Article
Biology
Danielle Hiam, Shanie Landen, Macsue Jacques, Sarah Voisin, Severine Lamon, Nir Eynon
Summary: This study found sex differences in the expression levels of muscle miRNAs at baseline and in response to acute high-intensity interval exercise. These miRNAs participate in regulating key pathways essential to skeletal muscle development and metabolism, programming sex differences in skeletal muscle phenotype.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jing Jing, Xichun Jiang, Cuiyun Zhu, Qi Zheng, Qianyun Ji, Huiqun Yin, Jingtong Huang, Yixiao Zhu, Jiao Wang, Shuaiqi Qin, Yinghui Ling
Summary: This study constructed nine RNA-seq libraries of fetus, child and adult rabbits' leg muscles, identifying 278 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs). The study summarized the highly expressed and uniquely expressed DEmiRNAs at different developmental stages.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Muriel Giron, Muriel Thomas, Dominique Dardevet, Christophe Chassard, Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
Summary: Evidence suggests that gut microbiota composition and diversity can have an impact on skeletal muscle metabolism and functionality. The signals generated by the gut microbiome can regulate muscle functionality via modulation of inflammation and insulin sensitivity. More studies are needed to identify specific strains of bacteria that can optimize muscle mass and function. Personalized nutrition and testing the efficiency of probiotics in different populations are essential. The combination of bacteria, prebiotics, and other supplements may be the best approach to preserve muscle functionality in individuals of all ages.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kai-Zhi Zhou, Peng-Fei Wu, Xuan-Ze Ling, Jin Zhang, Qi-Fan Wang, Xin-Chao Zhang, Qian Xue, Tao Zhang, Wei Han, Gen-Xi Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrated that miR-460b-5p positively regulates the proliferation and differentiation of chicken myoblasts and that RBM19 is a target gene of miR-460b-5p. These findings are important for understanding the regulatory mechanism of meat development in broilers.
Review
Physiology
Regula Furrer, John A. Hawley, Christoph Handschin
Summary: Human skeletal muscle exhibits remarkable plasticity, adapting to various external stimuli, including contractile loading. However, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing muscle plasticity across different exercise levels is incomplete. As a result, training methods for elite athletes are often based on trial and error, with post hoc scientific research being informed by successful coaches and athletes' experiences. This review provides an overview of morphological and functional changes, as well as molecular mechanisms underlying exercise adaptation, with a focus on genetic and individual differences in exercise capacity and performance, particularly in aging athletes. Overall, it comprehensively explores skeletal muscle plasticity in response to different modes of exercise and its translation from molecules to medals.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yueying Yun, Rihan Wu, Xige He, Xia Qin, Lu Chen, Lina Sha, Xueyan Yun, Tadayuki Nishiumi, Gerelt Borjigin
Summary: This study investigated the expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs in the skeletal muscle of Wuranke sheep, and identified potential miRNA-mRNA pairs that may act as regulators during muscle development.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gibran Pedraza-Vazquez, Beatriz Mena-Montes, David Hernandez-Alvarez, Juan Carlos Gomez-Verjan, Rafael Toledo-Perez, Miriam T. Lopez-Teros, Mina Konigsberg, Luis E. Gomez-Quiroz, Armando Luna-Lopez
Summary: Osteosarcopenic obesity is associated with immobility, fractures, and other dysfunctions, but its cause is still unknown. Sedentarism, fat gain, and epigenetic regulators play critical roles in its development. Exercise is an effective intervention for preventing and treating OSO. miRNA expression and inflammatory profiles are implicated in this process, suggesting their involvement in immune regulation and preventing OSO.
