Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ningyuan Zhao, Lingyun Ji, Wenting Zhang, Xiaoxue Xu, Jinshuo Wang
Summary: In recent years, frequent earthquakes of high seismic hazard have been occurring on the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Due to its remote location, there have been no high-resolution geodetic measurements of the Ganzi-Yushu fault zone. This study used InSAR and GNSS data to analyze the deformation field, fault slip rate, and seismic hazard of the area, highlighting the high slip deficit and strain rate anomalies in the Dangjiang and Dengke segments.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Zhandong Su, Jeoung Seok Yoon, Arno Zang, Lei Tang, Hongbiao Gu, Chuanbing Zhu
Summary: Earthquakes near seismogenic faults can alter the stress field, leading to changes in the orientation of maximum horizontal stress. Modeling dynamic fault rupturing processes reveals that compression and dilatation quadrants are formed around the fault during slip events, causing different spatiotemporal changes in stress orientation.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geology
Marco Bonini
Summary: Earthquakes can trigger increased gas emissions in hydrogeological systems, but the factors controlling long-lasting degassing are poorly understood. This study explores the potential role of different triggering mechanisms for postseismic degassing and finds a spatial correlation between unclamping stress and increased gas flow.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xuedong Zhang, Jiaojie Li, Xianglei Liu, Ziqi Li, Nilufar Adil
Summary: This study proposes an inversion method to address the limitations in Sentinel-1 data interferometry by considering atmospheric effect. The method accurately estimates the turbulence component in tropospheric delay using an improved inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation tropospheric decomposition model. By using the joint constraints of corrected deformation fields, the geometric parameters of the fault and the distribution of coseismic slip are then inverted. The findings reveal the spatial distribution of the coseismic deformation field and faults, as well as the estimated seismic magnitude.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sota Murakami, Tsuyoshi Ichimura, Kohei Fujita, Takane Hori, Yusaku Ohta
Summary: Estimating the coseismic slip distribution and interseismic slip-deficit distribution is crucial for understanding massive earthquakes and predicting damage. Improvements in measurement precision and observation point numbers in seafloor observations are proposed, but quantitative evaluation in cases of new observation points or improved observation methods is lacking. Advances in crustal structure models allow for accurate slip estimation through numerical experiments, as demonstrated in this study with a method to quantitatively evaluate estimation accuracy improvements. Observation of seafloor crustal deformation near the trench axis is shown to be extremely important for estimation performance.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaopeng Tong, Xiaohua Xu, Shi Chen
Summary: In this study, the coseismic deformation of the 2021 Maduo earthquake was investigated using satellite radar observations. The constructed coseismic slip model revealed the characteristics and parameters of the fault associated with the earthquake. This study has important implications for earthquake hazard assessment of the Bayan Har block.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenting Zhang, Lingyun Ji, Liangyu Zhu, Chuanjin Liu, Fengyun Jiang, Xiaoxue Xu
Summary: This study investigates the slip rate and deformation characteristics of the Ganzi-Yushu-Xianshuihe fault using radar measurement data and GPS data. The study finds that the slip rate of the fault varies segmentally, there are post-earthquake deformations, and the distribution and concentration of strain rate differ. The seismic hazard of secondary faults cannot be ignored.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yongsheng Li, Yujiang Li, Kuan Liang, Hao Li, Wenliang Jiang
Summary: This study used InSAR data to investigate the Mw 6.1 Yangbi earthquake in Yunnan Province, China. The results showed significant surface deformation without obvious surface rupture. The optimal slip model revealed a steeply dipping strike-slip rupture, consistent with the Weixi-Qiaohou fault.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yefei Bai, Chengli Liu, Thorne Lay, Kwok Fai Cheung, Lingling Ye
