Review
Immunology
Ting Gu, Wen Li, Li-Li Yang, Si-Min Yang, Qian He, Hai-Yu He, Da-Li Sun
Summary: This study systematically assessed the methodological quality of guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and found that the quality varied. The recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of CDI in the guidelines were heterogeneous, with some recommendations lacking evidence and relying on low-level evidence. There is also a lack of unified classification criteria for the severity of CDI. Guideline developers need to improve these factors to further update the guidelines.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bowen Jiang, Dongyue Yu, Yongrong Zhang, Therwa Hamza, Hanping Feng, Stephen W. W. Hoag
Summary: This study described a multi-particulate delivery system encapsulating a tetra-valent antibody ABAB-IgG1 for the treatment of CDI. The cecum injection of ABAB-IgG1 into the lower GI tract of mice was shown to relieve symptoms, improve clinical scores, and enhance survival rates during CDI. The antibody was spray layered onto mannitol beads and enteric coated with pH-sensitive polymers for colon-targeting release.
PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Emmanuel Nwachuku, Yizhi Shan, Prabhu Senthil-Kumar, Todd Braun, Ryan Shadis, Orlando Kirton, Thai Q. Vu
Summary: This case series reports 9 surgical patients with CDI who did not experience diarrhea prior to diagnosis. While all patients tested positive for C. difficile toxin, some presented with minimal bowel movements or constipation instead. These findings highlight the importance of considering CDI as a potential diagnosis in patients with atypical gastrointestinal symptoms even in the absence of diarrhea.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Bilal Ahmed Abbasi, Aishwarya Dharan, Astha Mishra, Devansh Saraf, Irsad Ahamad, Prashanth Suravajhala, Jayaraman Valadi
Summary: In this study, the genomes of six strains of Clostridium difficile were annotated and characterized using in silico approaches. The functional properties of proteins involved in the pathophysiology of the disease were identified, providing valuable information for understanding the biological nature of the strains and developing pharmaceutical targets.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Tijerina-Rodriguez, Elvira Garza-Gonzalez, Adrian Martinez-Melendez, Rayo Morfin-Otero, Adrian Camacho-Ortiz, Esteban Gonzalez-Diaz, Hector Raul Perez-Gomez, Licet Villarreal-Trevino, Hector Maldonado-Garza, Sergio Esparza-Ahumada, Eduardo Rodriguez-Noriega
Summary: This study evaluated risk factors associated with severe-complicated and recurrent outcomes in different age groups of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients. Female gender and lymphoma were identified as risk factors for severe-complicated CDI, while mature adulthood, previous rifampicin use, and neoplasm were risk factors for recurrent infection. Autoimmune disorders, leukemia, lymphoma, and previous colistin treatment were found to be risk factors for 30-day mortality.
BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Silvia Vazquez-Cuesta, Laura Villar, Nuria Lozano Garcia, Ana I. Fernandez, Maria Olmedo, Luis Alcala, Mercedes Marin, Patricia Munoz, Emilio Bouza, Elena Reigadas
Summary: This study aimed to explore the role of the microbiome as a predictive biomarker of CDI. The researchers found differences in microbiome patterns between CDI patients, C. difficile carriers, healthy individuals, and patients with diarrhea of other causes, and identified potential microbiome biomarkers that could aid in the diagnosis of true CDI infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Piccioni, Federico Rosa, Federica Manca, Giulia Pignataro, Christian Zanza, Gabriele Savioli, Marcello Covino, Veronica Ojetti, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesco Franceschi, Marcello Candelli
Summary: The composition of the human microbiome plays a crucial role in health, and alterations in the microbiota can lead to Clostridium difficile infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aleksandra Sierocka, Zofia Kiersnowska, Ewelina Lemiech-Mirowska, Michal Marczak
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection leads to prolonged hospital stays and increased healthcare costs, posing a significant financial burden on the healthcare system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Christopher W. Mangieri, Jeffrey A. Ling, David M. Modlin, Elizabeth D. Rose, Pamela L. Burgess
Summary: The study supports the routine use of combined bowel preparation in colorectal surgery to optimize post-operative outcomes, indicating that it does not increase the risk of CDI and in fact is protective. Additionally, it may decrease the risk of sepsis and mortality.
SURGICAL ENDOSCOPY AND OTHER INTERVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
D. Alexander Perry, Daniel Shirley, Dejan Micic, C. Pratish Patel, Rosemary Putler, Anitha Menon, Vincent B. Young, Krishna Rao
Summary: None of the published CDI severity scores showed stable and good predictive ability for adverse outcomes across multiple centers. The existing scoring systems have poor predictive ability for CDI severity.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
M. Skally, K. Bennett, K. Burns, R. Brennan, C. Finn, K. O'Connell, B. Dinesh, S. O'Donnella, W. Fawley, M. Wilcox, H. Humphreys, F. Fitzpatrick
Summary: This retrospective study investigated the data of hospitalized patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in an Irish tertiary hospital over 10 years. CDI remained a major cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea, with a recurrent rate of 9%. Most infections occurred during hospitalization, and there was a higher likelihood of infection in female patients. Despite key events and increased hospital activity, there was no significant change in the incidence of healthcare-associated CDI, while community-associated CDI reached its highest point in a decade in 2021.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Liqian Wang, Danyang Li, Zixi Chen, Liuqing He, Xianjun Wang, Liang Tao
Summary: An unusual case of monomicrobial Clostridioides difficile septicemia was reported in a patient without overt gastrointestinal symptoms. The strain isolated from the blood sample was different from the one in the stool, suggesting a potential invasion through the root canal after a recent tooth extraction. Oral C. difficile colonization may be a risk factor for severe C. difficile septicemia.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Su-Chen Lim, Deirdre A. Collins, Korakrit Imwattana, Daniel R. Knight, Sicilia Perumalsamy, Natasza M. R. Hain-Saunders, Papanin Putsathit, David Speers, Thomas Riley
Summary: The study found that Clostridium difficile infection is mainly imported from the community into hospitals rather than spreading within the healthcare system. These findings suggest that developing community-based infection prevention and control strategies could significantly lower rates of CDI in the hospital setting.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alaa Atamna, Tanya Babich, Ili Margalit, Tomer Avni, Haim Ben Zvi, Noa-Eliakim Raz, Dafna Yahav, Jihad Bishara
Summary: After studying elderly patients with CDI, it was found that the traditional definition of CDI severity did not accurately predict poor outcomes in this population. Instead, advanced dementia and low albumin may be more accurate predictors.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)