ARCHIVES OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cynthia M. McKee, Douglas J. Chapski, Michelle Wehling-Henricks, Manuel Rosa-Garrido, Makoto Kuro-O, Thomas M. Vondriska, James G. Tidball
Summary: This study reveals that modulation of muscle stem cell numbers during early postnatal development has long-term effects on muscle growth. The anti-aging protein Klotho influences myogenesis by increasing satellite cell numbers and influencing the epigenetic regulation of genes involved in myogenesis. Klotho reduces the expression of Jmjd3, leading to decreased expression of Wnt genes and inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling, which delays muscle differentiation.
Article
Immunology
Laura Yedigaryan, Ester Martinez-Sarra, Giorgia Giacomazzi, Nefele Giarratana, Bernard K. van der Veer, Alessio Rotini, Silvia Querceto, Hanne Grosemans, Alvaro Cortes-Calabuig, Sara Salucci, Michela Battistelli, Elisabetta Falcieri, Rik Gijsbers, Mattia Quattrocelli, Kian Peng Koh, Liesbeth De Waele, Gunnar M. Buyse, Rita Derua, Maurilio Sampaolesi
Summary: This study identifies an extracellular vesicle-derived miRNA signature that enhances the myogenic potential of myogenic stem cells, leading to improvements in muscle degeneration and muscle wasting related diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hao Ding, Can Chen, Tao Zhang, Lan Chen, Weilin Chen, Xuanze Ling, Genxi Zhang, Jinyu Wang, Kaizhou Xie, Guojun Dai
Summary: This study investigated the role of miRNA in regulating the growth and development of pigeon skeletal muscle. RNA sequencing technology was used to study the transcriptome of pigeon muscles at different stages. The study identified numerous miRNAs and mRNAs in pigeon skeletal muscles, and classified them into different expression patterns. A miRNA-mRNA network was constructed to identify the key miRNAs involved in pigeon muscle development and growth. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed potential biological processes and pathways related to muscle growth and development.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecile Coudy-Gandilhon, Marine Gueugneau, Christophe Chambon, Daniel Taillandier, Lydie Combaret, Cecile Polge, Guillaume Y. Millet, Leonard Feasson, Daniel Bechet
Summary: Middle-aged and master endurance athletes exhibit similar long-term muscle adaptation to aerobic exercise, but may have distinct short-term plasticity in response to a single bout of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. This difference may constitute early signs of muscle aging for master athletes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li-Ting Diao, Shu-Juan Xie, Hang Lei, Xiu-Sheng Qiu, Meng-Chun Huang, Shuang Tao, Ya-Rui Hou, Yan-Xia Hu, Yu-Jia Sun, Qi Zhang, Zhen-Dong Xiao
Summary: METTL3 increases mature miRNA levels by modifying pri-miRNA transcripts through m6A, but surprisingly represses muscle-specific miRNAs in C2C12 cells and mouse skeletal muscle regeneration models. This repression may involve both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celso Pereira Batista Sousa-Filho, Victoria Silva, Anaysa Paola Bolin, Andrea Livia Silva Rocha, Rosemari Otton
Summary: This article presents studies on the modulation of miRNA expression by the main compounds of green tea in inflammation, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. It emphasizes the need for further research on the role of miRNAs in the extensive beneficial health effects of green tea compounds already described, indicating miRNAs as potential mediators of polyphenols.
CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiling Liang, Hu Zhang, Zhengzhong Zeng, Jun Lv, Jielun Huang, Xiaowen Wu, Minghui Wang, Jiahao Xu, Jingjing Fan, Ning Chen
Summary: Exercise interventions may serve as a potential treatment for sarcopenia by modulating molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kai-Zhi Zhou, Peng-Fei Wu, Xin-Chao Zhang, Xuan-Ze Ling, Jin Zhang, Li Zhang, Pei-Feng Li, Tao Zhang, Qing-Yu Wei, Gen-Xi Zhang
Summary: This study identified differentially expressed miRNAs associated with skeletal muscle development in Bian chickens at different embryonic ages through RNA-seq analysis. Functional enrichment analysis and interaction network analysis revealed the important roles of these miRNAs and hub genes in skeletal muscle development.
