Review
Immunology
Negar Sadeghi Hassanabadi, Bieke Broux, Sonja Marinovic, Dagmar Gotthardt
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune disease with millions of patients worldwide. Recent studies have shown that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), in addition to T cells, play a role in the disease pathology. However, the exact role of ILCs in MS is still controversial.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hongdong Song, Qingyu Wang, Zhuwei Shao, Xinyue Wang, Hongwei Cao, Kai Huang, Qiqi Sun, Zhenliang Sun, Xiao Guan
Summary: The satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is important for appetite inhibition and is regulated by dietary components. This study found that buckwheat protein digest (BPD) can stimulate CCK secretion both in vitro and in vivo. It also identified five novel CCK-releasing peptides in BPD, which have a sequence length range of 6-8 and marked hydrophobicity. This research provides important insights into the ability of BPD to stimulate CCK secretion and the structural characteristics of bioactive peptides.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Magdalini Mischopoulou, Mario D'Ambrosio, Elisabetta Bigagli, Cristina Luceri, Gianrico Farrugia, Gianluca Cipriani
Summary: This review focuses on the role of muscularis macrophages (MMs) in gastrointestinal function and their interaction with other cell types. It also highlights the critical role of mast cells in normal and diseased GI physiology.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Benjamin Crooks, Nikoleta S. Stamataki, John T. McLaughlin
Summary: The enteroendocrine system in the gastrointestinal tract is the largest endocrine system in the human body, primarily regulating digestion and absorption of nutrients through effects on intestinal secretions and motility. While gut peptides produced by enteroendocrine cells play a crucial role in appetite regulation, their impact may not be dominant and can be influenced by various factors such as hedonic drive and neurocognitive factors. In gastrointestinal diseases, higher levels of these hormones may have a more significant impact on appetite regulation and contribute to unpleasant symptoms, potentially as part of an innate response to injury. Further research is needed to better understand appetite control mechanisms and utilize the therapeutic potential of the enteroendocrine system in gastrointestinal diseases and obesity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andreanna Burman, Izumi Kaji
Summary: The small intestine plays a major role in nutrient sensing, with taste receptors responding to specific ligands like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Activation of nutrient sensors helps in processing incoming nutrients and defects can lead to metabolic disorders. Recent studies focus on mechanisms related to intestinal nutrient sensors and their roles in disease.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Angharad Vernon-Roberts, India Alexander, Andrew S. Day
Summary: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are common in children, with varying prevalence rates across different age groups. The most common types of FGID differ among infants, toddlers, and older children, serving as benchmark and comparative data for the general population and those with comorbid conditions.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Mazzoni, M. Zampiga, P. Clavenzani, G. Lattanzio, C. Tagliavia, F. Sirri
Summary: This study evaluates the effects of chronic heat stress on the morphological and morphometric features of the gastrointestinal tract and the expression of enteroendocrine cells in broiler chickens. The results show that heat stress induces morphological changes in the gastrointestinal tract and affects the expression of enteroendocrine cells.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Geraldine Leader, Cathal Abberton, Stephen Cunningham, Katie Gilmartin, Margo Grudzien, Emily Higgins, Lokesh Joshi, Sally Whelan, Arlene Mannion
Summary: This systematic review provides an updated understanding of the relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adolescents. The review found that GIS were common and that there was conflicting evidence concerning their relationship with co-occurring conditions. It also identified evidence of some causal relationships that support the existence of the gut-immune-brain pathways. Future research needs to use large prospective designs and objective and standardized GIS measurements to provide a nuanced understanding of GIS in the context of ASD.
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Quintero, Erdem Bangi
Summary: This study introduces a genetic platform called PromoterSwitch, which generates large transformed clones derived from individual adult Drosophila intestinal stem/progenitor cells. The research shows that common genetic alterations associated with colon tumors disrupt cell fate decisions and lead to the emergence of abnormal cell fates. Additionally, the study reveals that transformed enteroendocrine cells support tumor growth by regulating intestinal stem cell proliferation through genotype-dependent mechanisms, suggesting potential vulnerabilities for therapy.
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Lorenzo Romano, Lucia Granata, Ferdinando Fusco, Luigi Napolitano, Rosa Cerbone, Kateryna Priadko, Carmine Sciorio, Vincenzo Mirone, Marco Romano
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the prevalence and pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction in patients with chronic gastrointestinal and liver disorders. Many gastrointestinal disorders are associated with sexual dysfunction, mainly due to the psychological and physiological changes caused by the diseases themselves, as well as chronic proinflammatory conditions. Therefore, a thorough evaluation of sexual function should be included in the clinical assessment to timely diagnose and treat sexual dysfunction in these patients.
SEXUAL MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Kai Huang, Qingyu Wang, Hongdong Song, Hongwei Cao, Xiao Guan
Summary: This study demonstrated the ability of highland barley protein digest to stimulate CCK secretion and identified the bioactive peptides involved. Rating: 7 out of 10 points
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alina Kanikowska, Susanne Janisz, Dorota Mankowska-Wierzbicka, Marcin Gabryel, Agnieszka Dobrowolska, Piotr Eder
Summary: The incidence of food hypersensitivity has increased dramatically in both children and adults. It is important for gastroenterologists and other healthcare professionals to be aware of the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment possibilities of food hypersensitivity. Diagnosis is primarily based on medical history and sensitivity tests. Elimination diet and pharmacologic treatment are common therapeutic approaches.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Denise Hofman, Urszula Kudla, Mohamad Miqdady, Thi Viet Ha Nguyen, Sofia Moran-Ramos, Yvan Vandenplas
Summary: This systematic review examines the differences in fecal microbiota between infants and young children with FGIDs and healthy controls. Despite methodological limitations, the data suggest alterations in microbial diversity, stability, and colonization patterns in FGIDs patients. Increases in pathogenic bacteria and decreases in beneficial bacteria are observed in colicky infants and children with functional constipation.
Article
Cell Biology
Ada Koo, Linda J. Fothergill, Hirofumi Kuramoto, John B. Furness
Summary: 5-HT containing enteroendocrine cells (EEC) play important roles in regulating gut functions, with distinct morphologies and hormone expression patterns in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract. They can be identified by features such as morphology, hormone content, and lineage, but their relationship with nerve fibers varies among different gut regions.
HISTOCHEMISTRY AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anthony J. Treichel, Isabelle Finholm, Kaitlyn R. Knutson, Constanza Alcaino, Sara T. Whiteman, Matthew R. Brown, Aleksey Matveyenko, Andrew Wegner, Halil Kacmaz, Arnaldo Mercado-Perez, Gabriella Bedekovicsne Gajdos, Tamas Ordog, Madhusudan Grover, Joseph Szurszewski, David R. Linden, Gianrico Farrugia, Arthur Beyder
Summary: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has intrinsic tactile sensitivity mediated by Piezo2+ EECs, allowing it to detect luminal forces and physical properties of luminal contents to modulate physiology.