Article
Immunology
Anita J. Campbell, Laila S. Al Yazidi, Linny K. Phuong, Clare Leung, Emma J. Best, Rachel H. Webb, Lesley Voss, Eugene Athan, Philip N. Britton, Penelope A. Bryant, Coen T. Butters, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Natasha S. Ching, Geoffrey W. Coombs, Denise Daley, Joshua Francis, Te-Yu Hung, Shakeel Mowlaboccus, Clare Nourse, Samar Ojaimi, Alex Tai, Nan Vasilunas, Brendan McMullan, Christopher C. Blyth, Asha C. Bowen
Summary: The ISAIAH study in Australia and New Zealand identified a high incidence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children hospitalized, with necrotizing pneumonia and multifocal infection being predictors of mortality for the first time in a pediatric setting. Consultation with infectious diseases specialists was found to be protective, highlighting the need to reevaluate pediatric vancomycin trough targets and limit unnecessary empiric vancomycin exposure to reduce poor outcomes and nephrotoxicity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Daniel J. Minter, Ayesha Appa, Henry F. Chambers, Sarah B. Doernberg
Summary: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and management of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, with a special focus on areas where the highest level of evidence is lacking to inform best practices.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ahmad Mourad, Thomas L. Holland, Nicholas A. Turner
Summary: This commentary reflects on the impact of clopidogrel use on clinical outcomes in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, as analyzed in a recent study.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Heather W. Dolby, Sarah A. Clifford, Ian F. Laurenson, Vance G. Fowler, Clark D. Russell
Summary: This study systematically evaluated randomized-controlled trials for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and found heterogeneity in cohort characteristics and reporting, introduction of selection bias through exclusion criteria, and difficulties in meta-analysis due to differences in outcome definitions, which complicate the interpretation and application of the results.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julia Grapsa, Christopher Blauth, Y. S. Chandrashekhar, Bernard Prendergast, Blair Erb, Michael Mack, Valentin Fuster
Summary: This paper presents a clinical case of Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis in a 19-year-old female patient and discusses the current evidence on the management and treatment of the disease.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Joshua. B. Parsons, Annette. C. Westgeest, Brian. P. B. Conlon, Vance. G. Fowler
Summary: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a deadly pathogen that can persist in the bloodstream for days despite appropriate antibiotics. Persistent MRSA bacteremia is common and associated with poor clinical outcomes. This review explores the factors related to host-pathogen interaction and discusses the clinical relevance of each element. Treatment options and diagnostic approaches for managing persistent MRSA bacteremia are also discussed.
Article
Immunology
Maria Suarez-Bustamante Huelamo, Jose Antonio Alonso-Cadenas, Borja Gomez Cortes, Iker Gangoiti Goikoetxea, Susanna Hernandez-Bou, Mercedes de la Torre Espi
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus has become the leading cause of bacteremia among healthy children older than 5 years. This study found that children with S. aureus bacteremia are usually previously healthy and present with an associated focal infection. Predictors of poor outcome included the presence of risk factors for SAB, abnormal pediatric assessment triangle, elevated procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein, with the latter being the only independent predictor.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Oscar Negron, Miranda Weggeman, Jos Grimbergen, Emily G. Clark, Sara Abrahams, Woosuk S. Hur, Jaap Koopman, Matthew J. Flick
Summary: This study found that changing the ratio of naturally occurring fibrinogen variants in blood could offer significant therapeutic potential against bacterial infection and potentially other diseases.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Matthew P. Cheng, Alexander Lawandi, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Samuel De L'Etoile-Morel, Katryn Paquette, Todd C. Lee
Summary: The study aimed to determine the efficacy of synergistic treatment with daptomycin when given with either cefazolin or cloxacillin for the treatment of MSSA BSI. Results showed that adjunctive daptomycin therapy did not shorten the duration of bacteremia when added to standard-of-care treatment for MSSA BSIs, and should not be routinely considered.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anthony D. Bai, Carson K. L. Lo, Adam S. Komorowski, Mallika Suresh, Kevin Guo, Akhil Garg, Pranav Tandon, Julien Senecal, Olivier Del Corpo, Isabella Stefanova, Clare Fogarty, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Emily G. McDonald, Matthew P. Cheng, Andrew M. Morris, Mark Loeb, Todd C. Lee
Summary: In the case of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, mortality rates in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are consistently lower than in observational studies, likely due to the stringent eligibility criteria and exclusion of early deaths in RCTs. Clinicians should consider the potential for lower treatment efficacy when applying RCT results to bedside care.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Thomas W. van der Vaart, Jan M. Prins, Robin Soetekouw, Gitte van Twillert, Jan Veenstra, Bjorn L. Herpers, Wouter Rozemeijer, Rogier R. Jansen, Marc J. M. Bonten, Jan T. M. van der Meer
