Article
Engineering, Chemical
Linlin Liang, Leixiang Wu, Wanyun Xu, Chang Liu, Xuyan Liu, Hongbing Cheng, Yusi Liu, Gen Zhang, Huizheng Che, Junying Sun, Xiaoye Zhang
Summary: This study utilized flow cytometry combined with fluorescent stains to characterize and quantify viable and dead PBAPs in the ambient aerosol in Beijing. The number concentrations of viable and dead PBAPs showed a consistent trend and were unrelated to non-biological particles. Despite a lower PBAPs number concentration, viability peaked in winter, coinciding with the winter flu season.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lili Zhang, Ting Liu, Jiaquan Zhang, Bo Zhu, Dong Xiang, Xude Zhao, Xianli Liu
Summary: This study investigates ambient bioaerosols in Huangshi City, China and finds that their concentrations vary significantly by season, with bioaerosols contributing significantly to the aerosol particles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Siyao Yue, Linjie Li, Weiqi Xu, Jian Zhao, Hong Ren, Dongsheng Ji, Ping Li, Qiang Zhang, Lianfang Wei, Qiaorong Xie, Xiaole Pan, Zifa Wang, Yele Sun, Pingqing Fu
Summary: Online detection of bioaerosols based on the light-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique is still challenging, but this study provides insights into the sources of fluorescent aerosol particles (FAP) in the ambient atmosphere. Fungal spores and pollen are widely observed in all types of FAP, while bacteria are associated with fine mode FAP. FL-B and -BC particles, which contribute the most to FAP, are strongly associated with various nonbiological compositions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bighnaraj Sarangi, Darrel Baumgardner, Benjamin Bolanos-Rosero, Olga L. Mayol-Bracero
Summary: Many atmospheric aerosols can become cloud droplets when the relative humidity exceeds 100%. Some primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs), such as plant spores, pollen, or bacteria, have been identified as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Urban environments are a source of these bioaerosols, some of which are naturally produced while others are a result of human activities. The study in San Juan, Puerto Rico, aimed to understand the fluorescent characteristics and cloud-forming efficiency of aerosols in the region using a wideband integrated bioaerosol spectrometer (WIBS), a condensation nuclei (CN) counter, and a CCN spectrometer.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chao Peng, Kotiba A. Malek, Dewansh Rastogi, Yuqing Zhang, Weigang Wang, Xiang Ding, Akua A. Asa-Awuku, Xinming Wang, Mingjin Tang
Summary: In this study, the hygroscopic properties and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activities of hydroxyalkylsulfonates were examined using three complementary techniques. The results showed that hydroxyalkylsulfonates exhibited significant hygroscopic growth and CCN activities at different relative humidities. Additionally, the properties of binary mixtures of hydroxyalkylsulfonates with ammonium sulfate were also investigated.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yuan Wang, Shengjie Niu, Chunsong Lu, Shuxian Fan, Jingjing Lv, Xiaoqi Xu, Yuchen Jin, Wei Sun
Summary: Unactivated particles mixed in cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) measurements can lead to inaccuracies in parameterization, especially in Eastern China where factors like lower temperature, lower aerosol hygroscopicity, and closer resemblance to coastal aerosol particle size distribution contribute to a higher proportion of unactivated particles in CCN measurements. A new, better-fitting, two-parameter activation parameterization is proposed to better predict CCN concentration at low supersaturation conditions, reducing overestimation of aerosol indirect effects in models.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Weidong He, Yang Yue, Yinghe Guo, Yi-Bo Zhao, Jingxian Liu, Jing Wang
Summary: Inert particles are commonly used as substitutes for biological particles in filtration tests. The physical properties of inert particles and biological particles may affect the filtration efficiencies of filter media. The study evaluated the filtration efficiencies of surgical masks and N95-rated respirators using inert particles (NaCl and PSL) and biological particles (E.coli, B.subtilis, BSA, and endotoxin). The results showed minimal difference in filtration efficiencies for inert particles and biological particles, except for surgical masks where the interception lengths affected the filtration efficiency.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Moises Martinez-Bracero, Emma Markey, Jerry Hourihane Clancy, Eoin J. McGillicuddy, Gavin Sewell, David J. O'Connor
Summary: This review summarizes different spore sampling methods, focuses on the most important spore types that have negative effects on crops and public health, explores factors influencing their growth/dispersal, and discusses current methods of predicting fungal spore concentrations.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
James G. Hudson, Stephen Noble
