Article
Agronomy
Eduardo Martinez-Garcia, Mats B. Nilsson, Hjalmar Laudon, Tomas Lundmark, Johan E. S. Fransson, Jorgen Wallerman, Matthias Peichl
Summary: The forest floor acts as a source of CO2, with emissions increasing with stand age. Tree species and soil type have minimal effects on CO2 fluxes. Pine stands have higher understory production rates than spruce stands. Tree biomass is the major driver of CO2 flux variations.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Jinshu Chi, Peng Zhao, Anne Klosterhalfen, Georg Jocher, Natascha Kljun, Mats B. Nilsson, Matthias Peichl
Summary: The study reveals the important role of forest floor CO2 fluxes in regulating the boreal forest carbon balance, with significant differences in contributions to net CO2 sources between different forest stands. NFFE acts as the main driver for the differences in NEE between contrasting stands, highlighting the need for high spatio-temporal resolution data acquisition to improve predictions of global change impacts on forest carbon cycles.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Huizhong Zhang-Turpeinen, Minna Kivimaenpaa, Frank Berninger, Kajar Koster, Peng Zhao, Xuan Zhou, Jukka Pumpanen
Summary: Global warming amplification in Northern regions leads to higher wildfire likelihood in boreal forests, impacting vegetation and microbial communities on the forest floor. The emissions of BVOCs from soil and understory vegetation are affected by fire-induced changes, with post-fire succession influencing BVOC fluxes. This study in boreal Scots pine stands in Finland found age-related differences in forest floor BVOC fluxes, with decreased fluxes linked to reduced vegetation coverage and microbial activity post-wildfire.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Beixing Duan, Tijiu Cai, Xiuling Man, Ruihan Xiao, Minglei Gao, Zhaoxin Ge, Maurizio Mencuccini
Summary: Forest succession significantly affects soil greenhouse gas fluxes by altering soil nutrient and soil environment/chemical properties. Seasonal and successional variations in soil greenhouse gas fluxes are influenced by soil and environmental factors. The study provides insights into the effects of forest succession on carbon and nitrogen budgets in boreal forest ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Julia Kelly, Theresa S. Ibanez, Cristina Santin, Stefan H. Doerr, Marie-Charlotte Nilsson, Thomas Holst, Anders Lindroth, Natascha Kljun
Summary: The extreme hot drought in 2018 in central and northern Europe resulted in the worst wildfire season in Sweden in over a century. Factors such as burn severity, salvage-logging, and stand age were found to have impacts on forest soils, with tree root respiration playing a key role in determining post-fire soil CO2 emissions. The study also highlighted the importance of disturbance history and burn severity in predicting changes in the boreal forest carbon sink after wildfires.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Kira Ryhti, Liisa Kulmala, Jukka Pumpanen, Jarkko Isotalo, Mari Pihlatie, Helja-Sisko Helmisaari, Jaana Leppalammi-Kujansuu, Antti-Jussi Kieloaho, Jaana Back, Jussi Heinonsalo
Summary: Changes in climate can have unpredictable effects on belowground carbon processes in boreal forests. Understanding the interactions of soil processes and quantifying potential changes in the carbon cycle are crucial. This study successfully partitioned the sources of forest floor CO2 emissions in a mature Scots pine stand in southern Finland using nine different treatment methods, showing intense competition between plant roots and soil microbes in carbon processes.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. L. Fung, U. Rannik, I. Mammarella, T. Vesala
Summary: This study investigated ozone deposition over lakes in Finland using the eddy covariance technique. The results showed that ozone deposition velocity was higher during nighttime, which was related to enhanced convective mixing in the uppermost water layers. Waterside convective mixing enhanced ozone deposition, while wind speed and friction velocity had minor impacts on deposition.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Emmihenna Jaaskelainen, Terhikki Manninen
Summary: Seasonal snow cover significantly affects the albedo values of boreal forests, increasing forest albedo and altering diurnal variations. Considering the effects of forest floor and multiple scattering is crucial to accurately estimate forest albedo values and reflected solar energy, as neglecting them can lead to significant underestimations.
COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Kazumichi Fujii, Naoki Makita, Mouctar Kamara, Martin Kuttim, Shinya Sugita
Summary: The study compared two sand dune chronosequences in Estonia, finding that faster podzolization in coarse-textured soil leads to migration of Al/Fe oxides and P into deeper horizons, reshaping the depth distribution of fine root biomass. In low-diversity boreal forests, pine roots exhibit two forms of plasticity - changing root morphological traits and changing depth distribution of root biomass, depending on the abundance of Al and Fe oxides and the depth distribution and dominant form of P.
