Article
Microbiology
Jennifer M. Baker, Kevin J. Hinkle, Roderick A. McDonald, Christopher A. Brown, Nicole R. Falkowski, Gary B. Huffnagle, Robert P. Dickson
Summary: An ecological-based analytical approach can distinguish signal from noise in low-biomass microbiome studies, with whole lung tissue identified as the preferred specimen type for murine lung microbiome studies. It is crucial to consider potential source communities, including negative control specimens and contiguous biological sites, during sequencing, analysis, and reporting for biological interpretation of low-biomass microbiome studies.
Article
Virology
Ahmed El-Nawawy, Manal A. M. Antonios, Marwa A. Meheissen, Marwan M. Fahim
Summary: This study aimed to assess viral agents causing severe pneumonia among mechanically ventilated pediatric patients, and found that viral infection rate was high at 73.4%, with rhinovirus and RSV being the most common. The mortality rate for viral-associated severe pneumonia reached 56.36%, with a threefold increase in mortality odds in the presence of comorbid conditions and a tenfold increase with congenital heart disease.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yukun He, Jia Li, Wenyi Yu, Yali Zheng, Donghong Yang, Yu Xu, Lili Zhao, Xinqian Ma, Pihua Gong, Zhancheng Gao
Summary: The study found that the lower respiratory tract microbiome characteristics in patients with post-HSCT pneumonia are different from those with CAP and healthy controls, which may be associated with the patient's outcome. High abundance of Actinobacteria and low abundance of Bacteroidetes were observed in post-HSCT pneumonia samples. Pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Burkholderia, and Mycobacterium were prominent in the pneumonia group after HSCT.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Huili Shen, Tingyan Liu, Meili Shen, Yi Zhang, Weiming Chen, Hanlin Chen, Yixue Wang, Jing Liu, Jinhao Tao, Liming He, Guoping Lu, Gangfeng Yan
Summary: mNGS is valuable in the etiological diagnosis of pneumonia, especially in fungal infections, and can reveal pulmonary microecological characteristics. For pneumonia patients in pediatric intensive care units (PICU), mNGS should be implemented early and complementary to conventional microbiological tests (CMTs).
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jun Yeun Cho, Mi Yeon Kim, Ji Hyoun Kim, Eung-Gook Kim, Sun-Hyung Kim, Bumhee Yang, Hyeran Kang, Ki Man Lee, Kang Hyeon Choe, Yoon Mi Shin
Summary: Recent studies have shown that the lower airway microbiome may be important in the development and progression of interstitial lung disease (ILD). The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the respiratory microbiome in ILD patients. The study found that species diversity and richness were lower in the most-affected lesions compared to the least-affected lesions, but taxonomic abundance patterns were similar. The prevalence of the Fusobacteria phylum was higher in fibrotic ILD than in nonfibrotic ILD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fernando Sergio Leitao Filho, Carli Monica Peters, Andrew William Sheel, Julia Yang, Corey Nislow, Stephen Lam, Janice M. Leung, Don D. Sin
Summary: Lower airway dysbiosis contributes to disease pathogenesis in respiratory diseases. However, little is known regarding the microbiota of lower airways or the oral cavity of healthy young persons. Microbiome analyses showed significant differences in microbial diversity, taxa profiles, and predicted function between the lower airway and oral microbiota in healthy young individuals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kotaro Iwasaki, Yasuo Matsuzawa, Hiroki Wakabayashi, Moe Shioya, Sho Hayakawa, Ichiro Tatsuno
Summary: The relationship between the lower airway microbiota and respiratory illness in humans is receiving attention. This study characterized the lower airway microbiota in Mycobacterium avium complex lung disease (MAC-LD), a subclass of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD). Analysis revealed that Pseudomonas and MAC tended to exist exclusively in the two patient groups.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Gennaro De Pascale, Flavio De Maio, Simone Carelli, Giulia De Angelis, Margherita Cacaci, Luca Montini, Giuseppe Bello, Salvatore Lucio Cutuli, Gabriele Pintaudi, Eloisa Sofia Tanzarella, Rikardo Xhemalaj, Domenico Luca Grieco, Mario Tumbarello, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Brunella Posteraro, Massimo Antonelli
Summary: Our study showed that COVID-19 patients with SA-VAP had a higher incidence of late-onset, methicillin-resistant, and bacteremic infections compared to non-COVID-19 patients. While no significant differences were observed in ICU mortality, clinical cure, and microbiological eradication between the two groups, SAPS II score and initial inappropriate antimicrobial therapy were independently associated with ICU mortality. Additionally, lung microbiota composition was significantly different between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients with SA-VAP, with certain bacteria being enriched in the COVID-19 group.
