Article
Immunology
Jen-Chieh Lee, Yuan -Pin Hung, Bo -Yang Tsai, Pei -Jane Tsai, Wen -Chien Ko
Summary: Severe CDIs in the ICU were not rare in this study. The ileus group tended to have more severe presentation, with severe and fulminant CDIs accounting for 65.2% and an ICU mortality rate of 39.1%. Clinicians should be aware of abdominal symptoms and signs other than diarrhea, such as ileus, for timely diagnosis and management of CDI.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Declan Bolton, Pilar Marcos
Summary: The recent discovery of the same Clostridioides difficile ribotypes associated with human infection in a broad range of environments, animals, and foods, suggests that this pathogen may be transmitted through food. A review of the literature found that multiple ribotypes, including hypervirulent strains, have been detected in meat and vegetable food products, carrying pathogenic genes. A meta-analysis of the data suggests a higher risk of exposure to all ribotypes when consuming shellfish or pork, with the latter being the main foodborne route for the hypervirulent strains causing most human illnesses. Managing the risk of foodborne CDI is challenging due to multiple transmission routes and the resistance of C. difficile endospores to treatments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Nadia Diniz, Loren Nery Fontoura Moura, Diogo Soares Goncalves Cruz, Carlos Augusto Oliveira Junior, Henrique Cesar Pereira Figueiredo, Joao Luis Reis Cunha, Eduardo Garcia Vilela, Edward J. Kuijper, Mark H. Wilcox, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a global healthcare problem, and new strains continue to emerge. This study characterized three novel Brazilian clade 2 strains of C. difficile and conducted a two-year survey in animals and humans. The results suggest that these new clade 2 strains have virulence potential and continue to emerge in Brazil.
Article
Microbiology
Jessica M. Chisholm, Papanin Putsathit, Thomas V. Riley, Su-Chen Lim
Summary: This study reveals the common presence of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Western Australia, which are being released into the environment and becoming a potential source/reservoir for community-associated C. difficile infection (CA-CDI).
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Karla Cautivo-Reyes, Daniel R. Knight, Deborah Bowie, Benjamin Moreira-Grez, Andrew S. Whiteley, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: The high prevalence and diversity of Clostridium difficile in Australian soils suggest that soils play a role in the survival and dissemination of this organism, potentially contributing to its transmission among native wildlife, production animals, and in community and hospital settings.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mehdi Borhani, Saeid Fathi, Majid Fasihi Harandi, Sami Simsek, Haroon Ahmed, Xiaoxia Wu, Mingyuan Liu
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of Trichinella sp. infection in humans and animals in Iran and Turkey, as well as measures for prevention and control. The research found two cases of human trichinellosis caused by the consumption of wild boar meat in northern Iran. It was also observed that golden jackals in Iran and both domesticated and wild pigs and gray wolves in Turkey are frequently infected. However, data on the distribution of Trichinella taxa in Turkey are still fragmentary.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Malin Inghammar, Henrik Svanstrom, Marianne Voldstedlund, Mads Melbye, Anders Hviid, Kare Molbak, Bjorn Pasternak
Summary: In a nationwide study among adults in Denmark, it was found that the use of PPIs is associated with a moderately increased risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection. The elevated risk remained up to 1 year after the end of PPI treatment.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Young Il Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Yang Soo Kim, Chan Wook Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Jin Cheon Kim
Summary: Adjuvant chemotherapy and colorectal anastomosis leakage increase the risk of Clostridium difficile infection, and patients with Clostridium difficile infection also have a higher risk of anastomosis leakage after rectal surgery.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiaojiao Xie, Mingfei Yao, Yanmeng Lu, Mengjia Yu, Shengyi Han, David J. McClements, Hang Xiao, Lanjuan Li
Summary: The study demonstrated that encapsulating Li05 within gastro-responsive microgels can enhance its efficacy in preventing and treating CDI by improving viability, release, and gut microbial diversity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sri Riyati Sugiarto, Diana Natalia, Dayang Shuaisah Awang Mohamad, Nawal Rosli, Wendy A. Davis, J. Kevin Baird, Balbir Singh, Iqbal Elyazar, Paul C. S. Divis, Timothy M. E. Davis
Summary: The predominant simian parasite known as Plasmodium knowlesi causing human malaria infection is found in Malaysian Borneo but there are few cases reported in Indonesian Borneo. To investigate the prevalence of P. knowlesi, a community-based malaria screening study was conducted in Kapuas Hulu District, West Kalimantan. The results suggest that P. knowlesi is rare in this area compared to geographically adjacent areas of Malaysian Borneo. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for this disparity and to gather more data on monkey hosts and Anopheles mosquito vectors in Indonesian Borneo.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
S. Gnat, D. Lagowski, A. Nowakiewicz, M. Dylag
Summary: This paper discusses the global status of infectious diseases, focusing on the increasing trend of opportunistic fungal infections and the characteristics of various pathogens. It also introduces the etiology, epidemiology, and symptoms of fungal infections.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre A. Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that Clostridium difficile infection is mainly imported from the community into hospitals rather than spreading within the healthcare system. These findings suggest that developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sicilia Perumalsamy, Thomas Riley
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a prominent cause of gastrointestinal illness in adults, and has been increasingly reported as a cause of a broad spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases in children in recent years. Despite described strains causing CDI in children, there is limited information on specific C. difficile strains.
JOURNAL OF THE PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Monise Magro, Jon Rosenberg, Erin Epson
Summary: This study evaluated a method to identify hospitals that may contribute to Clostridioides difficile infections at subsequent hospitalizations. Findings suggested that some hospitals had higher CDI rates than expected, potentially linked to factors such as antibiotic use and infection control practices.