Review
Forestry
Raisa Makipaa, Rose Abramoff, Bartosz Adamczyk, Virginie Baldy, Charlotte Biryol, Michal Bosela, Pere Casals, Jorge Curiel Yuste, Marta Dondini, Sara Filipek, Jordi Garcia-Pausas, Raphael Gros, Erika Gomoryova, Shoji Hashimoto, Mariana Hassegawa, Peter Immonen, Raija Laiho, Honghong Li, Qian Li, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Claire Menival, Taiki Mori, Kim Naudts, Mathieu Santonja, Aino Smolander, Jumpei Toriyama, Boris Tupek, Xavi Ubeda, Pieter Johannes Verkerk, Aleksi Lehtonen
Summary: The global forest carbon stock is mainly found in soil organic matter and understanding the effects of forest management practices on soil carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions is crucial for effective climate change mitigation strategies. This study synthesized literature on forest management practices that increase soil carbon stocks and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Soil processes, such as nitrogen fertilization and peatland hydrology management, play a significant role in soil greenhouse gas balance.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Beixing Duan, Ruihan Xiao, Tijiu Cai, Xiuling Man, Zhaoxin Ge, Minglei Gao, Maurizio Mencuccini
Summary: This study investigates the effects of litter layer on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in a Dahurian larch forest ecosystem. The results show that litter manipulation treatments can directly and indirectly affect soil GHG fluxes by influencing soil properties. This study highlights the importance of the plant litter layer in regulating GHG exchange between the atmosphere and soil.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Marie Renaudin, Isabelle Laforest-Lapointe, Jean-Philippe Bellenger
Summary: Feather mosses are important for the growth and decomposition of moss, as well as the carbon and nitrogen cycles in the boreal forest. Climate and nutrients play a significant role in shaping the feather moss bacteriome.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Anna-Maria Virkkala, Juha Aalto, Brendan M. Rogers, Torbern Tagesson, Claire C. Treat, Susan M. Natali, Jennifer D. Watts, Stefano Potter, Aleksi Lehtonen, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, John Kochendorfer, Donatella Zona, Walter Oechel, Hideki Kobayashi, Elyn Humphreys, Mathias Goeckede, Hiroki Iwata, Peter M. Lafleur, Eugenie S. Euskirchen, Stef Bokhorst, Maija Marushchak, Pertti J. Martikainen, Bo Elberling, Carolina Voigt, Christina Biasi, Oliver Sonnentag, Frans-Jan W. Parmentier, Masahito Ueyama, Gerardo Celis, Vincent L. St.Louis, Craig A. Emmerton, Matthias Peichl, Jinshu Chi, Jarvi Jarveoja, Mats B. Nilsson, Steven F. Oberbauer, Margaret S. Torn, Sang-Jong Park, Han Dolman, Ivan Mammarella, Namyi Chae, Rafael Poyatos, Efren Lopez-Blanco, Torben Rojle Christensen, Min Jung Kwon, Torsten Sachs, David Holl, Miska Luoto
Summary: The study analyzed the spatial patterns and drivers of CO2 fluxes in high-latitude regions using statistical models, showing that machine learning and ensemble predictions outperformed traditional regression methods. CO2 sink strength was found to be larger in boreal biome compared to tundra, with the variability reflecting heterogeneity in soil organic carbon stocks, climate, and vegetation productivity. Despite uncertainty, the high-latitude region was estimated to be an annual CO2 sink during 1990-2015 based on ensemble predictions of NEE.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
A. Krasnova, Ue. Mander, S. M. Noe, V. Uri, D. Krasnov, K. Soosaar
Summary: This study assessed the impact of the 2018 heatwave on the carbon exchange of different forest types and a clear-cut area in Europe. The results showed that the carbon exchange varied among forest types, with coniferous forests being the most resistant and mixed forests being the most affected. These findings are important for understanding the effects of global climate change on ecosystems.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Forestry
Anna Walkiewicz, Adrianna Rafalska, Piotr Bulak, Andrzej Bieganowski, Bruce Osborne
Summary: The litter layer plays a crucial role in influencing the CO2 and CH4 fluxes in forest soils, impacting net greenhouse gas exchange through various mechanisms, and is influenced by litter quality, tree species, climatic conditions, and forest management practices. Future studies will need to consider the effects of different types of forest litter on soil greenhouse gas fluxes globally, taking into account factors such as climate change, insect infestation, shifts in tree species composition, and monoterpene production.
Article
Forestry
Patrik Vestin, Meelis Molder, Natascha Kljun, Zhanzhang Cai, Abdulghani Hasan, Jutta Holst, Leif Klemedtsson, Anders Lindroth
Summary: This study investigated the effects of stump harvesting on N2O emissions in a hemiboreal forest in Sweden. It found significant impacts of stump harvesting on CO2 and N2O fluxes, with differing effects depending on wetness levels.
