Review
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Rita Bornes, Javier Montero, Andre Correia, Tiago Marques, Nuno Rosa
Summary: Biomarkers assessment is important for early diagnosis of peri-implant and periodontal diseases. Molecular point-of-care tests can enhance the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases and contribute to personal healthcare.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Han-Rui Fan, En-Ming Zhang, Yong Fei, Bing Huang, Ming Yao
Summary: Early intervention reduces the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). Typical shingles are easy to diagnose, but there is no clear diagnostic method for neuralgia symptoms manifested before the onset of the rash, which can easily cause misdiagnosis and delay early treatment.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Faranak Rafiee, Roya Rezvani Habibabadi, Mina Motaghi, David M. Yousem, Ilyssa J. Yousem
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a continuum of neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted repetitive behavior patterns. Early detection and intervention can improve social interaction deficits, with various imaging methods and molecular techniques developed for early identification of ASD characteristics. Structural, functional, and molecular imaging clues have been identified, highlighting theories such as exaggerated synaptic pruning and excitatory glutamate/inhibitory GABA imbalance in ASD.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Cicchinelli, Federico Rosa, Federica Manca, Christian Zanza, Veronica Ojetti, Marcello Covino, Marcello Candelli, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Andrea Piccioni
Summary: Cigarette smoke is a classic risk factor for many diseases, and dysbiosis of the microbiota has been identified as a new risk factor for several illnesses. There is evidence of a cross-interaction between cigarette smoke and dysbiosis, which may explain the pathogenesis of some diseases.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emma Derbyshire, Michael Maes
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders are increasing in prevalence, possibly due to deficits in choline intake during critical periods of neurodevelopment. Choline is a crucial micronutrient for optimal brain functioning and neurodevelopment. Research has shown low choline intakes and altered choline status in various population subgroups, including pregnant women, children with autism spectrum disorders, individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and those with dyslexia. Optimal choline provision may offer neuronal protection in early life and mitigate cognitive effects associated with neurodevelopmental conditions.
Review
Neurosciences
Hao Kong, Long-Ming Xu, Dong-Xin Wang
Summary: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders refer to abnormal neurocognitive functions detected during the perioperative periods, and diagnosis can be made using the DSM-5 or other tools. The disorders have multifactorial etiology, including predisposing and precipitating factors, and prevention measures include avoiding potential contributors and implementing interventions, with nonpharmacological treatments being the first-line approach.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biology
Nina Labedz, Cristian Navarrete-Dechent, Honorata Kubisiak-Rzepczyk, Monika Bowszyc-Dmochowska, Anna Pogorzelska-Antkowiak, Pawel Pietkiewicz
Summary: This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of pityriasis versicolor, highlighting the importance of recognizing differential diagnosis and discussing helpful diagnostic techniques and topical therapies. Patient education and good personal hygiene are crucial for reducing recurrence.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Konstantinos Tsikopoulos, Gabriele Meroni
Summary: Replacement of native joints aims to restore patients' quality of life. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following joint replacement is a postoperative complication that necessitates hospitalisation, antibiotic treatment and further surgery. Establishing the correct diagnosis of PJI is critical in order to avoid unnecessary treatments in patients with aseptic failure. Intra-operative contamination and heterogeneity in infection period can confound the diagnosis.
Review
Oncology
Eva Blondeaux, Luca Arecco, Kevin Punie, Rossella Graffeo, Angela Toss, Carmine De Angelis, Lucia Trevisan, Giulia Buzzatti, Sabine C. Linn, Peter Dubsky, Mara Cruellas, Ann H. Partridge, Judith Balman, Shani Paluch-Shimon, Matteo Lambertini
Summary: Approximately 10% of breast cancers are associated with the inheritance of a pathogenic variant (PV) in one of the breast cancer susceptibility genes, including TP53. Women harboring a TP53 PV carry a high lifetime risk of developing breast cancer. This review provides an overview of TP53 testing criteria, prevalence among breast cancer patients, and its prognostic and therapeutic implications. It also discusses the spectrum of TP53 alterations and treatment strategies.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Pablo Jose Gonzalez-Domenech, Francisco Diaz-Atienza, Luis Gutierrez-Rojas, Maria Luisa Fernandez-Soto, Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech
Summary: This narrative review concludes that there is insufficient scientific evidence to support a general recommendation of dietary intervention in children with ASD. Future research should focus on protocols and procedures for assessing risk and safety, as well as larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times to obtain more reliable results.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kuan-Cheng Chen, Ying Jeng, Wei-Ting Wu, Tyng-Guey Wang, Der-Sheng Han, Levent oezcakar, Ke-Vin Chang
Summary: Sarcopenia in elderly can lead to dysphagia, making early detection and intervention crucial. Various tools are available to assess swallowing-related muscle function, strength, and mass. Integrated intervention including muscle strengthening, nutrition support, and physical therapy is recommended for patients with sarcopenic dysphagia.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ahmad Chaddad, Jiali Li, Qizong Lu, Yujie Li, Idowu Paul Okuwobi, Camel Tanougast, Christian Desrosiers, Tamim Niazi
Summary: Radiomics with deep learning models have shown great potential in computer-aided diagnosis, outperforming human experts in tasks like predicting ASD. Current research focuses on applying radiomic techniques to ASD analysis, particularly in utilizing imaging shape features and variations in brain thickness morphology.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kerri M. Gillespie, Eva Kemps, Melanie J. White, Selena E. Bartlett
Summary: This narrative review addresses the debate on the role of added and free sugars in human health and discusses various health conditions associated with sugar. The findings suggest that excessive added sugar consumption negatively affects human health and wellbeing, and the type and source of carbohydrates greatly influence their impact on health. Further research is needed to understand the complex relationship between sugar and health in diverse populations.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Angelos C. Mitsas, Mohamed Elzawawi, Sophie Mavrogeni, Michael Boekels, Asim Khan, Mahmoud Eldawy, Ioannis Stamatakis, Dimitrios Kouris, Baraa Daboul, Oliver Gunkel, Boris Bigalke, Ludger van Gisteren, Saif Almaghrabi, Michel Noutsias
Summary: Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a disease where heart failure and renal failure are closely intertwined. Diagnosis requires various tools including imaging, volume measurement, hemodynamic monitoring, and biomarkers. Timely diagnosis and treatment, including medication and devices, are crucial for improving prognosis. Biomarkers such as albuminuria and cystatin C are used for prognosis assessment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Xiu He, Ying Tu, Yawen Song, Guanghong Yang, Mingdan You
Summary: Agricultural pesticides have significant impacts on nervous system development, particularly during pregnancy and lactation. Recent studies have found a close relationship between low-level pesticide exposure and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with inhibition of acetylcholinesterase being a key factor in pesticide effects on nervous system development.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
