Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rani Punwasi, L. de Kleijn, J. B. M. Rijkels-Otters, M. Veen, Alessandro Chiarotto, Bart Koes
Summary: The use of opioids, both prescribed by doctors and obtained illicitly, has been on the rise globally. This systematic review analyzes the attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) towards opioid prescriptions and proposes solutions to promote changes in primary care. The findings suggest that GP attitudes are influenced by various factors, including patient-related and therapeutic relationship-related factors. Raising awareness about the inefficacy of opioids in chronic non-cancer pain management and providing non-opioid alternatives may help reduce opioid prescriptions in primary care.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Adam Holland, Alex Stevens, Magdalena Harris, Dan Lewer, Harry Sumnall, Daniel Stewart, Eilish Gilvarry, Alice Wiseman, Joshua Howkins, Jim McManus, Gillian W. Shorter, James Nicholls, Jenny Scott, Kyla Thomas, Leila Reid, Edward Day, Jason Horsley, Fiona Measham, Maggie Rae, Kevin Fenton, Matthew Hickman
Summary: This article assesses the evidence-based and consistency of the UK Government's ten-year drugs strategy. While the strategy promises significant funding for drug treatment services and supports public health approaches, it also promotes unevidenced and harmful measures of punishment. The article argues for evidence-based measures to mitigate drug-related harm and calls for a more substantial re-orientation of UK drug policy.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Samantha Marie Harris, Per-Einar Binder, Esperanza Diaz, Vebjorn Ekroll, Gro M. Sandal
Summary: The study found few and relatively small effects of patient background and gender on GPs' clinical decisions. Somali and Norwegian vignette characters had similar clinical decisions, with some differences in diagnoses and treatments, such as Somalis more frequently receiving PTSD diagnoses and Norwegians receiving diagnoses of feeling depressed.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
I. J. Koebner, H. J. Chatterjee, D. J. Tancredi, C. M. Witt, M. Gosdin, R. Rawal, G. Weinberg, F. J. Meyers
Summary: This study aimed to develop a framework for arts in health programs targeting individuals with chronic pain through surveys and interviews with arts and cultural professionals. Results showed that the cultural sector can support chronic pain treatment and prevention efforts through specialized programs.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Minh-Lien Jeanne Nguyen, Claire Lacour, Vincent Rivoirard
Summary: This paper studies the estimation of the conditional density given observation data and an independent identically distributed sample. It provides an adaptive fully-nonparametric strategy based on kernel rules, and proposes a new fast iterative algorithm to select the bandwidth of the kernel rule. The results show that the pointwise estimator achieves quasi-optimal convergence rate in terms of both regularity and sparsity, and the computational complexity of the method is only O(dn log n).
JOURNAL OF MACHINE LEARNING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Yi-Ming Zhang, Zifeng Huang, Yong Xia
Summary: The paper proposes a new adaptive multi-taper method to estimate the power spectral density and coherence function of multivariate stationary processes. The method can automatically adjust the number of tapers at different frequency points, reducing bias and variance.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
C. C. Currie, S. J. Stone, P. Brocklehurst, G. Slade, J. Durham, M. S. Pearce
Summary: The study reveals that one-third of the population in the UK seeks dental care only when experiencing acute dental pain or problems. Analysis of visit codes to general medical practices in Wales shows that dental attendance was low before 1987 but increased sharply after 2006, coinciding with changes in National Health Service policies. Repeat attenders were more likely to reside in urban or deprived areas.
JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Zhiyuan Zhao, Xuelong Li
Summary: Crowd counting, an essential task in crowd analysis with great significance in public safety, has gained increasing attention recently. Existing methods for crowd counting using convolutional neural networks and density maps fail to accurately represent scale changes caused by perspective effects. To overcome this challenge, we propose a scale-sensitive crowd density map estimation framework, which incorporates adaptive density maps, deformable density map decoders, and auxiliary branches. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, and visualization shows that deformable convolutions capture the scale variation of targets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Albina N. Minlikeeva, Katharine A. Amato, Sarahmona M. Przybyla
Summary: With the growing emphasis on health equity in public health practice and research, ensuring a competent and skilled public health workforce is crucial. The expansion of undergraduate public health programs provides an opportunity to train the next generation of professionals in addressing health disparities and achieving health equity.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ronald Mulinde, Mayank Kaushik, Manik Attygalle, Syed Mahfuzul Aziz
Summary: This article analyzes the performance of two incoherent aggregation techniques for DOA estimation of high chirp-rate LFM signals used in radar and EW applications. Comparison is made between SCM-based aggregation and spatial pseudospectra-based aggregation for single and multiple signal emitters. Results show that SCM-based aggregation performs well for multiple narrowband signal detection, while pseudospectra aggregation is better suited for single wideband emitter detection. Both techniques offer a computational advantage over coherent processing techniques and are suitable for real-time implementation.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Yinsong Wang, Yu Ding, Shahin Shahrampour
Summary: Real-time density estimation is very important in various applications. This article focuses on kernel density estimation and the use of sliding window mechanism in adapting it to dynamic processes. The authors derive an upper bound for the sliding window kernel density estimator and propose a novel estimator called temporal adaptive kernel density estimator (TAKDE) which is theoretically optimal. Experimental results show that TAKDE outperforms other state-of-the-art dynamic density estimators in terms of test log-likelihood and runtime.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lihua Li, Meaghan S. Cuerden, Bian Liu, Salimah Shariff, Arsh K. Jain, Madhu Mazumdar
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review and comparison of three methods to assess the impact of an intervention, with illustration through three healthcare-related applications. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of different methods in various contexts, aiding practitioners in choosing appropriate methods for analyzing intervention effects. The discussion highlights the importance of considering factors such as data structure and study design when selecting the appropriate method.
RISK MANAGEMENT AND HEALTHCARE POLICY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhiang Dong, Xiaoqiang Li
Summary: This paper proposes a novel method called Data-Imbalance Adaptive Age Regression (DIAAR) based on cost-sensitive learning to address the issue of data imbalance in current age estimation datasets. By employing adaptive soft labels and data density smoothing modules, DIAAR effectively deals with data imbalance and improves the accuracy of age estimation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dominique Lescure, Janneke van der Velden, Daan Nieboer, Wilbert van Oorschot, Rob Brouwer, Natascha Huijser van Reenen, Aimee Tjon-A-Tsien, Ozcan Erdem, Margreet Vos, Alike van der Velden, Jan Hendrik Richardus, Helene Voeten
Summary: The study aims to reduce antibiotic prescriptions for respiratory tract infections by providing culturally sensitive communication intervention for GPs and evaluating it in a randomized controlled trial.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Janet Ige-Elegbede, Paul Pilkington, Emma L. Bird, Selena Gray, Jennifer S. Mindell, Michael Chang, Aimee Stimpson, Dominic Gallagher, Carl Petrokofsky
Summary: This study identified barriers and facilitators to integrating health evidence into spatial planning, as well as the awareness and use of the Public Health England 'Spatial Planning for Health' resource. Findings showed high awareness and use of the resource, with key barriers including differences in interpretation and use of evidence, lack of practical evidence locally, and insufficient resources and staff capacity in local authorities. Key facilitators included integrating health into local plans, articulating wider benefits to stakeholders, and simplifying presenting evidence.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)