Article
Sport Sciences
Dominik Pesta, Jule Heieis, Olga Hand, Petra Frings-Meuthen, Katrin Marcus, Christoph S. Clemen, Ben Levine, Hesham Sadek, Fabian Hoffmann, Ulrich Limper, Jens Jordan, Wolfram Sies, Jens Tank, Jochen Zange, Joern Rittweger
Summary: This study aims to assess changes in muscle volume after exposure to low oxygen levels. The results indicate that low oxygen levels can lead to muscle loss in athletes, especially in proximal muscles. This has important implications for the training and performance of mountaineers.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anna-Maria Liphardt, Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalo, Kirsten Albracht, Joern Rittweger, Laurence Vico
Summary: Based on the European Space Agency (ESA) Science in Space Environment (SciSpacE) community White Paper Human Physiology - Musculoskeletal system, this perspective highlights unmet needs and suggests new avenues for future studies in musculoskeletal research to enable crewed exploration missions. Data collection from current space missions would provide important information to understand musculoskeletal alterations during long-term spaceflight. Understanding the kinetics and molecular mechanisms of the musculoskeletal system is crucial for addressing potential musculoskeletal problems that future exploratory-mission crew will face. Technical advances in monitoring tools are necessary for providing in-flight real-time feedback.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sandro Satta, Robert Beal, Rhys Smith, Xing Luo, Glenn R. Ferris, Alex Langford-Smith, Jack Teasdale, Tom Tanjeko Ajime, Jef Serre, Georgina Hazell, Graciela Sala Newby, Jason L. Johnson, Svitlana Kurinna, Martin J. Humphries, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez, Peter Libby, Hans Degens, Bo Yu, Thomas Johnson, Yvonne Alexander, Haibo Jia, Andrew C. Newby, Stephen J. White
Summary: Researchers recreated the conditions of endothelial erosion of plaques in vitro and identified a novel Nrf2-OSGIN1&2-HSP70 axis that regulates endothelial adhesion, as well as elevated GDF15 and HSP70 as biomarkers for plaque erosion in patients with smoking history. They also identified two therapeutic targets for reducing the risk of plaque erosion.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physiology
James Cameron, Jamie S. McPhee, David A. Jones, Hans Degens
Summary: A 5-year study found that the 6-minute walk distance and timed up-and-go decreased further in septuagenarians, regardless of sex, and were associated with a decline in muscle contractile properties. However, this decline was due to a loss of muscle mass, rather than a further decrease in muscle quality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dieter Blottner, Manuela Moriggi, Gabor Trautmann, Maria Hastermann, Daniele Capitanio, Enrica Torretta, Katharina Block, Joern Rittweger, Ulrich Limper, Cecilia Gelfi, Michele Salanova
Summary: This study analyzed the muscle adaptation to spaceflight in male International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. The results showed that long-duration mission (LDM) astronauts who performed routine inflight exercise had moderate myofiber atrophy compared to short-duration mission (SDM) astronauts, suggesting the importance of exercise in maintaining muscle health during spaceflight. These findings contribute to the understanding of skeletal muscle adaptation and provide valuable information for future deep space exploration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Anesthesiology
Pablo Duro-Ocana, Fabio Zambolin, Arwel W. Jones, Angella Bryan, John Moore, Tanviha Quraishi-Akhtar, Jamie Mcphee, Hans Degens, Liam Bagley
Summary: The study found that prehabilitation programs with more than one supervised session per week can improve physical function but do not enhance surgical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Dora Aczel, Ferenc Torma, Matyas Jokai, Kristen McGreevy, Anita Boros, Yasuhiro Seki, Istvan Boldogh, Steve Horvath, Zsolt Radak
Summary: Higher levels of physical fitness are associated with better physiological quality of life and impact of the aging process. Circulating KL levels are negatively associated with chronological age in the trained group, partly due to the increased methylation of the KL gene. Higher plasma KL is significantly related to epigenetic age-deceleration in the trained group, as assessed by the biomarker of PhenoAge. Physical fitness levels, however, do not relate to circulating KL levels or methylation of the KL gene promoter region in males.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessa L. Boschert, Peter Gauger, Anja Bach, Darius Gerlach, Bernd Johannes, Jens Jordan, Zhili Li, David Elmenhorst, Andreas Bauer, Karina Marshall-Goebel, Jens Tank, Jochen Zange, Jorn Rittweger
Summary: In this study, the effect of acute head-down tilt position on the mean flow of the intra- and extracranial vessels was assessed. The results suggest a shift from the external to the internal system that might play an important role in the pathomechanism of SANS.