Summary: In patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia, the VIRSTA score can effectively rule out endocarditis, but it may result in more patients being classified as high risk and requiring transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The accuracy of the POSITIVE and PREDICT scores needs adjustment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Erin E. Zwack, Ze Chen, Joseph C. Devlin, Zhi Li, Xuhui Zheng, Ada Weinstock, Keenan A. Lacey, Edward A. Fisher, David Fenyo, Kelly V. Ruggles, P'ng Loke, Victor J. Torres
Summary: Infection with Staphylococcus aureus weakens the transcriptional response and downregulates genes related to innate immune response and cytokine signaling, leading to impaired neutrophil recruitment. This transcriptional suppression is conserved across different S. aureus clones and is absent in blood exposed to heat-killed S. aureus or infected with less virulent Staphylococcus epidermidis. The master regulator S. aureus exoprotein expression and its regulated pore-forming toxins are key mediators of this transcriptional suppression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kengo Inagaki, Md Abu Yusuf Ansari, Charlotte Hobbs
Summary: The study found a high readmission rate for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children, especially in cases related to catheter infections. Hospitalization and readmission for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children incur high costs.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Seong-Ho Choi, Michael Dagher, Felicia Ruffin, Lawrence P. Park, Batu K. Sharma-Kuinkel, Maria Souli, Alison M. Morse, Emily M. Eichenberger, Lauren Hale, Celia Kohler, Bobby Warren, Brenda Hansen, Felix Mba Medie, Lauren M. McIntyre, Vance G. Fowler
Summary: This study identified several risk factors for R-SAB, with the highest risk observed among black hemodialysis patients. Higher levels of RANTES in R-SAB compared to matched controls suggest a need for further investigation.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Helio S. Sader, Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, Rodrigo E. Mendes
Summary: The study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of Ceftaroline against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with infective endocarditis. Ceftaroline demonstrated potent in vitro activity against a large collection of S. aureus isolates recovered from patients with bloodstream infections, including IE. Ceftaroline susceptibility rates were higher in North America and LATAM-APAC compared to Europe.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Daniel E. Lindholm, Ida J. Whiteman, Jane Oliver, Michael M. H. Cheung, Sarah A. Hope, Christian P. Brizard, Ari E. Horton, Bennett Sheridan, Myra Hardy, Joshua Osowicki, Andrew C. Steer, Daniel Engelman
Summary: This study aimed to describe the epidemiology and clinical profile of children and adolescents with acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Victoria, Australia. The results showed that ARF and RHD continue to affect the health of significant numbers of children and adolescents living in Victoria, including severe and recurrent disease. Specialised services and a register-based control program may help to prevent complications and premature death.
JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRICS AND CHILD HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Dermatology
Bernadette M. Ricciardo, Heather-Lynn Kessaris, Prasad Kumarasinghe, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Asha C. Bowen
Summary: Urban-living Indigenous children and young people in high-income countries bear a significant burden of atopic dermatitis (AD) and bacterial skin infections (BSI), which are more severe compared to their non-Indigenous peers.
PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Infectious Diseases
Podjanee Jittamala, Wuelton Monteiro, Menno R. Smit, Belen Pedrique, Sabine Specht, Carlos J. Chaccour, Celine Dard, Pascal Del Giudice, Virak Khieu, Annabel Maruani, Virgilio E. Failoc-Rojas, Marimar Saez-de-Ocariz, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Jaime Piquero-Casals, Anne Faisant, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, David Wimmersberger, Jean T. Coulibaly, Jennifer Keiser, Franck Boralevi, Oliver Sokana, Michael Marks, Daniel Engelman, Lucia Romani, Andrew C. Steer, Lorenz von Seidlein, Nicholas J. White, Eli Harriss, Kasia Stepniewska, Georgina S. Humphreys, Kalynn Kennon, Philippe J. Guerin, Kevin C. Kobylinski
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremy Clark, Steven Y. C. Tong
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Steven Mascaro, Yue L. Wu, Owen Woodberry, Erik Nyberg, Ross Pearson, Jessica Ramsay, Ariel Mace, David Foley, Thomas Snelling, Ann Nicholson
Summary: COVID-19 is a new and severe disease with uncertain pathophysiological mechanisms. This study developed causal models of COVID-19 pathophysiology using Bayesian network models and directed acyclic graphs. Expert elicitation was used to obtain input from experts, resulting in the first published causal models of COVID-19 pathophysiology.