Summary: The Shumagin seismic gap along the Alaska Peninsula experienced a major interplate thrust earthquake, and there are differences in the slip distribution and tsunami predictions among the models. The sensitivity of tsunami excitation near the abrupt shelf break results in significant differences in the tsunami predictions, despite minor differences in slip distribution. By iteratively perturbing seismic and geodetic inversions, an optimal rupture model is obtained that is compatible with various data recordings.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bochen Zhang, Xiaoli Ding, Falk Amelung, Chisheng Wang, Wenbin Xu, Wu Zhu, Masanobu Shimada, Qingjun Zhang, Toshitaka Baba
Summary: The study shows that mitigating the impact of ionospheric artifacts on long wavelengths InSAR data is crucial for studying strong earthquakes. It is recommended to check the significance level of ionospheric artifacts when studying strong earthquakes with InSAR, and corrections should be applied if the artifacts are significant. Furthermore, the research indicates that megathrust rupturing mainly occurred at two high points with peak slip magnitudes of 15.7 meters and 9.8 meters, and contrary to common understanding, the rupture reached the trench only in the northern segment.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bing Zhang, Guochang Xu, Zhiping Lu, Yufang He, Mimi Peng, Xueshang Feng
Summary: In this study, the fault geometry and slip distribution of the Yangbi earthquake were determined by InSAR analysis, revealing a moment magnitude of Mw 6.14 and predominant slip occurring at depths of 3-13 km. The earthquake was triggered by a blind fault parallel to the Weixi-Weishan Fault, causing significant Coulomb stress increase in the region.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lijia He, Guangcai Feng, Wenbin Xu, Yuedong Wang, Zhiqiang Xiong, Hua Gao, Xiaoge Liu
Summary: We analyze the ALOS-2 coseismic interferograms, pixel-offsets, and Sentinel-2 sub-pixel offsets of the 2023 M(w)7.8 and M(w)7.7 Kahramanmaras, Turkey earthquake sequence. The offset maps reveal that the rupture of the sequence occurred along the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) for approximately 300 km and the secondary Cardak and Dogansehir faults for approximately 180 km. Inversion of the co- and inter-seismic observations provides insight into the coseismic slip distribution and interseismic fault motion, indicating that the coseismic rupture kinematics are correlated with the interseismic strain accumulation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chenglong Li, Tao Li, James Hollingsworth, Yingfeng Zhang, Li Qian, Xinjian Shan
Summary: The 2021 M-w 7.4 Maduo earthquake in the eastern Tibetan Plateau had a surface deformation zone characterized by multiple distinct surface rupture segments and segments with no surface ruptures. By analyzing satellite images, surface displacement and shear-strain fields were derived, revealing a rupture strain threshold ranging from 0.8% to 1.8%. This threshold, which decreases with the fault's structural maturity, is generally consistent with laboratory measurements of intact rocks and higher than the commonly-assumed strain threshold for inelastic deformation (0.5%).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lijia He, Guangcai Feng, Xiongxiao Wu, Hao Lu, Wenbin Xu, Yuedong Wang, Jihong Liu, Jun Hu, Zhiwei Li
Summary: The Mw 7.4 Maduo earthquake on May 22nd, 2021 in Tibet Plateau activated at least five fault segments with curved geometry and peak coseismic slip of about 5 m. Postseismic slip mainly occurred toward the downdip direction of the main coseismic slip asperities, accounting for approximately 15.3% of the coseismic one. Stress analysis suggests that the nucleation of the Maduo earthquake is partially facilitated by the 1947 M7.7 Dari earthquake.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sen Zhu, Yangmao Wen, Xiaodong Gong, Jingbin Liu
Summary: The largest earthquake (Mw 6.4) in northwestern Croatia occurred near the city of Petrinja on December 29, 2020. The study used satellite images to investigate the geometric and kinematic properties of the earthquake and identified the coseismic and early postseismic surface displacements. The postseismic deformation was attributed to a combination of afterslips and aftershocks in the area, and the correlation between Coulomb stress change and the distribution of aftershocks helped identify active faults and estimate seismic hazards in the region.
Article
Geology
Kefei Chen, Huaiyu He, Finlay Stuart, Shaolin Liu, Xiwei Xu, Zhihui Cheng, Dinghui Yang, Jiyong Li, Fei Su, Wenshuai Wang
Summary: This study analyzes the origin of the Tengchong volcanic rocks in Tibet, China, and reveals differences between different magmas, providing insights into deep geodynamic processes.
