Review
Cell Biology
Claudia C. S. Chini, Julianna D. Zeidler, Sonu Kashyap, Gina Warner, Eduardo Nunes Chini
Summary: NAD and NADP have diverse roles beyond co-factors in oxidation-reduction reactions, including signaling pathways, post-translational modifications, epigenetic changes, and RNA regulation. Recent studies have shown that NAD metabolism is highly dynamic with a short halflife in some tissues, and new concepts are emerging in the roles of NAD pathway metabolites in various disease states. Resolving open questions in NAD biology will lead to significant advancements in the field.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Laurent Dercle, Shawn Sun, Romain-David Seban, Ahmed Mekki, Roger Sun, Lambros Tselikas, Sophie Hans, Alice Bernard-Tessier, Fadila Mihoubi Bouvier, Nicolas Aide, Laetitia Vercellino, Alexia Rivas, Antoine Girard, Fatima-Zohra Mokrane, Guillaume Manson, Roch Houot, Egesta Lopci, Randy Yeh, Samy Ammari, Lawrence H. Schwartz
Summary: Criteria based on measurements of lesion diameter at CT have guided treatment with historical therapies due to the strong association between tumor size and survival. Clinical experience with immune checkpoint modulators shows that editing immune system function can be effective in various solid tumors. However, the emergence of novel immune-related phenomena challenges the association of tumor size with response or progression, presenting new demands for imaging to guide treatment decisions. Hence, further research on imaging techniques is crucial.
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul W. Armstrong, Eric R. Bates, Mario Gaudino
Summary: Advancements in the management of coronary artery disease have challenged the traditional role of coronary artery bypass graft surgery with the less invasive percutaneous coronary interventional approach. Optimal medical therapy now provides a range of treatment options. However, patients with LMCA narrowing between 40% and 69% present a more complex scenario.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Rami S. Kantar, Allyson R. Alfonso, Gustave K. Diep, Zoe P. Berman, William J. Rifkin, J. Rodrigo Diaz-Siso, Michael Sosin, Bruce E. Gelb, Daniel J. Ceradini, Eduardo D. Rodriguez
Summary: This article discusses the principles and evolving concepts in facial transplantation, highlighting the significant advances in the field over the past two decades. Facial transplantation has now become the top choice for patients with extensive facial disfigurement in pursuit of optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes.
PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Nicholas D. Cober, M. Martin VandenBroek, Mark L. Ormiston, Duncan J. Stewart
Summary: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a deadly disease characterized by imbalances in pulmonary endothelial cells. Endothelial cell apoptosis and the imbalance between injury and repair may play a crucial role in the development of PAH, making endothelial cells a major target for therapeutic interventions. Arterial pruning and endothelial injury contribute to occlusive arterial remodeling in PAH. Endothelial cell senescence and the effects of female sex hormones on arterial changes in PAH are complex.
Review
Plant Sciences
Christine H. Foyer, Guy Hanke
Summary: ROS like singlet oxygen, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide serve as markers of living cells and are produced abundantly during oxygenic photosynthesis. These ROS act as signals within chloroplasts, influencing cellular processes and redox signaling pathways. The challenge lies in understanding the organized delivery of regulated ROS from the photosynthetic electron transport chain to transmit redox signals from the environment to the nucleus, with stromal carbohydrate metabolism also playing a key role in chloroplast signaling pathways.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Mari Perez-Rosendahl, Tahseen Mozaffar
Summary: This review discusses recent developments in the understanding of epidemiology, diagnostics, biomarkers, pathology, pathogenesis, outcome measures, and therapeutics in inclusion body myositis (IBM). Recent epidemiology data confirms a higher prevalence in the population above 50 years old and a reduced life expectancy. The association with cancer and other systemic disorders is better defined. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound in diagnosis and disease progression has been elucidated. New blood and imaging biomarkers show promise for diagnosis and outcome measures in therapeutic trials. Improved understanding of the disease's pathogenesis will lead to better therapeutic interventions.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Allergy
Kelsey L. Auyeung, Brian S. Kim
Summary: This review discusses the multiple etiologies of chronic pruritus and the recent advances in understanding the molecular and cellular basis of these pathologies. It also clarifies the terminologies related to neuroimmune itch circuits and proposes novel therapeutic strategies for these disorders.
