Article
Ecology
Weizhong Li, Karen E. Nelson
Summary: Recent studies suggest that many species of human gut microbiota acquired in early childhood can persist into senior adulthood, with some species showing a higher likelihood of being shared between twins, indicating a potential genetic component in microbiota transmission.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Blaine Caslin, Kailey Mohler, Shreya Thiagarajan, Esther Melamed
Summary: Alcohol may have complex effects on autoimmune diseases, with potential pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects may be related to factors such as the dose, duration, type, cultural background, and sex of alcohol consumption.
Article
Microbiology
Florencia Velez-Cortes, Harris Wang
Summary: Bacterially secreted proteins are crucial for the functioning of bacterial cells and communities. In this study, a computational pipeline was used to predict and analyze the bacterial metasecretome of the human gut, revealing the presence of diverse families of secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes and their distribution across taxonomic groups. By mapping secreted proteins to metagenomic data from endoscopic sampling of the human gastrointestinal tract, specific regions were identified where resident microbes secrete glycosidases. The comprehensive analysis of the metasecretome provides valuable insights for microbiome research and understanding the impact of gut bacteria on human health.
Review
Cell Biology
Haonan Zheng, Cunzheng Zhang, Jindong Zhang, Liping Duan
Summary: Abnormal brain-gut interaction is the core mechanism of gut-brain interaction disorders (DGBI), where the intestinal microbiota and microglia play important roles. In-depth research has revealed an interaction between the gut microbiota and microglia in DGBI, especially in individuals with mental disorders like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This bidirectional regulation provides a new direction for DGBI treatment.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hannelore Daniel
Summary: The quantity and quality of the intestinal and fecal microbiome vary greatly between individuals and are affected by numerous intrinsic and environmental factors. While diet does have an effect, other individual factors such as gender, age, BMI, as well as plasma lipids and blood pressure, are more strongly associated with microbiome diversity. Additionally, gastrointestinal functions, particularly the intestinal/colonic transit time, play a critical role in influencing the microbiome. Metabolic and neurological diseases are often accompanied by changes in intestinal transit time and may contribute to alterations in gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeanne Erdmann
Summary: Faecal transplants have been effective in overcoming resistance to immunotherapies, leading to numerous trials investigating the link between cancer and the microbiome.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bianca Nogrady
Summary: Interest in the gut microbiome is creating numerous career and funding opportunities across various fields.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hala Elzayat, Ghaidaa Mesto, Farah Al-Marzooq
Summary: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Recent research has shown the significant role of the oral and gut microbiome in the development and progression of IBD and their impact on overall gut health. The interconnected oral and gut microbiome, as complex microbial communities, are implicated in IBD pathogenesis, and understanding their relationship can provide insights into disease management and prevention strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Wei Yan, Qianqian Zhou, Zhongyang Yuan, Liang Fu, Chaoliang Wen, Ning Yang, Congjiao Sun
Summary: The research investigated the impact of gut microecology on Campylobacter presence in chickens raised on commercial litter and in individual cages. It found that Campylobacter colonization is influenced by microbial competition and cooperation, as well as host genetics. Colonization may occur predominantly at 7-28 days of age.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz Wilmanski, Sean M. Gibbons
Summary: A recent study has shown that the ecological composition of the human gut virome changes with age, with a decline in core taxa and an enrichment of subdominant taxa, similar to what has been observed in the gut bacteriomes of centenarians.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo Chen, Lulu Sun, Guangyi Zeng, Zhe Shen, Kai Wang, Limin Yin, Feng Xu, Pengcheng Wang, Yong Ding, Qixing Nie, Qing Wu, Zhiwei Zhang, Jialin Xia, Jun Lin, Yuhong Luo, Jie Cai, Kristopher W. Krausz, Ruimao Zheng, Yanxue Xue, Ming-Hua Zheng, Yang Li, Chaohui Yu, Frank J. Gonzalez, Changtao Jiang
Summary: Tobacco smoking is positively correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the underlying mechanism is unclear. This study found that nicotine accumulates in the intestine during tobacco smoking and activates intestinal AMPK alpha. The gut bacterium Bacteroides xylanisolvens is identified as an effective nicotine degrader. These findings highlight the role of intestinal nicotine accumulation in NAFLD progression and the presence of an endogenous bacterium in the human intestine that can metabolize nicotine.
Article
Microbiology
Esther Ndungo, Johanna B. Holm, Syze Gama, Andrea G. Buchwald, Sharon M. Tennant, Miriam K. Laufer, Marcela F. Pasetti, David A. Rasko
Summary: Shigella continues to be a major contributor to diarrheal illness and dysentery in children under 5 in low- and middle-income countries. This study explored the impact of Shigella infection on the developing gastrointestinal microbiome in infants and found temporal changes in the microbiota associated with the infection. These findings highlight the need for further research on the microbial communities associated with disease susceptibility and resolution.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Cynthia L. Monaco
Summary: This article discusses the discovery of alterations in gut bacterial and viral populations in HIV-associated AIDS in 2016, and explores how these findings have advanced the field and influenced the author's current research endeavors.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Lauren E. Fuess, Stijn den Haan, Fei Ling, Jesse N. Weber, Natalie C. Steinel, Daniel Bolnick
Summary: This study explores the correlations between gene expression and microbiome composition in laboratory-raised fish, highlighting the strong positive associations between microbial alpha diversity and host immune gene expression. Additionally, 15 microbial families are found to be highly correlated with host gene expression, particularly with immune processes. These findings support the understanding of intimate links between host immunity and gut microbiome composition in nonmodel vertebrate species.
Article
Ecology
Sahana Kuthyar, Martin M. Kowalewski, Dawn M. Roellig, Elizabeth K. Mallott, Yan Zeng, Thomas R. Gillespie, Katherine R. Amato
Summary: Habitat disturbance due to anthropogenic land use practices creates interfaces where human, wildlife, and domestic species interact, influencing host-microbe dynamics and potentially impacting host physiology and health. In this study of black and gold howler monkeys in northeastern Argentina, habitat type was found to correlate with gut bacterial community composition, while Giardia infection did not have a universal effect on gut bacteria, suggesting the importance of understanding how stressors from habitat disturbance can affect host-microbe relationships and health outcomes.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)