BMC MEDICAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Annette C. Westgeest, David T. P. Buis, Kim C. E. Sigaloff, Felicia Ruffin, Leo G. Visser, Yunsong Yu, Emile F. Schippers, Merel M. C. Lambregts, Steven Y. C. Tong, Mark G. J. de Boer, Vance G. Fowler
Summary: This survey-based study reveals significant practice variations for Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia worldwide, indicating the lack of standardized treatment practices.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie Enkel, Joseph Kado, Thel Hla, Sam R. Salman, Julie Bennett, Anneka Anderson, Jonathan Carapetis, Laurens Manning
Summary: This study described the experience of healthy volunteers participating in a clinical trial of high-dose subcutaneous infusions of benzathine penicillin G. Participants tolerated the infusion well and were able to describe their experiences. These results will provide important information for future research.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tom Parks, Litia Narube, Mai Ling Perman, Kelera Sakumeni, James J. Fong, Daniel Engelman, Samantha M. Colquhoun, Andrew C. Steer, Joseph Kado
Summary: This study revealed the rates of non-fatal complications of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Fiji, indicating a high hospitalization rate for RHD complications. Additionally, the study found that the incidence of RHD complications is higher in women than in men and hospitalization for RHD complications is associated with a significantly increased risk of death, highlighting the importance of early prevention.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jennifer M. O'Hern, Adrian K. Koenen, Sonja E. Janson, Krispin W. Hajkowicz, Iain Robertson, Sarah S. Kidd, Robert Baird, Steven Y. C. J. Tong, Joshua P. Davis, Phillip Carson, Bart Currie, Anna Ralph
Summary: This study evaluated the epidemiology, management, and predictors of outcome of Cryptococcus gattii infections in Australia's Northern Territory from 1996 to 2018. The majority of the infected individuals were Aboriginal Australians. The mortality rate within 12 months of diagnosis was 20%, and survivors often experienced residual disability. Early treatment, uninterrupted induction therapy, and absence of end-stage kidney disease were associated with lower mortality rates. Surgical intervention for pulmonary infections was found to increase the likelihood of cure. Overall, treatment outcomes for C. gattii infections have significantly improved over the past two decades.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Susanna Lake, Daniel H. Engelman, Julie Zinihite, Oliver Sokana, Dickson C. Boara, Titus Nasi, Christina Gorae, Millicent J. Osti, Sophie Phelan, Matthew Parnaby, Anneke C. Grobler, Tibor M. Schuster, Ross M. Andrews, Margot Whitfeld, Michael M. Marks, Lucia Romani, Andrew M. Steer, John Kaldor
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a single-dose ivermectin-based mass drug administration (MDA) on scabies prevalence. In the Solomon Islands, 20 villages were randomly assigned to receive either one or two doses of ivermectin-based MDA. Results showed that the effectiveness of the single-dose ivermectin was inferior to the two-dose regimen in reducing scabies prevalence at 21 months.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Janessa Pickering, Claudia Sampson, Marianne Mullane, Meru Sheel, Dylan D. Barth, Mary Lane, Roz Walker, David Atkinson, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Asha C. Bowen
Summary: This pilot study aimed to trial tools for concurrent surveillance of sore throats and skin sores, and to develop a sore throat checklist and pharynx photography for contemporary studies of rheumatic fever (RF) pathogenesis. Aboriginal caregivers participated in yarning circle conversations and interviews to develop a culturally appropriate sore throat checklist. The surveillance study showed feasibility, practicality, and acceptability of the tools used, and enabled determination of the burden of superficial Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in communities at high risk of RF.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jake A. Lacey, Adrian J. Marcato, Rebecca H. Chisholm, Patricia Campbell, Cameron Zachreson, David J. Price, Taylah B. James, Jacqueline M. Morris, Claire L. Gorrie, Malcolm McDonald, Asha C. Bowen, Philip M. Giffard, Deborah C. Holt, Bart J. Currie, Jonathan R. Carapetis, Ross M. Andrews, Mark R. Davies, Nicholas Geard, Jodie McVernon, Steven Y. C. Tong
Summary: The study found that in Aboriginal communities in Australia, impetigo and asymptomatic throat carriage are important contributors to the transmission of Streptococcus pyogenes. The transmission of GAS differs between households and within households, with different durations of infection. Increased household size and the presence of GAS and scabies in the community are associated with slower clearance of GAS.
Editorial Material
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Isabelle Malhame, Erica Hardy, Matthew P. Cheng, Steven Y. C. Tong, Asha C. Bowen
OBSTETRIC MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Ouli Xie, Steven Y. C. Tong
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
A. J. Leach, N. Wilson, B. Arrowsmith, J. Beissbarth, E. K. Mulholland, M. Santosham, P. J. Torzillo, P. Mcintyre, H. Smith-Vaughan, S. A. Skull, V. M. Oguoma, M. Chatfield, D. Lehmann, M. J. Binks, P. V. Licciardi, R. Andrews, T. Snelling, V. Krause, J. Carapetis, A. B. Chang, P. S. Morris
Summary: The aim of this trial is to prevent early childhood persisting otitis media (OM), associated hearing loss, and developmental delay in remote communities of northern Australia. The study found that despite optimal pneumococcal immunisation, there is a high prevalence of OM throughout early childhood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)