Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Michael A. Hill, Frederic Jaisser, James R. Sowers
Summary: Cardiovascular stiffening is a complex process that involves pathological changes at the cellular level and leads to tissue fibrosis. Activation of vascular mineralocorticoid receptors and hyperinsulinemia, commonly seen in obesity and insulin resistance, play a role in accelerating this process. The activation of the endothelial cell Na+ channel is identified as a key molecular factor in endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening. In obese and insulin resistant individuals, coronary vascular endothelial stiffening occurs, leading to reduced bioavailable NO and heart failure with preserved systolic function.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ghassan Bkaily, Danielle Jacques
Summary: The vascular endothelium is crucial in embryogenesis and aging, and it lines the blood vessels as a cell monolayer. It is recognized by the immune system as part of the body, so any abnormality in the endothelium exposes tissues to the immune system, leading to inflammation and vascular diseases like atherosclerosis. The endothelium's secretory role allows it to release vasoconstrictors, vasorelaxants, and cardio-modulatory factors that maintain proper circulatory system functioning. Adhesion molecules play a significant role in cardiovascular physiology and pathology by providing a seal for the monolayer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Rossana Rauti, Meishar Shahoha, Yael Leichtmann-Bardoogo, Rami Nasser, Eyal Paz, Rina Tamir, Victoria Miller, Tal Babich, Kfir Shaked, Avner Ehrlich, Konstantinos Ioannidis, Yaakov Nahmias, Roded Sharan, Uri Ashery, Ben Meir Maoz
Summary: This study examined the effects of different SARS-CoV-2 proteins on endothelial cells, finding that most of them induced significant changes in endothelial permeability and dysfunction. By analyzing protein-protein interactions, the study predicted the endothelial proteins affected by viral proteins, shedding light on the vascular aspects of COVID-19. Through validation of the protein-protein interaction network model, specific SARS-CoV-2 proteins impacting endothelial function were identified.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Zhang, Ke Xu, Dengke Zhi, Mengyuan Qian, Kaizheng Liu, Qizhi Shuai, Zheng Qin, Jinghui Xie, Kai Wang, Jun Yang
Summary: In this study, a novel bioactive surface integrating human VE-cadherin-Fc and VEGF-Fc fusion proteins was developed for the modification of electrospun fibrous grafts, which promoted the regeneration of functional endothelium and improved the patency of artificial vascular grafts. The VE-cadherin/VEGF surface upregulated the expression of endogenous VE-cadherin and activated the signaling pathways related to endothelial function. Additionally, it enhanced cellularization and capillary formation, leading to accelerated regeneration of functional endothelium and smooth muscle.
ADVANCED FIBER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Issahy Cano, Zhengping Hu, Dina B. B. AbuSamra, Magali Saint-Geniez, Yin Shan Eric Ng, Pablo Argueso, Patricia A. A. D'Amore
Summary: Gal3's impact on VEGFR2 signal transduction requires the presence of VEGF, while VEGF-induced VEGFR2 activation is not dependent on Gal3.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Ashley E. Walker, Jazmin A. Cole, Sahana Krishna Kumaran, Jonathan I. Kato, Xinhao Zhuang, Julia R. Wolf, Grant D. Henson, Belinda H. McCully
Summary: Obesity increases the risk of complications and mortality after trauma, which are associated with vascular damage. The impact of obesity on vascular dysfunction after traumatic hemorrhage is unclear. This study suggests that obesity may potentiate trauma-induced vascular inflammation and dysfunction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Shi, Panpan Li, Hanhan Liu, Verena Prokosch
Summary: This article reviews the impact of oxidative stress (OS) on endothelial dysfunction (ED) in the retina and explores the mechanistic links between the two and their role in different retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the role of endothelial function may lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Review
Cell Biology
Margaret A. Bush, Nicholas M. Anstey, Tsin W. Yeo, Salvatore M. Florence, Donald L. Granger, Esther D. Mwaikambo, J. Brice Weinberg
Summary: Malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum leads to over 400,000 deaths annually, with African children being predominantly affected. Studies suggest that breakdown of endothelial glycocalyx during Plasmodium infection is associated with markers of malaria disease severity, endothelial activation, and vascular function.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yin Chen, Peng Gao, Lu Huang, Xing Tan, Ningling Zhou, Tong Yang, Hua Qiu, Xin Dai, Sean Michael, Qiufen Tu, Nan Huang, Zhihong Guo, Jianhua Zhou, Zhilu Yang, Hongkai Wu
Summary: Authors have developed a nitric oxide releasing hydrogel that promotes endothelialization of the stent surface and inhibits smooth muscle cell growth, reducing neointimal hyperplasia and thrombosis.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michael Crompton, Laura J. Skinner, Simon C. Satchell, Matthew J. Butler
Summary: The renin angiotensin aldosterone system plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation. Excessive stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors by aldosterone can lead to various pathological effects in the heart, kidney, and endothelial cells. In this article, we discussed the association between hyperaldosteronism and fibrosis, cardiac dysfunction, maladaptive hypertrophy, proteinuria, and fibrosis. We also reviewed how aldosterone exposure damages the endothelial glycocalyx and suggested that preventing glycocalyx remodeling may offer a novel strategy for limiting endothelial damage.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fosca Quarti-Trevano, Gino Seravalle, Guido Grassi
Summary: The sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular functions, influencing both small and large arteries. Evidence suggests a close relationship between sympathetic activity, vascular function, and factors such as nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and endothelin. Understanding these relationships can provide insight into cardiovascular diseases like essential hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Article
Rheumatology
Yongdong Zhao, Erin Sullivan, Mary Beth Son, Timothy Beukelman
Summary: In a large prospective registry study of juvenile idiopathic arthritis patients, a nearly threefold increased risk of psoriasis was observed after TNFi exposure.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alison Domingues, Alessandro Fantin
Summary: The vascular endothelium acts as a selective barrier to regulate macromolecule exchange, but its integrity is compromised in various pathological conditions, leading to increased vascular hyperpermeability. VEGFA is a potent permeability factor, and NRP1 may play a fundamental role in regulating VEGFA-induced responses in vascular endothelial cells.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuqi Deng, Nobutaka Ohgami, Takumi Kagawa, Fitri Kurniasari, Dijie Chena, Masashi Kato, Akira Tazaki, Masayo Aoki, Hiroki Katsuta, Keming Tong, Yishuo Gu, Masashi Kato
Summary: Exposure to low-frequency noise (LFN) has been found to increase cutaneous blood flow and improve peripheral circulation. LFN with narrower frequency range has a stronger effect on increasing cutaneous blood flow, and LFN within the range of 70-100 Hz can further enhance blood flow levels. The mechanism behind LFN's effect on the circulatory system involves increased vascular activity through nitric oxide (NO) production. These findings suggest that short-term exposure to LFN may have beneficial effects on human health.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
George P. Cribaro, Elena Saavedra-Lopez, Leire Romarate, Izaskun Mitxitorena, Laura R. Diaz, Paola V. Casanova, Meritxell Roig-Martinez, Jose M. Gallego, Ana Perez-Valles, Carlos Barcia
Summary: This study provides an in-depth analysis of the cellular composition and microenvironment of human glioblastoma, revealing its structural and biological characteristics. The critical association between tumor cells and neo-vascular niche, as well as the relationship between T cell infiltration and tumor proliferation, were highlighted. The research also discovered distinct cell phenotypes in tumor nests and surrounding tissues.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)