research has shown that the RAS plays a crucial role in this condition, with over-activation of the classical RAS axis leading to increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cardiac remodeling, while angiotensin-(1-7) has a protective effect. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to improve heart functioning and reduce the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Anuson Poasakate, Putcharawipa Maneesai, Prapassorn Potue, Sarawoot Bunbupha, Terdthai Tong-Un, Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida, Juthamas Khamseekaew, Poungrat Pakdeechote
Summary: Genistein can reduce blood pressure and improve vascular and kidney dysfunction in hypertensive rats. It acts through modulation of multiple signaling pathways to attenuate renal atrophy and hypertrophy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aysu Kilic, Savas Ustunova, Huri Bulut, Ismail Meral
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal and/or postnatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin system components in the brain and kidney tissues of male and female rats. The study found that exposure to 900 MHz EMF led to increased inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as higher expression of renin-angiotensin system components in both male and female brain and kidney tissues. These findings suggest that the activation of the renin-angiotensin system may be related to the inflammation and oxidative stress observed in the offspring.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuyuki Hirooka, Yoshiaki Kiuchi
Summary: Aldosterone plays important roles in hypertension, cardiovascular and renal diseases, and recently it has been found to also have effects within the human eye. Research has shown that retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury leads to an increase in angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) protein levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production mediated by NADPH oxidase pathway in the retina. This injury-induced pathway can be prevented by AT1-R antagonist administration. Additionally, aldosterone administration can cause retinal ganglion cell loss and glaucomatous optic nerve degeneration without elevated intraocular pressure. Understanding the pathogenesis of glaucoma, especially normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), using animal models can help in identifying potential therapeutic targets.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli, Serkan Sayiner, Ugochukwu Chukwunyere, Nedime Serakinci
Summary: The utilization of oxygen in cells leads to the generation of free radicals, contributing to aging and age-related diseases. Angiotensin II activates the oxidative pathway, causing DNA damage and production of reactive oxygen species, while melatonin may relieve induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rajesh Choudhary, Jaya Shree, Amrita Singh, Surendra H. Bodakhe
Summary: The study evaluated the role of the renin-angiotensin system in angiotensin-II-induced cataract formation in hypertensive rats, finding that olmesartan administered orally or topically significantly reduced cataract progression and restored antioxidants and protein contents in the lenses. The results suggest that the ocular RAS exacerbates lenticular oxidative stress, playing an independent and important role in cataract formation under hypertensive conditions.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ya-Hui Chang, Wan-Hsuan Chen, Chung-Hao Su, Hong-Ren Yu, You-Lin Tain, Li-Tung Huang, Jiunn-Ming Sheen
Summary: Hypertension is a common public health challenge globally. This study found that maternal low-iron diet during pregnancy and lactation resulted in increased blood pressure and abnormalities in the renal renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and sodium transporters in adult male offspring. Improving the iron status of pregnant mothers could influence the development of hypertension in their offspring.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Caglar Cosarderelioglu, Lolita S. Nidadavolu, Claudene J. George, Ruth Marx-Rattner, Laura Powell, Qian-Li Xue, Jing Tian, Joy Salib, Esther S. Oh, Luigi Ferrucci, Pervin Dincer, David A. Bennett, Jeremy D. Walston, Peter M. Abadir
Summary: Aging is a key risk factor in the development and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. This study identifies changes in AT(1)R in the brains of AD patients, which are associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, lower cognitive performance, and higher levels of amyloid-beta and tangle pathologies.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Annamaria Mascolo, Cristina Scavone, Concetta Rafaniello, Antonella De Angelis, Konrad Urbanek, Gabriella di Mauro, Donato Cappetta, Liberato Berrino, Francesco Rossi, Annalisa Capuano
Summary: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is now recognized as a local tissue system that affects organ function and can contribute to the onset of diseases. It operates in both the heart and lungs, with classic and non-classic pathways having different effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary health.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Putcharawipa Maneesai, Nisita Chaihongsa, Metee Iampanichakul, Sariya Meephat, Patoomporn Prasatthong, Sarawoot Bunbupha, Chutamas Wunpathe, Poungrat Pakdeechote
Summary: The study showed that the extract of Clitoria ternatea had antihypertensive effects in rats with improved vascular function and cardiac hypertrophy, possibly by suppressing the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and the AT(1)R/TGF-beta 1 cascade.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Metee Iampanichakul, Prapassorn Potue, Siwayu Rattanakanokchai, Putcharawipa Maneesai, Juthamas Khamseekaew, Wannapa Settheetham-Ishida, Poungrat Pakdeechote
Summary: This study found that limonin has a beneficial effect on cardiovascular abnormalities in nitric oxide-deficient rats. Limonin can reduce hypertension, improve cardiovascular function, and remodel cardiac tissue. The mechanism of action involves the modulation of proteins related to the renin-angiotensin system, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Salnikova, Varvara Orekhova, Andrey Grechko, Antonina Starodubova, Evgeny Bezsonov, Tatyana Popkova, Alexander Orekhov
Summary: Altered mitochondrial function plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, leading to changes in cellular metabolism, respiration, and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with vascular disease and chronic inflammation, and targeted approaches to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation show promise in atherosclerosis treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Verdiana Ravarotto, Giovanni Bertoldi, Georgie Innico, Laura Gobbi, Lorenzo A. Calo
Summary: Excessive activation of the renin-angiotensin system in kidney disease leads to alteration of intracellular pathways, ultimately inducing cardiovascular and renal remodeling, exposing patients to chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease from the onset. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology, with long-term consequences on disease progression and complications. Therapeutic targets based on experimental evidence may offer potential solutions.
Review
Neurosciences
Naif H. Ali, Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Ali K. Albuhadily, Rabab S. Hamad, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology of depression and the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in it. It is found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in the treatment of depression. By regulating serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, these drugs can ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aloia Quijano, Carmen Diaz-Ruiz, Andrea Lopez-Lopez, Begona Villar-Cheda, Ana Munoz, Ana I. Rodriguez-Perez, Jose L. Labandeira-Garcia
Summary: The activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the substantia nigra is upregulated by aging and dopaminergic degeneration, possibly related to a decrease in dopamine levels, which is mediated by the AngII/AT1 axis.