INTERNATIONAL GEOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kang Wang, Douglas S. Dreger, Roland Burgmann, Taka 'aki Taira
Summary: We present a finite-source coseismic slip model of the 2021 M-w 6.0 Antelope Valley earthquake based on the joint inversion of regional seismic waveforms, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), and Global Navigation Satellite Systems data. The results show that the mainshock rupture was dominated by normal slip along a nearly north-south-trending fault dipping to the east. Most coseismic slip is found to be within a depth range between 6 and 10 km, with apparently no slip reaching the surface. Aftershocks one year after the mainshock are mostly distributed within a relatively narrow band around the up-dip portion of the inferred coseismic rupture plane. There is little to no postseismic deformation seen from InSAR observations similar to 2 months after the mainshock.
SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Qixin Wang, Xiwei Xu, Zaisen Jiang, Jing Zhao, Kang Li, Meng Gong
Summary: Fault locking inversion can clarify earthquake occurrence mechanisms and future seismic hazards. However, limited observations in mainland China have resulted in unstable inversions. In this study, GNSS velocity field data and the least-squares collocation method are used to investigate fault locking behavior preceding the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. After interpolating the GNSS velocity, the inversion shows locked areas consistent with the coseismic slip distribution of the Wenchuan earthquake. Checkerboard scheme and historic earthquake analysis support the inversion results. Future destructive earthquakes may occur on the southern segment of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt with a maximum magnitude of Mw 8.2.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mingxing Gao, Ming Hao, Gerold Zeilinger, Xiwei Xu
Summary: We investigated the thrust faults and tectonic uplift pattern in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) using geomorphic analysis and geodetic data. The results showed that the northwest of the SETP experienced higher uplift rates compared to its southeast areas, corresponding with the GPS-based leveling. The Muli thrust fault played a crucial role in absorbing partial southeast crustal movement and should be further studied for seismic hazard evaluation.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kang Li, Xiwei Xu, Paul Tapponnier, Wenjun Kang, Shiguang Wang
Summary: Accurate study of Quaternary extension rates along NS-trending normal faults in southern Tibet is crucial to comprehend the recent tectonic evolution of the high plateau. Through the use of UAV data, C-14 dating, and Be-10 cosmogenic exposure dating, this study assessed offsets and constrained ages at four sites along the Peiku Co-Gyirong rifts and intervening horst. The results show consistent offsets of approximately 4.7-6.5 m since around 12.3 ka along the Peiku Co normal faults, and a larger total offset of around 8.5 m since around 10.4 ka along the Gyirong normal fault. The overall findings support the inference that the total late Quaternary extension rate throughout southern Tibet is approximately 9 +/- 2 mm/yr, highlighting the risk of a potential Mw 6.9 earthquake in the Gyirong County area.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Zhe Su, Roland Buergmann, Erchie Wang
Summary: The Sichuan basin, located adjacent to the Tibetan Plateau, is an ideal marker for testing the extrusion process of the plateau. Seismic activity in the basin is intense, with earthquakes occurring at depths ranging from 8 to 25 km. The deformation pattern suggests counterclockwise bookshelf rotation of the crystalline basement in response to the southeast extrusion of the Chuan-Dian block.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Haiyang Zhou, Shaolin Liu, Wenwei Yang, Dinghui Yang, Xiwei Xu, Mengyang Li, Wenshuai Wang, Shuxin Yang
Summary: Through obtaining high-resolution 3D images of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, we have discovered the complex deformation mechanisms of this region. The Qilian block shows compressional deformation, while the Alxa block exhibits high-velocity anomalies beneath the eastern Qilian orogenic belt. The analysis of seismic results suggests that the 1920 Ms 8.5 Haiyuan earthquake and the 1927 Ms 7.9 Gulang earthquake were associated with different seismogenic structures.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuandong Huang, Chong Xu, Xujiao Zhang, Lei Li, Xiwei Xu
Summary: Natural hazards pose significant threats to human survival and development. Advances in research on natural hazards have occurred over the past 4 decades. With the continuous development of science and technology and the changing environment, it is important to review research fields and explore current hotspots and trends.