Summary: Comparisons of data from the RICO and ICE-T experiments have shown that the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra and measurements of cloud and drizzle in warm maritime cumulus clouds are consistent within certain altitude ranges. Clouds with bimodal CCN displayed more drizzle than clouds with unimodal CCN. The results suggest that CCN bimodality could inhibit the indirect aerosol effect (IAE) in warm maritime cumulus clouds.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anne E. Perring, Braden Mediavilla, G. Dewey Wilbanks, James H. Churnside, Richard Marchbanks, Kara D. Lamb, Ru-Shan Gao
Summary: This study presents summertime measurements of fluorescent aerosol (proxy for PBA) over the Bering and Chukchi Seas, revealing low concentrations in the marine boundary layer and high concentrations aloft with large variability. Back trajectory analysis indicates that high loadings are associated with recent transit through the continental boundary layer and PBA emissions from the Arctic tundra could reach up to 300 m(-2) s(-1) at the warmest temperatures. Strong land transport contributes to 12% of supermicron number and 64% of supermicron volume, indicating potential impacts on the albedo, glaciation, and lifetime of Arctic clouds.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ewa Bragoszewska, Maja Pawlak
Summary: This study evaluated the levels of biological air pollutants in a biomass processing power plant in Southern Poland, highlighting health risks related to biomass combustion. The findings suggest the importance of proper ventilation to ensure adequate air quality and protect the health of power plant employees.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shen Yang, Gabriel Beko, Pawel Wargocki, Jonathan Williams, Dusan Licina
Summary: The study investigated the impact of human emissions of fluorescent aerosol particles on indoor air biological burden and found that personal factors and environmental parameters significantly influence particle emissions. Volunteers wearing long-sleeve shirts and pants produced 40% more FAPs compared to those wearing t-shirts and shorts, seniors generated 50% fewer FAPs than young adults and teenagers, and FAP emissions decreased by 30-60% at higher relative humidity levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Anthony Puljich, Kexin Jiao, Ryan S. B. Lee, Laurence J. Walsh, Saso Ivanovski, Pingping Han
Summary: This study evaluated the particle spread of common periodontal aerosol-generating procedures in simulated and clinical settings. The use of high-volume suction effectively reduced the generation of splatter, aerosols, and droplet particles. Ultrasonic supragingival scaling had minimal impact on the particle spread in the dental operatory.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuxiang Wang, Yuying Wang, Xiaorui Song, Yi Shang, Yunxiang Zhou, Xin Huang, Zhanqing Li
Summary: Air quality in China has significantly improved due to strict control policies implemented over the past decade. This study examined the impact of particulate pollution control on aerosol hygroscopicity and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity in North China, based on various data sources. The results show a decrease in PM2.5 mass concentration and changes in aerosol chemical components, indicating reduced hydrophobic organics and black carbon, and increased hydrophilic inorganics. The frequency of new particle formation (NPF) events also decreased, leading to a reduction in daytime ultrafine particle generation. These findings highlight the importance of particulate pollution control in influencing aerosol properties and cloud formation processes.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gourihar Kulkarni, Fan Mei, John E. Shilling, Jian Wang, Renato Pinto Reveggino, Connor Flynn, Alla Zelenyuk, Jerome Fast
Summary: In this study, airborne measurements were conducted to analyze the bulk aerosol chemical composition, size distribution, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) during a field campaign in 2016. A closure study was performed to compare measured CCN concentrations with predicted CCN concentrations, using different assumptions about aerosol mixing state and hygroscopicity. The results showed that under certain conditions, it is possible to predict CCN concentrations based on measured data, providing important constraints for CCN prediction.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yongjoo Choi, Young Sung Ghim, Michal Segal Rozenhaimer, Jens Redemann, Samuel E. LeBlanc, Connor J. Flynn, Roy J. Johnson, Yonghwan Lee, Taehyoung Lee, Taehyun Park, Joshua P. Schwarz, Kara D. Lamb, Anne E. Perring
Summary: This study investigated temporal and spatial variations of aerosol optical properties over the Korean peninsula during the KORUS-AQ experiment, providing detailed information on aerosol behavior to aid in formulating policies that improve air quality in Korea. The findings, derived from various measurement platforms, showcased active photochemical reactions in the downwind region and highlighted the significance of secondary aerosol formation in influencing aerosol properties.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kouji Adachi, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Joseph M. Katich, Joshua P. Schwarz, Anne E. Perring, Braden Mediavilla, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford, Amber J. Soja, Naga Oshima, Mizuo Kajino, Takeshi Kinase, Lawrence Kleinman, Arthur J. Sedlacek, Robert J. Yokelson, Peter R. Buseck