Article
Respiratory System
Osamu Nishiyama, Shigeki Shimizu, Koji Haratani, Kosuke Isomoto, Junko Tanizaki, Hidetoshi Hayashi, Ryo Yamazaki, Takashi Oomori, Yusaku Nishikawa, Akiko Sano, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yuji Tohda
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed bronchoscopy results in NSCLC patients with ICI-related pneumonitis, revealing an increase in lymphocytes and histologic features of granulomas and organizing pneumonia in lung tissue. All patients demonstrated favorable outcomes.
BMC PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Susanne Ghandili, Philipp H. von Kroge, Marcel Simon, Frank O. Henes, Holger Rohde, Armin Hoffmann, Nick Benjamin Lindeman, Carsten Bokemeyer, Walter Fiedler, Franziska Modemann
Summary: Infections pose a major threat to leukemia patients, even with broad-spectrum anti-infective treatment. Approximately half of all patients with acute leukemia still have detectable pathogens in bronchoalveolar samples. However, these detections do not frequently lead to changes in treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Barry Linnane, Aaron M. Walsh, Calum J. Walsh, Fiona Crispie, Orla O'Sullivan, Paul D. Cotter, Michael McDermott, Julie Renwick, Paul McNally
Summary: The study thoroughly characterized the lower airway microbiome in pre-school children with CF, finding that while the CF lung microbiome is broadly similar to that in non-CF children in terms of alpha diversity at an early age, several key genera were significantly differentially abundant between the CF and non-CF groups. CF diagnosis explained only a small amount of variation between the microbiomes, and there were distinct patterns of microbial abundance changes with age in CF and non-CF populations.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kerry L. McNally, Jennifer L. Bowen, Jennifer O. Brisson, Adam Kennedy, Charles J. Innis
Summary: This study characterized the tracheal lavage microbiome of sea turtles and found that radiographic lung abnormalities do not correlate with the tracheal lavage microbiome. Culture-dependent methods under-represented the microbial community, many sea turtle pathogens were present in low abundance, and tracheal lavages were not representative of other sections of the respiratory tract. The complex pulmonary microbial community associated with pneumonia in sea turtles did not correlate well with the microbial community identified by tracheal lavage, highlighting the limitations of using tracheal lavage for identifying causative agents of pneumonia.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ning Li, Huifen Zhou, Van K. Holden, Janaki Deepak, Pushpa Dhilipkannah, Nevins W. Todd, Sanford A. Stass, Feng Jiang
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) attaches to lung cancer cells by binding pneumococcal surface protein C (PspC) to platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR), stimulating cell proliferation and activating PI3K/AKT and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, leading to a pro-inflammatory response. Lung cancer cells infected with SP form larger tumors in mice, and mice treated with both tobacco carcinogen and SP develop more lung tumors and have a shorter survival period. Mutating PspC or PAFR eliminates the tumor-promoting effects of SP. SP overabundance is associated with survival. SP may drive lung tumorigenesis by activating PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathways through PspC-PAFR binding, providing a microbial target for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Pastor, Elisabeth Vera, Jose M. Marin, David Sanz-Rubio
Summary: Lung diseases are a common cause of death globally, with chronic airway inflammation and abnormal tissue repair playing a role in their pathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles play a key role in the development of LD, serving as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Muhammad Waqas Sadiq, Olaf Holz, Birthe D. Ellinghusen, Cornelia Faulenbach, Meike Mueller, Philipp Badorrek, Ulf G. Eriksson, Markus Friden, Stina Stomilovic, Anders J. Lundqvist, Jens M. Hohlfeld