IFOREST-BIOGEOSCIENCES AND FORESTRY
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Leena Stenberg, Kersti Leppa, Samuli Launiainen, Annamari (Ari) Lauren, Hannu Hokka, Sakari Sarkkola, Markku Saarinen, Mika Nieminen
Summary: This study examined the hydrological feasibility of strip-cutting management in drained boreal peatland pine forests. It found that the feasibility increased with increasing site productivity and improving climate conditions. Strip cutting resulted in a rise in water table levels in adjacent unharvested stands, and narrower strips indicated better drainage in the harvested area compared to wider strips. Although strip cutting had limited capacity to maintain efficient drainage on low hydraulic conductivity peat, the increase in water table levels was smaller than after clear-cutting.
Letter
Biodiversity Conservation
Anders Lindroth
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Camille Abadie, Fabienne Maignan, Marine Remaud, Kukka-Maaria Kohonen, Wu Sun, Linda Kooijmans, Timo Vesala, Ulli Seibt, Nina Raoult, Vladislav Bastrikov, Sauveur Belviso, Philippe Peylin
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of COS observations in improving the representation of GPP in land surface models. Joint assimilation of COS and GPP data improves the simulated latent heat flux, while assimilating GPP data alone fails to do so.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Remote Sensing
Anders Lindroth
Summary: Energy balance closure is an important aspect of studying ecosystem exchanges using the eddy covariance method. Previous research has shown imbalances in the order of 0.6-0.7, suggesting the presence of unaccounted mesoscale transport processes. This study demonstrates that unmanned aerial vehicles equipped with radiation sensors can be used to investigate the spatial variation in net radiation at flux sites.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Laura Heimsch, Karoliina Huusko, Kristiina Karhu, Kevin Z. Mganga, Subin Kalu, Liisa Kulmala
Summary: Agricultural ecosystems are at risk due to loss of biodiversity, soil nutrients, and cultural values. Changes in farming practices, particularly the implementation of agroforestry, can improve biodiversity, soil processes, and overall farming system resilience. Further studies are needed to explore agroforestry practices in Nordic countries.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anna Lintunen, Juho Aalto, Ari Asmi, Mika Aurela, Jaana Back, Mikael Ehn, Ekaterina Ezhova, Hannele Hakola, Kari Hartonen, Jussi Heinonsalo, Heidi Hellen, Teemu Holtta, Tuija Jokinen, Leena Jarvi, Heikki Jarvinen, Juha Kangasluoma, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Pasi Kolari, Kajar Koster, Egle Koster, Liisa Kulmala, Theo Kurten, Ari Laaksonen, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuomas Lauril, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Heikki Lihavainen, Annalea Lohila, Mari Losoi, Annikki Makela, Risto Makkonen, Ivan Mammarella, Santtu Mikkone, Dmitri Moisseev, Anne Ojala, Tuukka Petaja, Mari Pihlatie, Albert Porcar-Castell, Arnaud P. Praplan, Jouni Pulliainen, Jukka Pumpanen, Pekka Rantala, Marja-Liisa Riekkola, Kaisa Rissanen, Sami Romakkaniemi, Jose Ruiz-Jimenez, Nina Sarnela, Simon Schallhar, Pauliina Schiestl-Aalt, Janne Rinne, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Hanna Vehkamaki, Timo Vesala, Yrjo Viisanen, Annele Virtanen, Ilona Ylivink, Pertti Hari, Markku Kulmala
Summary: The study of atmospheric processes related to climate requires a multidisciplinary approach, and the Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in atmospheric sciences (CoE ATM) has been conducting extensive research for 18 years. The work in the CoE ATM has improved our understanding of biogeochemical cycles, ecosystem processes, aerosols, ions, neutral clusters, cloud formation, and their interactions. Through a combination of observations, remote sensing, experiments, and modeling, the CoE ATM has enabled improved conceptual understanding across spatial and temporal scales, serving as a platform for multidisciplinary research.
BOREAL ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Christopher M. Raymond, Alex M. Lechner, Minttu Havu, Joel Jalkanen, Jussi Lampinen, Oriol Garcia Antunez, Anton Stahl Olafsson, Natalie Gulsrud, Antti Kinnunen, Leif Backman, Liisa Kulmala, Leena Jaervi
Summary: This paper examines the spatial relationships between biophysical and social values for carbon sequestration potential and biodiversity in Helsinki, Finland, using integrated valuation. Results indicate strong spatial associations between biophysical assessment of CO2 flux and biodiversity priorities, and weaker associations between biophysical and social values. Integration of social and biophysical values leads to multiple pathways for protection of nature-based solutions to achieve carbon mitigation and biodiversity outcomes.
