Article
Immunology
Philipp Burt, Michael Peine, Caroline Peine, Zuzanna Borek, Sebastian Serve, Michael Flossdorf, Ahmed N. Hegazy, Thomas Hoefer, Max Loehning, Kevin Thurley
Summary: Selective differentiation of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells into specialized subsets is crucial for appropriate immune responses. While canonical Th-cell lineages are well understood, the transcriptional architecture of hybrid phenotypes remains unclear. This study explored the transcriptome of Th-cell differentiation, revealing an early bifurcation point in gene expression programs. Hybrid Th1/2 cells showed mixed effects from Th1 and Th2 cells for a minority of genes, while others followed a Th1 and Th2 cell-independent transcriptional program. These findings emphasize the importance of longitudinal data for characterizing cellular phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Weihang Luo, Jindong Hu, Weifang Xu, Jingcheng Dong
Summary: The immune response in the asthmatic respiratory tract is driven by CD4(+) T helper cells, especially Th2 cells. Asthma is a heterogeneous and progressive disease, with different stages of the disease course showing different immune responses. The complex immune networks in the inflammatory airway make it challenging to find a universal treatment for all asthmatics.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jin Yuan, Xiaoqian Xu, Zhongliang Wang, Ping Tong, Xuanyi Meng, Yong Wu, Xin Li, Jinyan Gao, Hongbing Chen
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the differentiations of naive Th cells stimulated with different doses of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). The results showed that the balance of Th1/Th2 could be dominated by the doses of SEB stimulation, with a higher dose inducing more Th1 cells and a lower Th2/Th1 ratio. This finding complements the existing knowledge about SEB as a superantigen and has implications for managing S. aureus colonization and SEB contamination in food.
Article
Immunology
Javad Rasouli, Giacomo Casella, Weifeng Zhang, Dan Xiao, Gaurav Kumar, Paolo Fortina, Guang-Xian Zhang, Bogoljub Ciric, Abdolmohamad Rostami
Summary: GM-CSF-producing T helper cells, known as ThGM cells, have been found to play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. ThGM cells express TNF, IL-2, and IL-3 cytokines, but lack the master transcription factors and signature cytokines of commonly recognized Th cell lineages. ThGM cells are highly encephalitogenic in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, and they can switch their phenotype to Th1 in response to IL-12. This study shows that RUNX3 transcription factor, in addition to T-bet, contributes to the Th1 switch of ThGM cells. ThGM cells are a non-polarized subset of Th cells with lineage characteristics and express transcription factors that inhibit the development of other Th lineages.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Davide Neri, Melanie Carevic-Neri, Juergen Brueck, Julia Holstein, Iris Schaefer, Farzan Solimani, Rupert Handgretinger, Dominik Hartl, Kamran Ghoreschi
Summary: This study identified an expanded population of PMN-MDSCs in pemphigus patients, with the ability to suppress T-cell proliferation and increased expression of characteristic effector molecules. The frequency of MDSCs was also found to correlate with an increased Th2/Th1 cell ratio in pemphigus patients.
EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Longdan Kang, Si Wang, Dalu Wang, Jia Wang, Rui Zheng, Xiaofeng Jiang, Beixing Liu
Summary: During respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, pulmonary ILC2 cells may function as antigen-presenting cells to induce the activation of CD4+ T cells through the MHC II pathway.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nazgol-Sadat Haddadi, Purvi Mande, Tia Y. Brodeur, Kaiyuan Hao, Grace E. Ryan, Stephanie Moses, Sharon Subramanian, Xhuliana Picari, Khashayar Afshari, Ann Marshak-Rothstein, Jillian M. Richmond
Summary: This study assessed the role of specific T cell subsets in the initiation and persistence of skin disease using a murine model of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). The findings suggest that Th2 cells trigger skin lesion formation in CLE, and these cells switch to a Th1-like phenotype over time. Furthermore, the study identified changes in T cells at four weeks post injection, with higher expression levels of interferon stimulated genes. These results highlight the importance of understanding the role of different T cell subsets in CLE progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ying Xue, Keli Qian, Yinchun Sun, Lang Xiao, Xiaofeng Shi
Summary: The study found that treatment with TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 siRNA significantly increased the expression levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13, indicating that TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are more effective antifibrotic targets compared to TGF-beta 1.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shengxia Yin, Jian Wang, Lin Chen, Minxin Mao, Rahma Issa, Yu Geng, Rui Huang, Xin Tong, Yong Liu, Chao Wu, Yuxin Chen, Jie Li
Summary: Failure to cure chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can impair B cell function. This study found that CTLA4 regulates B cell and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell differentiation, and that upregulation of CTLA4 in cTfh cells is associated with decreased HBsAg-specific resting memory B cells. Inhibition of CTLA4 restored HBsAb secretion and promoted plasma cell differentiation. These findings suggest that optimizing Tfh cell responses may lead to a functional cure for chronic HBV infection.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuesi Zhong, Mingxing Xu, Jingxiong Hu, Xi Huang, Nan Lin, Meihai Deng
Summary: This study demonstrates that Th1/2 cells play distinct roles in steering the capillarization process in liver fibrosis, with opposing effects when interactions are inhibited. Additionally, the study reveals that the Rho-Rho kinase-myosin signaling pathway may mediate this process.
Article
Immunology
Hongfei Tian, Jing Xing, Xiaoqian Tang, Heng Chi, Xiuzhen Sheng, Wenbin Zhan
Summary: The T-bet transcription factor in flounder plays a key role in immune responses, with abundant expression in specific organs and significant upregulation after infection. T-bet(+) cells were identified in lymphocytes and B cells, and found to proliferate in response to specific cytokines. These results suggest that T-bet may act as a master regulator of Th1-type immune responses in flounder CD4(+) T lymphocytes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Abdolkarim Hosseini, Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh, Hossein Aghamollaei, Mahdi Fasihi Ramandi, Gholamhossein Alishiri, Alireza Shahriary, Kazem Hassanpour, Mahdi Tat, Gholamreza Farnoosh
Summary: Studies have shown that melatonin can be used as a medicinal adjuvant to treat COVID-19 by reducing and controlling inflammatory cytokines through regulating the expression of Th1 and Th2 regulatory genes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Masato Kubo
Summary: IL-4 is a key regulatory cytokine secreted by T(H)2 and T-FH cells, playing a crucial role in humoral immune responses, particularly in B-cell help and antibody formation processes.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Tingfen Ji, Hequan Li
Summary: Significant progress has been made in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of chronic inflammation and airway remodeling in asthma. The disease is characterized by reversible airway obstruction and overexpression of type 2 inflammatory pathways and cytokines in Type-2-high asthma. The involvement of various Th cells and cytokines in asthma pathogenesis necessitates precision medicine for better treatment response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Baessler, Bryce Fuchs, Bryant Perkins, Andrew W. Richens, Camille L. Novis, Malia Harrison-Chau, Linda M. Sircy, Kendall A. Thiede, J. Scott Hale
Summary: This study reveals the important role of Tet2 in CD4+ T cell differentiation and memory formation, which in turn affects the enhancement of immune response. The absence of Tet2 leads to preferential recall of Tfh phenotype in memory cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