Summary: This study evaluated the lung pharmacokinetics of commonly prescribed drugs by sampling different lung compartments after inhalation and oral administration. The results showed that inhalation of salbutamol resulted in significantly higher lung concentrations compared to plasma, with salmeterol and fluticasone showing even higher concentration ratios. The study concluded that combining data from multiple individuals and techniques sampling different lung compartments enabled the generation of pharmacokinetic profiles for evaluating lung targeting after inhaled and oral drug delivery.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Konrad F. R. Schmidt, Katharina Huelle, Thomas Reinhold, Hallie C. Prescott, Rebekka Gehringer, Michael Hartmann, Thomas Lehmann, Friederike Mueller, Konrad Reinhart, Nico Schneider, Maya J. Schroevers, Robert P. Kosilek, Horst C. Vollmar, Christoph Heintze, Jochen S. Gensichen
Summary: Sepsis survivors have high healthcare utilization and related costs, with frequent and costly hospital readmissions within the first six months post-intensive care. Primary care physicians were the most frequently consulted outpatient care providers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Russell G. Buhr, Igor Z. Barjaktarevic, P. Miguel Quibrera, Lori A. Bateman, Eugene R. Bleecker, David J. Couper, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Brett A. Dolezal, MeiLan K. Han, Nadia N. Hansel, Jerry A. Krishnan, Fernando J. Martinez, William McKleroy, Robert Paine, Stephen Rennard, Donald P. Tashkin, Prescott G. Woodruff, Richard E. Kanner, Christopher B. Cooper
Summary: This study explored the implications of variable obstruction (VO) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients and compared them with individuals without obstruction. The findings suggested that there is a significant risk for future development of COPD in individuals with pre-bronchodilator airflow obstruction, supporting the consideration of expanding spirometric criteria defining COPD to include pre-bronchodilator obstruction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jack Wadden, Brandon S. Newell, Joshua Bugbee, Vishal John, Amy K. Bruzek, Robert P. Dickson, Carl Koschmann, David Blaauw, Satish Narayanasamy, Reetuparna Das
Summary: This study presents a proof-of-principle approach for targeted variant detection in less than 1 hour using real-time DNA sequencers. By modifying existing protocols and optimizing diagnostic time-to-result, the researchers were able to confirm a hot-spot mutation in tumor tissue in about 52 minutes. They also explored rapid, targeted Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and developed a bioinformatics tool called LAMPrey to process the sequenced LAMP product. Using LAMPrey, they demonstrated confirmation of a hot-spot mutation from tumor tissue in less than 30 minutes.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Callie M. Drohan, Philip L. Molyneaux, Robert P. Dickson
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Ariangela J. Kozik, Lesa A. Begley, Njira Lugogo, Alan Baptist, John Erb-Downward, Kristopher Opron, Yvonne J. Huang
Summary: This study compared the relationship between airway microbiota and immune markers in obese and nonobese individuals with and without mild-moderate asthma. The results showed that obesity itself is associated with an altered sputum microbiome, and there are distinct differences in the airway microbiota and immune marker relationships in obese asthma. These differences may affect the mechanisms and outcomes of obese asthma.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Critical Care Medicine
Christine M. Freeman, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Annette T. Hastie
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Elizabeth S. Munroe, Robert C. Hyzy, Matthew W. Semler, Manu Shankar-Hari, Paul J. Young, Fernando G. Zampieri, Hallie C. Prescott
