Article
Clinical Neurology
Jun Wang, Ming Chen, Colin L. L. Masters, Yan-Jiang Wang
Summary: Early and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is crucial for effective treatment. Blood biomarker assays are a promising tool for clinical diagnosis due to their non-invasive nature, cost-effectiveness, and accessibility. However, challenges in using blood biomarkers for AD diagnosis in community-based populations include confounding factors, small changes in biomarker levels, and difficulty in detecting early changes. This article analyzes these challenges and provides perspectives on strategies to overcome them, facilitating the translation of blood biomarker research into clinical practice.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fana Alemseged, Thanh N. Nguyen, Shelagh B. Coutts, Charlotte Cordonnier, Wouter J. Schonewille, Bruce C. Campbell
Summary: Recent studies have shown that endovascular thrombectomy is beneficial in reducing disability and mortality in patients with basilar artery occlusion, especially in those with moderate-to-severe symptoms. Future research should focus on the potential benefits of thrombectomy in patients with mild symptoms, the use of intravenous thrombolysis in an extended time window, and the optimal technique for thrombectomy.
Article
Rheumatology
Anne Barton, Meghna Jani, Christine Bundy, James Bluett, Stephen McDonald, Brian Keevil, Faraz Dastagir, Melissa Aris, Ian Bruce, Pauline Ho, Eoghan McCarthy, Ellen Bruce, Ben Parker, Kimme Hyrich, Rachel Gorodkin
Summary: This study successfully reduced self-reported non-adherence to MTX from 24.7% to 7.4% through a series of interventions. Key factors for improvement included motivational interviewing and consistency in information delivery.
Review
Cell Biology
Friedrich Alexander Von Samson-Himmelstjerna, Benedikt Kolbrink, Theresa Riebeling, Ulrich Kunzendorf, Stefan Krautwald
Summary: Ten years after its discovery, ferroptosis has become the most extensively studied form of regulated cell death besides apoptosis. Its molecular features and functional role have been characterized in vitro and in animal studies. It has been found that ferroptosis can have detrimental or occasionally beneficial effects on the organism depending on the context. Therapeutic approaches to either inhibit ferroptosis in order to limit organ damage or induce ferroptosis in cancer cells for anti-tumor strategies are being explored. However, the journey from basic science to clinical utility has been challenging.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sonmoon Mohapatra, Somashekar G. G. Krishna, Rahul Pannala
Summary: The increasing use of cross-sectional imaging and an aging population has led to pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) becoming the most detected incidental pancreatic lesions. Accurate diagnosis and risk stratification of PCLs are challenging due to variations in guidelines and recommendations. This article reviews major guidelines, comparative studies, and provides perspectives on translating guidelines into clinical practice.
Review
Oncology
Laura Bonanno, Ilaria Attili, Alberto Pavan, Matteo Sepulcri, Giulia Pasello, Federico Rea, Valentina Guarneri, PierFranco Conte
Summary: Treatment options for elderly LA-NSCLC patients are limited by age and health conditions, with a lack of clinical trial data and controversies surrounding the use of multimodal treatment.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Oliver Marsden, Philippa Clery, Stuart D'Arch Smith, Kathleen Leedham-Green
Summary: The healthcare sector is a major contributor to climate change and there are international calls for more sustainable forms of clinical care. The UK healthcare sector has committed to net zero carbon by 2040 and sustainable healthcare is a mandated outcome for all UK graduating doctors. Bristol Medical School piloted the Sustainability in Quality Improvement (SusQI) workshop and identified challenges in translating classroom learning into clinical practice. The study conducted focus groups to identify barriers and facilitators to practice among medical students, and generated educational recommendations based on the findings and behavior change theory. Students who applied their learning to the clinical workplace were internally motivated and self-determined, but needed time and opportunity to complete projects. Other students were cautious of disrupting established hierarchies and frustrated by institutional inertia, impacting their confidence in suggesting or achieving change. Conclusions include recommendations for wider curricular engagement with sustainable clinical practice, workplace enablement strategies, and structured opportunities for project work.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lucas Leite Cunha, Laura Sterian Ward
Summary: Thyroid cancer provides a valuable model for studying tumor immune microenvironment due to its immune response characteristics. The cellular composition of the microenvironment is associated with the clinical aggressiveness of the cancer, and genetic signatures can be used to develop prognostic models. Immunotherapy shows promise as a treatment strategy, especially for advanced thyroid cancer, but further research is needed to improve its effectiveness.
