Review
Immunology
Kurt Sartorius, Ping An, Cheryl Winkler, Anil Chuturgoon, Xiaodong Li, Julia Makarova, Anna Kramvis
Summary: This review investigates the interplay between chronic hepatitis B infection, the silencing role of miRNA, epigenetic changes, immune system expression, and HBV-HCC pathogenesis. It highlights the influence of HBx-induced epigenetic miRNA pathways in HBV-HCC and demonstrates the complex interplay between HBV infection, epigenetic changes, disease, and immune response. The review suggests that epigenetic changes and miRNA modulation could offer potential therapeutic options in HBV-HCC.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Albert S. S. Agustinus, Duaa Al-Rawi, Bhargavi Dameracharla, Ramya Raviram, Bailey S. C. L. Jones, Stephanie Stransky, Lorenzo Scipioni, Jens Luebeck, Melody Di Bona, Danguole Norkunaite, Robert M. M. Myers, Mercedes Duran, Seongmin Choi, Britta Weigelt, Shira Yomtoubian, Andrew McPherson, Eleonore Toufektchan, Kristina Keuper, Paul S. S. Mischel, Vivek Mittal, Sohrab P. P. Shah, John Maciejowski, Zuzana Storchova, Enrico Gratton, Peter Ly, Dan Landau, Mathieu F. F. Bakhoum, Richard P. P. Koche, Simone Sidoli, Vineet Bafna, Yael David, Samuel F. F. Bakhoum
Summary: This study shows that chromosomal instability and epigenetic alterations are mechanically linked in advanced and metastatic cancers. Misalignment of mitotic chromosomes and rupture of the micronuclear envelope disrupt normal histone post-translational modifications. Micronuclei exhibit differences in chromatin accessibility, leading to epigenetic dysregulation and heritable abnormalities in chromosome accessibility. Chromosomal instability not only alters genomic copy number but also promotes epigenetic reprogramming and heterogeneity in cancer.
Article
Oncology
David A. Skaar, Eric C. Dietze, Jackelyn A. Alva-Ornelas, David Ann, Dustin E. Schones, Terry Hyslop, Christopher Sistrunk, Carola Zalles, Adrian Ambrose, Kendall Kennedy, Ombeni Idassi, Gustavo Miranda Carboni, Michael N. Gould, Randy L. Jirtle, Victoria L. Seewaldt
Summary: Genomic imprinting is a specific form of epigenetic regulation that is influenced by poor prenatal nutrition and environmental toxins. KCNK9, a gene associated with breast cancer, was found to be imprinted in breast tissue and hypomethylation at its differentially methylated region was significantly associated with triple-negative breast cancer, particularly in African-American women. The study suggests that hypomethylation of the KCNK9 DMR may serve as a marker of risk and a potential target for prevention of TNBC.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anders Berglund, Ryan M. Putney, Imene Hamaidi, Sungjune Kim
Summary: Bioinformatics tools help identify the evasion of the immune system by cancer, with abnormal genomic chemical modifications playing a crucial role. Immunotherapy is a powerful weapon against cancer, but tumors often evade it by subduing the immune response through epigenetic dysregulation. Tools and resources are available to help decipher the cancer epigenome and potentially lead to better therapies.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soraya Epp, Shin Mei Chuah, Melinda Halasz
Summary: This review examines the intricate interplay between MYCN and known epigenetic mechanisms in neuroblastoma, and provides insights into emerging therapeutic strategies targeting these mechanisms to improve patient outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anders Berglund, Jaime Matta, Jarline Encarnacion-Medina, Carmen Ortiz-Sanchez, Julie Dutil, Raymond Linares, Joshua Marcial, Caren Abreu-Takemura, Natasha Moreno, Ryan Putney, Ratna Chakrabarti, Hui-Yi Lin, Kosj Yamoah, Carlos Diaz Osterman, Liang Wang, Jasreman Dhillon, Youngchul Kim, Seung Joon Kim, Gilberto Ruiz-Deya, Jong Y. Park
Summary: This study assessed DNA methylation patterns and ancestral proportions in Hispanic/Latinos men with aggressive and indolent prostate cancer. The findings revealed differentially methylated genes in prostate tumor tissues and observed higher stem cell divisions in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. The study also identified differentially methylated genes associated with PCa aggressiveness.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meng Lu, Xintian Lan, Xi Wu, Xiaoxue Fang, Yegang Zhang, Haoming Luo, Wenyi Gao, Donglu Wu