NATURAL HAZARDS REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yaning Yi, Xiwei Xu, Guangyu Xu, Huiran Gao
Summary: In this study, a semi-automated time-series interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) method was adopted to identify landslides and monitor their activity in the Kangding-Batang section of Shanghai-Nyalam Road. A total of 446 Sentinel-1 SAR images from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected and processed using open-source InSAR processing software. The results provide valuable information for road maintenance and disaster mitigation, and the semi-automated processing method can serve as a paradigm for landslide-related studies in other mountainous regions of the world.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yaning Yi, Xiwei Xu, Guangyu Xu, Huiran Gao
Summary: The increasing number of global landslide hazards has led to greater demands for the production and updating of landslide inventory maps. This study developed a new processing chain combining the HyP3 online platform and Stacking-InSAR method, which greatly improved the efficiency of wide-area landslide mapping. Within a few hours, a total of 81 slow-moving landslides were detected and mapped, contributing to the prevention and management of geological hazards through rapid updating of existing landslide inventories.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kefei Chen, Shaolin Liu, Dinghui Yang, Xiwei Xu, Yadong Wu, Shuang Yang, Shuxin Yang, Haodong Zhang
Summary: In this study, basalts from the Tengchong volcanic field were collected and analyzed. The results show that there is remarkable chemical and isotopic diversity among the basalts, which is strongly correlated with eruption locations and ages. This diversity is mainly caused by the difference in lithospheric thickness among different areas. Furthermore, the study supports the conclusion of mantle-crust decoupling in the SE margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Wenbin Xu, Lei Xie, Roland Burgmann, Xiaoge Liu, Jiageng Wang
Summary: Using InSAR data, we document surface displacements of Wolf volcano in the Galapagos Islands. We find that the volcano experienced 6 years of continuous inflation after the 2015 eruption, followed by a shallow flank eruption in January 2022. Our deformation model suggests that stress interactions between a vertical caldera ring-fault and a radial dike on the southeast flank promote flank eruptions, providing an alternative view of magma supply during these eruptions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yao Li, Nannan Li, Mengru Shen, Liwen Cao, Jiaqi Ling, Qingqing Xu, Jiangang Qu, Yangyang Fan
Summary: In this article, an innovative organic-inorganic hybrid flame retardant, MPKG, was developed by reacting phytic acid (PA) with melamine (MA), γ-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (KH550), and graphene oxide (GO). A fiber membrane incorporating MPKG was fabricated through electrospinning. The flame retardancy and resilience to soaping of the fiber membrane were evaluated. The results demonstrate a significant reduction in total heat release and an increase in LOI and char yield, highlighting the enhancing effect of MPKG on the flame retardancy of the fiber membrane. Importantly, the MPKG/PU fiber membrane exhibits robust resistance to soaping.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lin Bai, Zhenhong Li, Roland Burgmann, Yong Zhao, Liming Jiang, Guoliang Cao, Chaoying Zhao, Qin Zhang, Jianbing Peng
Summary: In this study, the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater storage (GWS) in a confined aquifer system in Hengshui, North China Plain was analyzed. The results show a significant decrease in GWS during the study period, primarily driven by climate variability and anthropogenic activities. The integration of different data sources allows for the separation of these two influences. Additionally, traditional well observations alone are insufficient to capture the spatiotemporal evolution of GWS due to their limited spatial density.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Sayyed Mohammad Javad Mirzadeh, Shuanggen Jin, Estelle Chaussard, Roland Burgmann, Abolfazl Rezaei, Saba Ghotbi, Andreas Braun
Summary: Tracking the inelastic deformation of an aquifer is crucial for understanding the stress it experiences and evaluating the impact of extraction practices in a region's hydrogeological setting. However, monitoring the transition from elastic to inelastic deformation is challenging, especially in a dry climate like the Abarkuh Plain (AP). In this study, we used multi-sensor Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar data from 2003 to 2020 to define the confined extent of the aquifer system and track the spatial evolution of inelastic deformation in central Iran. Our findings indicate that previously unaffected areas are now experiencing inelastic deformation, resulting in irreversible subsidence and aquifer storage loss. The thickness of compacted clay units and declining water heads within the confined extents of the aquifer system play significant roles in controlling and driving long-term compaction.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