ENDOCRINE-RELATED CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Veronica Davalos, Manel Esteller
Summary: Cancer development is caused by changes in the structure and function of the genome. Epigenetic alterations regulate gene expression programs that promote tumorigenesis and can be used as useful tools in clinical decision making. Unlike genetic changes, epigenetic modifications can be reversed, making them an attractive target for drug development.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Martha Sola-Visner, Kristen T. Leeman, Simon J. Stanworth
Summary: Platelet transfusions are commonly used to treat thrombocytopenia, but their safety and effectiveness are limited. Most research has been conducted in adult patients, with limited data available for neonates. Existing randomized trials in neonates have shown evidence of harm. Further research is needed to determine effective implementation strategies.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Chuanxiu Zeng, Mengchao Wang, Shuqi Xie, Na Wang, Zhen Wang, Dan Yi, Fanming Kong, Liwei Chen
Summary: Colorectal cancer, especially with BRAF V600E mutation, poses a serious threat to human health. Precision therapy, including molecularly targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, has improved the outcome of colorectal cancer. However, there is still a need for more rational and effective drug combination regimens to provide longer survival for patients with genetic mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This article reviews the progress of clinical research on targeted drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, first-line chemotherapeutic agents, and different combination therapy regimens for colorectal cancer patients with BRAF V600E mutation, providing a reference for further treatment exploration.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Carlos Eduardo Bonilla, Paola Montenegro, Juan Manuel O'Connor, Ovidio Hernando-Requejo, Enrique Aranda, Jose Pinto Llerena, Alejandra Llontop, Jorge Gallardo Escobar, Maria del Consuelo Diaz Romero, Yicel Bautista Hernandez, Begona Grana Suarez, Emilio J. Batagelj, Ahmad Wali Mushtaq, Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
Summary: Advances in molecular techniques have significantly improved the management of colorectal cancer. These techniques allow for the identification of markers in tumors and the use of specific treatments. However, the rapidly evolving research in this field renders previous information quickly obsolete. In addition, the large amount of information generated by these techniques poses challenges in interpretation.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Axel Dignass, Stefan Rath, Thomas Kleindienst, Andreas Stallmach
Summary: This article discusses the opportunities and challenges of a treat-to-target approach in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, with a focus on the current "Selecting Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease" (STRIDE-II) consensus. The study results show that STRIDE-II provides valuable guidance for personalized IBD management and reflects increased evidence of improved outcomes when more ambitious treatment goals, such as mucosal healing, are achieved.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lennart Walger, Sophie Adler, Konrad Wagstyl, Leonie Henschel, Bastian David, Valeri Borger, Elke Hattingen, Hartmut Vatter, Christian E. Elger, Torsten Baldeweg, Felix Rosenow, Horst Urbach, Albert Becker, Alexander Radbruch, Rainer Surges, Martin Reuter, Fernando Cendes, Zhong Irene Wang, Hans-Juergen Huppertz, Theodor Rueber
Summary: Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are common pathologies causing treatment-resistant focal epilepsy. Resective neurosurgery can be successful, but the visual assessment of magnetic resonance imaging is not always accurate in locating FCDs. Computational approaches using artificial intelligence show promise in automatic FCD detection. However, challenges remain in organizing imaging data, evaluating algorithmic output, and making research accessible and reproducible.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
[Anonymous]
Summary: Identifying mutations in the KRAS gene is crucial for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The introduction of KRAS(G12C) inhibitors has shown safety and efficacy in preclinical studies and early phase trials, although not all tumor types with KRAS(G12C) mutations are responsive to monotherapy. Colorectal cancer patients have shown less benefit, possibly due to treatment-induced resistance through increased EGFR signaling. Combination therapy trials with EGFR inhibitors are currently underway.
ONCOTARGETS AND THERAPY
(2022)