Summary: Biomass burning events are occurring more frequently globally, and the emissions are having significant impacts on human health and climate. Fine ash particles, which have not been considered as a major component of biomass burning aerosols, were found to be transported over long distances and can act as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. The characterization and constraints on these particles will improve measurements of biomass burning aerosols and enhance assessments of their impacts.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Elizabeth Asher, Troy Thornberry, David W. Fahey, Allison McComiskey, Kenneth Carslaw, Sophie Grunau, Kai-Lan Chang, Hagen Telg, Ping Chen, Ru-Shan Gao
Summary: The size and abundance of atmospheric aerosols play a crucial role in radiative effects and climate change. However, efforts to accurately quantify the radiative forcing of global climate models using aerosol observations have been hindered by uncertainty. The POPSnet-SGP campaign demonstrates that a network of autonomous aerosol instruments can be used to quantify measurement representation error and study factors influencing aerosol distributions.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Joshua P. Schwarz, J. M. Katich, S. L. Lee, D. S. Thomson, L. A. Watts
Summary: This article discusses the function and potential bias issues of the Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2), as well as the sensitivity of this bias to user choices of various operational parameters. It provides a method to directly measure and evaluate this bias, and offers recommendations for sampling aerosol and quality-assuring stored data.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Mingxu Liu, Hitoshi Matsui, Douglas S. Hamilton, Kara D. Lamb, Sagar D. Rathod, Joshua P. Schwarz, Natalie M. Mahowald
Summary: This study reveals that the contribution of anthropogenic soluble iron to the Southern Ocean has been underestimated. It predicts a substantial decrease in anthropogenic soluble iron deposition by the year 2100, which will play a major role in the atmospheric soluble iron inputs to the Southern Ocean.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Pablo E. Saide, Laura H. Thapa, Xinxin Ye, Demetrios Pagonis, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Melinda L. Schuneman, Jose-Luis Jimenez, Richard Moore, Elizabeth Wiggins, Edward Winstead, Claire Robinson, Lee Thornhill, Kevin Sanchez, Nicholas L. Wagner, Adam Ahern, Joseph M. Katich, Anne E. Perring, Joshua P. Schwarz, Ming Lyu, Christopher D. Holmes, Johnathan W. Hair, Marta A. Fenn, Taylor J. Shingler
Summary: Using measurements from the FIREX-AQ campaign, it was found that the mass extinction efficiency (MEE) of smoke can change 2-3 times between fresh smoke and one-day-old smoke. This change is not only due to aerosol size, but also to changes in the real part of the aerosol refractive index and is positively correlated with organic aerosol oxidation state and aerosol size, and negatively correlated with smoke volatility. Further studies are needed to better understand and parameterize these relationships.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carsten Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack Dibb, Olga Kalashnikova, Gregory Frost, Jassim Al-Saad, Steven S. Brown, Wm Alan Brewer, Amber Soja, Felix C. Seidel, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, Carolyn Jordan, Tara Yacovitch, Scott C. Herndon, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Daniel Jaffe, Nancy Johnston, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Ioana Popovici, Michael Trainer, Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, David Fahey, James Roberts, Emily M. Gargulinski, David A. Peterson, Xinxin Ye, Laura H. Thapa, Pablo E. Saide, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Siyuan Wang, Matthew M. Coggon, Zachary C. J. Decker, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Georgios Gkatzelis, Kenneth Aikin, Barry Lefer, Jackson Kaspari, Debora Griffin, Linghan Zeng, Rodney Weber, Meredith Hastings, Jiajue Chai, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jin Liao, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford
Summary: The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment aimed to study the impact of fires on regional and global environments and air quality. The experiment measured trace gas and aerosol emissions, observed fire dynamics, assessed fire modeling, and examined connections to ground and satellite observables. The experiment involved aircraft, satellites, mobile laboratories, and ground sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Troy D. Thornberry, Ru-Shan Gao, Steven J. Ciciora, Laurel A. Watts, Richard J. McLaughlin, Angelina Leonardi, Karen H. Rosenlof, Brian M. Argrow, Jack S. Elston, Maciej Stachura, Joshua Fromm, W. Alan Brewer, Paul Schroeder, Michael Zucker