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Rheumatology
Megan R. W. Barber, Sindhu R. Johnson, Dafna D. Gladman, Ann E. Clarke, Ian N. Bruce
Summary: The SDI has been widely utilized for 25 years to assess organ damage in systemic lupus patients, but its limitations have prompted a global initiative to develop a revised and updated version to better capture organ damage across different age groups.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Jan Bakker, Eduardo Kattan, Djillali Annane, Ricardo Castro, Maurizio Cecconi, Daniel de Backer, Arnaldo Dubin, Laura Evans, Michelle Ng Gong, Olfa Hamzaoui, Can Ince, Bruno Levy, Xavier Monnet, Gustavo A. Ospina Tascon, Marlies Ostermann, Michal R. Pinsky, James A. Russell, Bernd Saugel, Thomas W. L. Scheeren, Jean-Louis Teboul, Antoine Vieillard Baron, Jean-Louis Vincent, Fernando G. Zampieri, Glenn Hernandez
Summary: Clinical and pathophysiological understanding of septic shock has advanced significantly in recent decades, leading to a gradual reduction in morbidity and mortality. While large randomized controlled trials have addressed key aspects of septic shock resuscitation, there are still many unanswered questions. This review focuses on current standards of septic shock resuscitation and evolving concepts, providing insights into potential research opportunities.
INTENSIVE CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fredzzia Graterol Torres, Maria Molina, Jordi Soler-Majoral, Gregorio Romero-Gonzalez, Nestor Rodriguez Chitiva, Maribel Troya-Saborido, Guillem Socias Rullan, Elena Burgos, Javier Paul Martinez, Marina Urrutia Jou, Carles Canameras, Josep Riera Sadurni, Anna Vila, Jordi Bover
Summary: Despite advancements in patient care and treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD), the incidence of malnutrition disorders in CKD has remained unchanged. The increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress contribute to a proinflammatory environment in CKD patients, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Nutritional-inflammatory biomarkers have been explored as predictors of malnutrition, but further standardization is needed.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David Stephen Prince, Emily Nash, Ken Liu
Summary: Alcohol is a major cause of liver disease globally, and ALD encompasses a range of clinical entities from asymptomatic steatosis to cirrhosis. Collaborative approaches and a variety of therapeutic interventions are necessary for the evaluation and management of ALD. Recent innovations, including the use of alcohol consumption biomarkers, are explored.
Review
Immunology
Marcia S. Pereira, Martin A. Kriegel
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are complex, multifactorial disorders characterized by polygenic traits and various environmental factors. The human microbiome plays an increasing role in the multistep pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. This article summarizes the latest research on the cellular and molecular interactions between the microbiota and the host. It reviews how pathobionts evolve within the gut and trigger autoimmune pathways through various mechanisms, leading to the development of unconventional therapeutic approaches for autoimmune diseases.
CURRENT OPINION IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christina Malainou, Shifaa M. Abdin, Nico Lachmann, Ulric Matt, Susanne Herold
Summary: Alveolar macrophages (AMs) play a crucial role in lung diseases and their therapeutic potential requires addressing the conflict between inflammation and antibacterial responses, as well as identifying key signaling hubs for targeted interventions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yue Zhuo, Meng Li, Qiyao Jiang, Hanzhong Ke, Qingchun Liang, Ling-Feng Zeng, Jiansong Fang
Summary: This article summarizes the known TCM-derived terpenoids for the treatment of osteoporosis, discusses their mechanisms of action, and evaluates their therapeutic potential for osteoporosis treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)