Summary: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation. Dysregulation of microRNAs is involved in the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer. Danshen, a medicinal plant, contains bioactive constituents such as tanshinones that interfere with microRNAs and epigenetic enzymes, showing broad anti-tumor effects.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Dudea-Simon, Dan Mihu, Laura Ancuta Pop, Razvan Ciortea, Andrei Mihai Malutan, Doru Diculescu, Cristina Alexandra Ciocan, Roxana Maria Cojocneanu, Vasile Simon, Carmen Bucuri, Radu Mocan-Hognogi, Cornelia Braicu, Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
Summary: Cervical cancer is a common and deadly form of cancer in women. Detecting the precursor, CIN, can prevent cervical cancer. This study found that certain genes, such as MEG3, DAPK1, MLH1, MALAT1, TIMP3, and SOX1, had abnormal expression levels in both CIN and cancer samples compared to normal samples. Lower expression of MEG3 and miR-205-5p could serve as early warning signals for the development of invasive cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Konsta Kukkonen, Sinja Taavitsainen, Laura Huhtala, Joonas Uusi-Makela, Kirsi J. Granberg, Matti Nykter, Alfonso Urbanucci
Summary: Chromatin and epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in cancer, linking DNA mutations to tumor phenotype and causing changes in prostate cancer development to treatment-resistant diseases. By disrupting transcriptional regulation in normal cells and promoting cancer cell plasticity, this process can impact all defined hallmarks of cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hisham Kashif, Dilan Shah, Sangeetha Sukumari-Ramesh
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a challenging type of stroke with high morbidity and mortality, and currently lacks effective treatment options. Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in ICH, making microRNAs appealing as potential therapeutic targets for regulating brain inflammation response. Studying the roles of microRNAs in ICH-induced neuroinflammation may provide insights for future research and treatment strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Valentina Doldi, Rihan El Bezawy, Nadia Zaffaroni
Summary: Prostate cancer is a common and deadly tumor in men, with high heterogeneity making individual patient management challenging. microRNAs are crucial in determining prostate cancer response to radiation and drug therapy, potentially serving as novel therapeutic targets or tools for improving treatment response.
Article
Cell Biology
Ning Zhao, Maozu Guo, Chunlong Zhang, Chunyu Wang, Kuanquan Wang
Summary: In this study, pan-cancer analysis was conducted to uncover specific and common patterns of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) methylation in 23 cancer types. Several lncRNAs were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for specific cancer types, and two lncRNAs were identified as pan-cancer biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Hong Zhang, Hong-Liang Duan, Sen Wang, Yang Liu, Guo-Nan Ding, Rui-Xin Lin
Summary: Thyroid cancer has become more prevalent in women and young adults in recent years. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential epigenetic markers for thyroid cancer progression and metastasis, offering potential therapeutic targets.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Gianfranco Giorgi, Brunella Del Re
Summary: Epigenetic mechanisms regulate gene expression without altering DNA sequence, and alterations of epigenetic marks have been observed in various pathological conditions. Environmental factors may cause epigenetic changes, affecting disease risks. Exposure to ELF-MFs has been associated with epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNA expression, indicating a need for further research on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julio C. Ricarte-Filho, Victoria Casado-Medrano, Erin Reichenberger, Zachary Spangler, Michele Scheerer, Amber Isaza, Julia Baran, Tasleema Patel, Suzanne P. MacFarland, Garrett M. Brodeur, Douglas R. Stewart, Zubair Baloch, Andrew J. Bauer, Jonathan D. Wasserman, Aime T. Franco
Summary: DICER1 is essential for the biogenesis of mature miRNAs and somatic mutations in its RNase IIIb domain are believed to drive tumorigenesis in thyroid cancers. This study profiles the miRNA and mRNA transcriptomes of non-neoplastic, adenomatous, and pediatric thyroid cancers, and shows that DICER1 mutations are associated with reduced 5p-derived miRNAs and increased 3p miRNAs. The disarray in the miRNA transcriptome also results in changes in gene expression.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)