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Brian Kullin, Deirdre A. Collins, Papanin Putsathit, Pattarachai Kiratisin, Thomas Riley
EXPERT REVIEW OF ANTI-INFECTIVE THERAPY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Deirdre A. Collins, Kyung Mok Sohn, Yuan Wu, Kentaro Ouchi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Briony Elliott, Thomas V. Riley, Kazuhiro Tateda, Michael Leung, David McGechie, Alison Keed, Haihui Huang, Fei Liu, Yao-Zong Yuan, Kaichun Wu, Zhihua Ran, Yunsong Yu, Jinghang Xu, Ye Chen, Owen Tak Yin Tsang, Sunny Hei Wong, Ivan Fan Ngai Hung, Srinivasa Madaiah, Nagarjuna Yarlagadda, Phillip Abraham, Pravin Gare, Muhammad Hussein Gasem, Shinya Kusachi, Makoto Nagashima, Soo Jung Park, Sungmin Kiem, Christopher K. C. Lee, Jayaram Menon, Ting Soo Chow, Myrna Mendoza, Randy Mercado, Marilyn Arguillas, Raul Destura, David Ong Eng Hui, Ang Tiing Leong, Ling Khoon Lin, Yi-Hui Wu, Po-Ren Hsueh, Yuarn-Jang Lee, Jen-Hsien Wang, Yao-Shen Chen, Wen-Chien Ko, Chomsri Kositchaiwat, Varocha Mahachai, Naichaya Chamroonkul, Nguyen Van Kinh, Le Thanh Hai, Hoang Le Phuc
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Tanya Lew, Papanin Putsathit, Kyung Mok Sohn, Yuan Wu, Kentaro Ouchi, Yoshikazu Ishii, Kazuhiro Tateda, Thomas Riley, Deirdre A. Collins
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2020)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Deirdre A. Collins, Yuan Wu, Kazuhiro Tateda, Hee-Jung Kim, Richard J. Vickers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that ridinilazole has potent activity against various Asian strains of C. difficile, many of which displayed resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. It is crucial to continue surveillance and control the spread of resistant strains to prevent the indiscriminate use of antimicrobial agents from worsening the situation.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. S. Tai, P. Putsathit, L. Eng, K. Imwattana, D. A. Collins, S. Mulrennan, T. Riley
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic C. difficile in adults with CF, comparable to the symptomatic CF population, with no evidence of direct person-to-person transmission.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Deirdre A. Collins, Stephen Marcella, Michael Campbell, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study aimed to determine the incidence rates and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in Perth, Western Australia. The results showed a high incidence of CDI, with female patients experiencing a higher risk. The dominant molecular type of CDI was RT 014/020, but there was also high strain diversity, suggesting exposure to multiple reservoirs.
Article
Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Korakrit Imwattana, Papanin Putsathit, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study found a close relationship between environmental Clostridium difficile isolates and those from humans, possibly indicating an environmental transmission route. Toxigenic strains isolated from water sources were mainly of the 014/020 ribotype, with susceptibility to most antibiotics. High-resolution core-genome analysis revealed recent genetic relationships between human and water isolates.
ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre A. Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that Clostridium difficile infection is mainly imported from the community into hospitals rather than spreading within the healthcare system. These findings suggest that developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a urgent threat to patients worldwide, and recurrent CDI remains a high risk due to disruption of the gut microbiota. Traditional therapy with vancomycin and metronidazole carries a high risk of recurrence, leading to the development of novel narrow spectrum antimicrobial agents like fidaxomicin and ridinilazole. Ridinilazole shows promising results in vitro and in animal models, and phase I and II clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy and superiority over vancomycin in reducing recurrence of CDI. Phase III trials are currently ongoing to further evaluate its potential in reducing recurrent CDI and its impact on healthcare systems.
LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Phuong Thi Pham, Ha Thi Thu Nguyen, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in children with diarrhea in Vietnam. The results showed a high prevalence of C. difficile, but a comparatively low proportion of toxigenic strains.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Korakrit Imwattana, Papanin Putsathit, Deirdre A. Collins, Teera Leepattarakit, Pattarachai Kiratisin, Thomas Riley, Daniel R. Knight
Summary: Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype (RT) 017 is one of the most successful strains of C. difficile globally, and its global dissemination time and key factors have been determined through high-resolution genomic and Bayesian evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, the study found that C. difficile RT 017 may have been spreading between Asia and Europe since the Middle Ages and was introduced to North America in the 19th century.
MICROBIAL GENOMICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This study evaluated the epidemiology, molecular characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of C. difficile isolated from adults with diarrhoea in Vietnam. The overall prevalence of C. difficile was 15.1%, with 9.8% being toxigenic strains and 6.3% being non-toxigenic strains. The prevalence of multidrug resistance was 27.3%. Rating: 8 out of 10.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Peng An Khun, Long Duc Phi, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Nguyen Thi Bui, Quyen Thi Huyen Vu, Luong Duy Trinh, Deirdre A. Collins, Thomas Riley
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence, molecular type, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridioides difficile in the environment in Vietnam. It found that the overall contamination rate of C. difficile was 24.5%, with the highest prevalence in pig farm and hospital soils. C. difficile was also found in pig feces and potato surfaces. These findings highlight the importance of environmental sources in the epidemiology of C. difficile infection in Vietnam.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yun Luo, Elaine Cheong, Qiao Bian, Deirdre A. Collins, Julian Ye, Jeong Hwan Shin, Wing Cheong Yam, Tohru Takata, Xiaojun Song, Xianjun Wang, Mini Kamboj, Thomas Gottlieb, Jianmin Jiang, Thomas Riley, Yi-Wei Tang, Dazhi Jin
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Deirdre A. Collins, Kerry C. Carson, Thomas Riley
INFECTION DISEASE & HEALTH
(2019)