Summary: Sepsis is a global health issue with high rates of morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the evolving practices in the management of early sepsis-induced hypoperfusion, including fluid resuscitation volume, timing of vasopressor initiation, resuscitation targets, route of vasopressor administration, and use of invasive blood pressure monitoring. The current trend is towards smaller-volume resuscitation paired with earlier vasopressor initiation. Lowering blood pressure targets and the use of peripheral vasopressors and blood pressure cuffs are also being considered. Overall, the approach to resuscitation is moving towards fluid-sparing and less-invasive strategies, but further research is needed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Reid McCallister, Mark Nuppnau, Michael W. Sjoding, Robert P. Dickson, Rishi Chanderraj
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Kale S. Bongers, Kathleen A. Stringer, Robert P. Dickson
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Thuonghien V. Tran, Gregory L. Kinney, Alejandro Comellas, Karin F. Hoth, Arianne K. Baldomero, A. James Mamary, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Nicola Hanania, Richard Casaburi, Kendra A. Young, Victor Kim, Barry Make, Emily S. Wan, Alejandro A. Diaz, John Hokanson, James D. Crapo, Edwin K. Silverman, Surya P. Bhatt, Elizabeth Regan, Spyridon Fortis
Summary: Recent evidence suggests a high prevalence of undiagnosed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Factors associated with abnormal spirometry and incident diagnosis of COPD were analyzed in an at-risk population using data from the COPDGene study. The results can be used to identify individuals at risk for undiagnosed COPD and facilitate earlier diagnosis and treatment.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nina Vibeche Skei, Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen, Randi Marie Mohus, Hallie C. Prescott, Stian Lydersen, Erik Solligard, Jan Kristian Damas, Lise Tuset Gustad
Summary: This study aims to examine trends in short- and long-term mortality among sepsis patients and investigate the association between clinical characteristics and mortality. Data was collected from all hospitals in Norway from 2008 to 2021, and the analysis showed a decline in overall mortality over the years. Factors such as comorbidity, site of infection, and acute organ dysfunction were found to be associated with mortality.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
W. W. Labaki, Y. J. Huang, C. M. Freeman, S. J. Gurczynski, J. Erb-Downward, R. P. Bowler, R. Barr, A. P. Comellas, G. J. Criner, J. M. Wells, N. N. Hansel, I. Barjaktarevic, R. Paine, J. A. Krishnan, S. P. Peters, P. Woodruff, W. K. O'Neal, F. J. Martinez, J. L. Curtis, K. A. Stringer, M. K. Han
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Carmen Mikacenic, Lynn A. Fussner, Jasmine Bell, Ellen L. Burnham, Linda L. Chlan, Sarah K. Cook, Robert P. Dickson, Francis Almonor, Fengming Luo, Karan Madan, Luisa Morales-Nebreda, Kara J. Mould, A. John Simpson, Benjamin D. Singer, Renee D. Stapleton, Chris H. Wendt, D. Clark Files
Summary: Bronchoscopy for research purposes is a valuable tool to understand lung-specific biology in humans. This study provides recommendations for patient selection, hospital staff protection, sample procurement, and sample preparation. The committee concludes that research bronchoscopy is valuable and safe in appropriately selected patients.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Nina Vibeche Skei, Karoline Moe, Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen, Lene Aasdahl, Hallie C. Prescott, Jan Kristian Damas, Lise Tuset Gustad
Summary: The study found that the return to work rates of sepsis patients did not improve over time, and the probability of sustainable return to work was low. Younger age, fewer comorbidities, and fewer acute organ dysfunctions were associated with higher probability of sustainable return to work.
Article
Respiratory System
Kevin J. Karlic, Tori L. Clouse, Cainnear K. Hogan, Allan Garland, Sarah Seelye, Jeremy B. Sussman, Hallie C. Prescott
Summary: This study assessed three approaches to identifying sepsis hospitalizations and found that they have acceptable accuracy, but with varying sensitivity and specificity. Investigators should carefully consider the test characteristics of each method before determining an appropriate approach.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2023)