Article
Physiology
Jule Heieis, Jonas Boecker, Olfa D'Angelo, Uwe Mittag, Kirsten Albracht, Eckhard Schoenau, Andreas Meyer, Thomas Voigtmann, Joern Rittweger
Summary: It has been found that muscle fascicle curvature increases with increasing contraction level and decreasing muscle-tendon complex length. The researchers suggest that there is a correlation between fascicle arching and contraction, muscle-tendon complex length, and their associated architectural parameters.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Friederike Thomasius, Dominik Pesta, Joern Rittweger
Summary: Despite 2 h of daily exercise training, muscle wasting and bone loss still occur after 6-month missions to the international space station. Space agencies are now considering pharmacological strategies to address this issue.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Hans Degens, Tomas Venckunas, Rob Cl Wuest
Summary: Cigarette smoking reduces exercise capacity and muscle fatigue resistance, partially due to carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) in the blood reducing oxygen-carrying capacity. However, mitochondrial dysfunction improves oxygenation despite reducing oxygen uptake. Using data from muscle samples, a tissue oxygenation model showed that HbCO and impaired mitochondrial respiration both contribute to reduced muscle oxygenation, with chronic smokers experiencing more significant effects from impaired mitochondrial respiration.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Vincent E. Provasek, Manohar Kodavati, Wenting Guo, Haibo Wang, Istvan Boldogh, Ludo Van Den Bosch, Gavin Britz, Muralidhar L. Hegde
Summary: This study examined the impact of FUS gene mutations on the transcriptome of induced pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated motor neurons. The mutations were found to significantly alter the expression profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs, and several key differentially regulated target pairs were identified. Functional enrichment analyses revealed potential pathways associated with neuronal development and carcinogenesis. The study also highlighted the associations between RNA metabolism, lncRNA regulation, and DNA damage repair. These findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ALS-associated FUS mutations and potential therapeutic targets for ALS treatment.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hans Degens, Gladys L. Onambele-Pearson
Summary: Ageing is characterized by a decline in physiological functions. There is a debate on whether the rate of ageing is highly individualistic or uniform. This study proposes a framework to assess the rate of ageing using cross-sectional data, suggesting that most studies demonstrate a highly individualistic rate of ageing, except for master athletes who show a uniform rate of ageing.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Janelle Tarum, Hans Degens, Mark D. Turner, Claire Stewart, Craig Sale, Livia Santos
Summary: Healthy skeletal muscle has the ability to regenerate after injury, but this ability is impaired in aging muscle due to dysfunctional satellite cells and reduced myogenic capacity. This study developed a high-throughput in vitro model to assess muscle regeneration in young and aged muscle cell cultures. The results suggest that aged muscle cells have reduced regeneration capacity and show significant changes in signalling pathways associated with muscle development and contraction. Understanding these mechanisms can aid in the development of new therapies for impaired muscle regeneration in older age.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Eliza E. Toth, Ferenc Ihasz, Roberto Ruiz-Barquin, Attila Szabo
Summary: This literature review examined the relationship between physical activity and resilience in older adults and found a positive association between the two. The results showed that even short-duration and low-frequency interventions increased resilience in older adults. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this relationship and to design more effective interventions.
JOURNAL OF AGING AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
(2023)