Summary: Uncrewed aerial systems (UASs) are ideal for gathering high-resolution wildfire measurements, but have limited payload capacity. The NightFOX project, funded by NOAA, developed miniaturized scientific instruments for wildfire-related measurements that meet the weight and size constraints of UAS payloads. The system includes three optical instruments with five sensors for mapping wildfires and measuring fire radiative power, as well as a GPS-aided inertial navigation module. The system has been successfully tested on a small UAS and a crewed aircraft.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yoon-Hee Kang, Kyuwon Son, Byeong-Uk Kim, YuWoon Chang, Hyun Cheol Kim, Joshua P. Schwarz, Soontae Kim
Summary: In this study, a practical approach was developed to improve the reproducibility of recent air quality through element carbon (EC) emissions augmentation. The usefulness of this approach was demonstrated through simulations of EC concentrations over Northeast Asia during the 2016 Korea-United States Air Quality study. The approach involves augmenting upwind EC emissions based on simulated upwind contributions and observational data, and adjusting downwind EC emissions based on simulated downwind contributions and observational data at downwind monitors.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anne E. Perring, Braden Mediavilla, G. Dewey Wilbanks, James H. Churnside, Richard Marchbanks, Kara D. Lamb, Ru-Shan Gao
Summary: This study presents summertime measurements of fluorescent aerosol (proxy for PBA) over the Bering and Chukchi Seas, revealing low concentrations in the marine boundary layer and high concentrations aloft with large variability. Back trajectory analysis indicates that high loadings are associated with recent transit through the continental boundary layer and PBA emissions from the Arctic tundra could reach up to 300 m(-2) s(-1) at the warmest temperatures. Strong land transport contributes to 12% of supermicron number and 64% of supermicron volume, indicating potential impacts on the albedo, glaciation, and lifetime of Arctic clouds.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, Ravan Ahmadov, Gabriel Pereira, Saulo Freitas, Georg Grell, Chris Schmidt, Allen Lenzen, Joshua P. Schwarz, Anne E. Perring, Joseph M. Katich, John Hair, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo
Summary: This study uses the WRF-Chem model with new implementations of GOES-16 wildfire emissions and plume rise to interpret aerosol observations and perform evaluations. The results show that the new implementation significantly improves the simulation accuracy of aerosol concentrations and optical properties compared to the standard version.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linghan Zeng, Jack Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Joseph M. Katich, Joshua P. Schwarz, Ilann Bourgeois, Jeff Peischl, Tom Ryerson, Carsten Warneke, Anne E. Perring, Glenn S. Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Richard H. Moore, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Demetrios Pagonis, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Lu Xu, Rodney J. Weber
Summary: This study investigates the characteristics and evolution of brown carbon (BrC) associated with aerosol particles during wildfires in the western United States. Two measurement methods were employed, one using solvent extracts and the other using in situ aerosol particle light absorption measurements. The results show a relationship between BrC absorption and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. The study also reveals the complex evolution of BrC in the first 8 hours after emission, including enhancements, depletions, or constant levels. Ozone and temperature were found to be influential factors in the formation and evolution of BrC.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meloe S. F. Kacenelenbogen, Qian Tan, Sharon P. Burton, Otto P. Hasekamp, Karl D. Froyd, Yohei Shinozuka, Andreas J. Beyersdorf, Luke Ziemba, Kenneth L. Thornhill, Jack E. Dibb, Taylor Shingler, Armin Sorooshian, Reed W. Espinosa, Vanderlei Martins, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Joshua P. Schwarz, Matthew S. Johnson, Jens Redemann, Gregory L. Schuster
Summary: Improvements in air quality and climate predictions require better understanding of aerosol speciation. Currently, aerosol speciation is determined using in situ instrumentation, but there is a lack of uniform ground-based networks worldwide. Satellites provide wide atmospheric coverage but only observe aerosol optical properties. This study derived aerosol mass types (AMTs) directly related to sources and speciation using simultaneous in situ gas-phase, chemical, and optical instruments on an aircraft. The study found distinct optical signatures for different AMTs and identified key parameters for their characterization.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)