Genomics, cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels and new targets for the control of insect pests and vectors

Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels (cysLGICs) play roles in the nervous system. They consist of five subunits arranged around a central ion channel with each subunit being encoded for by a separate gene. In insects, the cysLGIC superfamily commonly consists of 21-25 genes giving rise to several receptor classes such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and GABA receptors. Insect cysLGICs are of interest as they are the target of insecticides. Analyses of genome sequences have identified cysLGIC gene superfamilies from different species including crop pests, disease vectors and beneficial insects. This review explores recent studies that have pushed forward our knowledge about this superfamily and considers the potential of developing improved strategies to control insect pests whilst sparing non-target organisms.