Article
Microbiology
Xi Wang, Qi Tang, Robert Bergquist, Xiaorong Zhou, Zhiqiang Qin
Summary: By exploring the cytokine levels in the sera of patients infected with Schistosoma japonicum, we found that there were no significant differences in the Th1/Th2 cytokines between chronic schistosomiasis patients and healthy subjects, while patients with advanced schistosomiasis had higher levels of IL-2, IL-23, and IL-27 and lower levels of IL-18 and IFN-gamma. In terms of the Th9/Th17/Th22/Treg cell cytokines, there were higher levels of IL-23. These findings indicate that there is limited variation in the cytokine response in patients with advanced infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah R. Tritsch, Abigail J. Porzucek, Arnold M. Schwartz, Abigale M. Proctor, Richard L. Amdur, Patricia S. Latham, Gary L. Simon, Christopher N. Mores, Aileen Y. Chang
Summary: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) can cause persistent arthritis in patients, but there is no standard treatment available. Preliminary data suggests that decreased IL2 levels and Treg dysfunction may play a role in the development of CHIKV arthritis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Pierre Lemaitre, Samar H. K. Tareen, Emanuela Pasciuto, Loriana Mascali, Araks Martirosyan, Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh, Suresh Poovathingal, James Dooley, Matthew G. Holt, Lidia Yshii, Adrian Liston
Summary: Inflammation and neurodegeneration are common pathological outcomes during aging. Recent studies have shown that T cells accumulate in the brain with age and contribute to inflammatory processes leading to cognitive decline. Researchers have successfully prevented neurological decline in aging mice by delivering IL2 specifically to the brain, restoring cognitive function and spatial learning ability.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ying Xue, Keli Qian, Yinchun Sun, Lang Xiao, Xiaofeng Shi
Summary: The study found that treatment with TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 siRNA significantly increased the expression levels of IFN-gamma, and decreased the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13, indicating that TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 are more effective antifibrotic targets compared to TGF-beta 1.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Julie Y. Zhou, Carlos A. Alvarez, Brian A. Cobb
Summary: Cells integrate concurrent signaling initiated by different cytokines to produce specific responses, and the combinatorial effects of different cytokines can lead to distinct biological outcomes, understanding this signaling pathway is crucial for addressing diseases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaitlin A. Read, Devin M. Jones, Srijana Pokhrel, Emily D. S. Hales, Aditi Varkey, Jasmine A. Tuazon, Caprice D. Eisele, Omar Abdouni, Abbey Saadey, Melissa R. Leonard, Robert T. Warren, Michael D. Powell, Jeremy M. Boss, Emily A. Hemann, Jacob S. Yount, Gang Xin, Hazem E. Ghoneim, Chan-Wang J. Lio, Aharon G. Freud, Patrick L. Collins, Kenneth J. Oestreich
Summary: During intracellular infection, T follicular helper (T-FH) and T helper 1 (T(H)1) cells have different roles in promoting immune responses. This study identifies Aiolos as a crucial regulator of T-FH and CD4-CTL programming. Aiolos deficiency leads to reduced T-FH differentiation and antibody production, while increasing CD4-CTL programming and cytolytic molecule expression.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Zhang, Bo Cheng, Zhong-Wei Wu, Zong-Chao Cui, Yao-Dong Song, San-Yang Chen, Yan-Na Liu, Chang-Ju Zhu
Summary: Increased serum sST2 levels are associated with the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP), and sST2 may be used as a novel inflammatory marker to predict AP severity and regulate IL-33/ST2-mediated Th1 and Th2 lymphocyte function and differentiation in AP homeostasis.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Saori Takamura, Yuichi Teraki
Summary: Investigated the dynamics of cytokine-producing T cells before and after treatment in a patient with bullous pemphigoid (BP), and found that Th2 cells are involved in the pathogenesis of BP, and dupilumab exerts its effect mainly by suppressing Th2 cytokines.
JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Simone Garcovich, Martina Maurelli, Paolo Gisondi, Ketty Peris, Gil Yosipovitch, Giampiero Girolomoni
Summary: Research has shown that inflammation and immune responses play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pruritic skin diseases, with the release of specific cytokines being the main regulators of chronic itch. Skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis and scabies are associated with the most severe pruritus, while in other conditions, type 2 inflammation is less represented and pruritus is milder.
Article
Immunology
Yime Zhang, Luni Hu, Guanqun Ren, Yanyu Zeng, Xingyu Zhao, Chao Zhong
Summary: This study compared the transcriptomes of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and CD4+ T helper (Th) cells using bulk RNA-sequencing data and identified gene sets that distinguish ILCs from Th cells and different immune responses. Chromatin accessibility analysis revealed that ILCs rely more on specific transcriptional regulation at promoter regions compared to Th cells. Additionally, ILCs and Th cells are under differential transcriptional regulation, with ILCs being regulated by multiple transcription factors such as ROR alpha, GATA3, and NF-kappa B, while Th cells are regulated by AP-1. These findings highlight the substantial distinctions in regulatory machineries between ILCs and Th cells, providing a comprehensive understanding of their unique roles during immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jian Yang, Ya-rong Lin, Bo -jun Xiong, Ze-hong Chen, Yu-fei Luo, Ying Xu, Yan-ping Su, Hui-hui Huang, Chang-xi Yu
Summary: Koumine, an alkaloid, has therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and may restore the homeostasis of Th subsets and cytokines by inhibiting T cell activation, subsequently regulating the polarization of Th subsets and the downstream imbalance of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines in RA.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Dermatology
Christian F. Guerrero-Juarez, Parul K. Goyal, Kyle T. Amber
Summary: The use of dupilumab in the treatment of ICI-induced bullous pemphigoid is suggested, but caution is advised regarding the targeted inhibition of the Th2 pathway due to evidence suggesting the beneficial effect of the Th2 response, particularly eosinophilia, on ICI responses, especially in melanoma.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Raghumoy Ghosh, Prasenjit Mitra, P. V. S. N. Kiran Kumar, Taru Goyal, Praveen Sharma
Summary: Depression is a common neuropsychiatric disorder and neuroinflammation may play a significant role in its pathophysiology. Th17 cells are believed to play an important role in depression, but the exact mechanism by which they influence neuroinflammation in depression is not yet fully understood.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Xin Liu, Hui Li
Summary: This systematic review explores the impact of multiple cytokine gene polymorphisms on the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The results show that some cytokine gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk or prevention of periodontitis. IL-1 beta and Treg cytokines play important roles in periodontitis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xindi Wei, Xiaoyin Niu
Summary: Tfh cells, a new subset of CD4+ T cells, mainly express CXCR5 and ICOS surface molecules, secrete IL-21, and require BCL-6 transcription factor. They exist in germinal centers (GCs) of lymphoid organs and peripheral blood, playing critical roles in B cell development, GC formation, and antibody production. Aberrant proliferation and function of Tfh cells contribute to autoimmune diseases, and they can potentially be used as therapeutic targets.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2023)