期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 5, 期 -, 页码 1-6出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00429
关键词
colorectal cancer; toll-like receptors; epithelial to leucocytic transition; ELT; metastasis; immune evasion; cell plasticity; inflammation
类别
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed by immune cells, intestinal epithelium, and tumor cells. In the homeostatic setting, they help to regulate control over invading pathogens and maintain the epithelial lining of the large and small intestines. Aberrant expression of certain TLRs by tumor cells can induce growth inhibition while others contribute to tumongenesis and progression. Activation of these TLRs can induce inflammation, tumor cell proliferation, immune evasion, local invasion, and distant metastasis. These TLR-influenced behaviors have similarities with properties observed in leukocytes, suggesting that tumors may be hijacking immune programs to become more aggressive. The concept of epithelial to leucocyte-transition (ELT) is proposed, akin to epithelial to mesenchymal transition, in which tumors develop the ability to activate leucocyte traits otherwise inaccessible to epithelial cells. Understanding the mechanisms of ELT could lead to novel therapeutic strategies for inhibiting tumor metastasis.
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