NPJ URBAN SUSTAINABILITY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Henriikka Vekuri, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Liisa Kulmala, Dario Papale, Pasi Kolari, Mika Aurela, Tuomas Laurila, Jari Liski, Annalea Lohila
Summary: Climate change mitigation requires increasing carbon sinks in terrestrial ecosystems and the eddy covariance technique is important for quantifying these sinks. However, commonly used gap-filling methods like marginal distribution sampling (MDS) can lead to significant carbon balance errors, especially for northern sites. Machine learning methods, such as extreme gradient boosting, or modified MDS implementations can help reduce these biases.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kenneth Peltokangas, Subin Kalu, Karoliina Huusko, Jimi Havisalmi, Jussi Heinonsalo, Kristiina Karhu, Liisa Kulmala, Jari Liski, Mari Pihlatie
Summary: This study investigates the residual effects of four ligneous soil amendments on soil structure and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through a laboratory incubation experiment. The results show that the application of these amendments can increase the soil pH and have varying effects on soil organic carbon content and structure. CO2 emissions dominate the GHG exchange and are largely unaffected by the soil amendment treatments. N2O emissions exhibit a positive exponential relationship with soil moisture and the amendments can reduce N2O emissions, with the extent of reduction correlating with their liming effect.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Liisa Kulmala, Kenneth Peltokangas, Jussi Heinonsalo, Mari Pihlatie, Tuomas Laurila, Jari Liski, Annalea Lohila
Summary: Organic soil amendments, such as manure, biochar, and compost, are effective methods for increasing soil carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. However, their use in Nordic agriculture is limited due to a lack of incentives and knowledge. This study examined the effects of wood-derived soil amendments on greenhouse gas exchange, plant growth, and soil properties in a clay soil in southern Finland. The results showed that the amendments increased soil porosity and water holding capacity, leading to potential improvements in crop yield and biomass production. However, further research is needed to fully understand the specific effects of organic soil amendments on greenhouse gas exchange and plant growth.
FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjorg S. Jonsdottir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, Mats B. Nilsson
Summary: By measuring CO2 and CH4 fluxes in a moist moss tundra in Svalbard using chambers and eddy covariance, it was found that the ecosystem was in balance with the atmosphere during the growing season regarding exchanges of CO2 and CH4. The respiration of the ecosystem was primarily influenced by air temperature, soil moisture, and the greenness index, while CH4 emissions were mainly explained by active layer depth, soil moisture, and the greenness index. The sensitivity of gross primary productivity (GPP) to temperature was slightly higher than that of ecosystem respiration (R-eco) up to a certain temperature, after which R-eco increased rapidly. An increase in air temperature could turn the small sink into a small source during the growing season.
Article
Forestry
Yu Tang, Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto, Matthias Saurer, Elina Sahlstedt, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Kira Ryhti, Yann Salmon, Tuula Jyske, Yiyang Ding, Jaana Back, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston
Summary: Incomplete knowledge of carbon allocation dynamics in trees hinders accurate modeling and future predictions of tree growth. This study reveals the significant effect of phloem and root non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) concentrations on tree growth, as well as the strengthened carbon allocation to stem or roots under high carbon demands. By including compound-specific concentration and delta C-13 analysis, this study emphasizes the importance of considering carbon allocation dynamics in tree growth models.
Article
Ecology
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, Leena Jarvi
Summary: Cities are interested in reducing emissions and increasing carbon sequestration. This study examined the carbon sequestration potential of street trees and evaluated modeling tools for simulating carbon sequestration in urban environments.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Olli Nevalainen, Olli Niemitalo, Istem Fer, Antti Juntunen, Tuomas Mattila, Olli Koskela, Joni Kukkamaki, Layla Hockerstedt, Laura Makela, Pieta Jarva, Laura Heimsch, Henriikka Vekuri, Liisa Kulmala, Asa Stam, Otto Kuusela, Stephanie Gerin, Toni Viskari, Julius Vira, Jari Hyvaluoma, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Annalea Lohila, Tuomas Laurila, Jussi Heinonsalo, Tuula Aalto, Iivari Kunttu, Jari Liski
Summary: This paper introduces a field observatory network called FiON, which aims to monitor and forecast agricultural carbon sequestration using various data and methods, and provide decision support. The first phase of the network includes two research sites and 20 pilot farms in Finland testing carbon farming practices.
GEOSCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTATION METHODS AND DATA SYSTEMS
(2022)