Review
Oncology
Sepideh Mirzaei, Mohammad Hossein Gholami, Kiavash Hushmandi, Farid Hshemi, Amirhossein Zabolian, Israel Canadas, Ali Zarrabi, Noushin Nabavi, Amir Reza Aref, Francesco Crea, Yuzhuo Wang, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Alan Prem Kumar
Summary: Non-coding RNAs play significant roles in cancer progression by regulating the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Different types of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, lncRNAs, and CircRNAs, modulate EZH2 expression through various mechanisms, affecting downstream signaling pathways and therapy response. These mechanisms have important implications for cancer research and treatment.
JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Chi-Hsien Liu, Cheng-Han Lin, Yi-Jun Chen, Wei-Chi Wu, Chun-Chao Wang
Summary: Nucleic acids have potential for treating diseases but face challenges in cellular uptake. This study developed a new carrier, MNP-CA-PEI, for efficient delivery of nucleic acids into cells, enhancing gene silencing efficiency. The nanoparticles could be magnetically triggered to deliver DNA plasmids and siRNA, improving gene knockdowns in different cell lines.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Marie Isenmann, Martin James Stoddart, Rainer Schmelzeisen, Christian Gross, Elena Della Bella, Rene Marcel Rothweiler
Summary: Since its discovery in 1989, RNA interference (RNAi) has become a widely used tool for downregulating specific gene expression in molecular biological research. Different small RNAs and delivery methods are available for in vitro cell culture to regulate gene expression by mimicking RNAi-machinery. Understanding their basic mode of action is crucial due to different off-target effects and limitations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Betul Celik, Kader Cicek, Andres Felipe Leal, Shunji Tomatsu
Summary: Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor affecting adolescents and young adults, requiring the development of novel targeted therapies for relapse cases. RNA interference technologies show promise in cancer treatment by silencing overexpressed genes to induce apoptosis in tumor cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Li Zhang, Wan Zhang, Hang Peng, Yankun Li, Tongtong Leng, Chenxi Xie, Long Zhang
Summary: The study utilized oral shRNA/yeast microcapsules to treat overweight mice, resulting in reduced body weight and fat weight. The IL-1 beta shRNA/yeast group showed higher food intake but lower energy conversion rate compared to the control group. Improvement in lipid metabolism related cytokines and blood glucose concentration was observed after treatment.
Review
Plant Sciences
M. Malavika, Ved Prakash, Supriya Chakraborty
Summary: This review explores various factors involved in promoting symptom recovery in plants post-virus infection, including epigenetics, transcriptional reprogramming, phytohormones, and RNA silencing. It also discusses the influence of abiotic factors such as temperature. Plants utilize different strategies, including adaptive immunity and production of small-interfering RNA, to defend against virus infection and establish a virus tolerant state by targeting viral genes and degrading viral transcripts. This leads to a reduction in symptom development and the establishment of tolerance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinmo Koo, Dhandapani Gurusamy, Subba Reddy Palli
Summary: There is limited success in using exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to trigger RNA interference (RNAi) in insects. Instead, long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is used to induce gene knockdown in insects. In this study, the potency of si/sh RNAs and dsRNA was compared in Colorado potato beetle (CPB) cells. CPB cells showed a highly efficient RNAi response to dsRNA, but si/sh RNAs were inefficient in triggering RNAi in CPB cells.
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sarah J. Shepherd, Claude C. Warzecha, Sagar Yadavali, Rakan El-Mayta, Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh, Lili Wang, Drew Weissman, James M. Wilson, David Issadore, Michael J. Mitchell
Summary: The study presents a scalable, parallelized microfluidic device (PMD) that can simultaneously operate 128 mixing channels, achieving over 100 times production rate compared to traditional methods for lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Results demonstrate superior delivery of LNPS generated using PMD in mice, showing potential for emerging clinical applications such as RNA therapeutics and vaccines.
Article
Polymer Science
Eun-Ju Jeong, Jangwook Lee, Hyun-Seung Kim, Kuen-Yong Lee
Summary: The introduction of oligoarginine peptide to glycol chitosan improved its solubility and resulted in enhanced transfection efficiency in vitro while maintaining low cytotoxicity. The oligoarginine-modified glycol chitosan may serve as a potential gene carrier in therapeutic applications.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Walhan Alshaer, Hadil Zureigat, Arwa Al Karaki, Abdulfattah Al-Kadash, Lobna Gharaibeh, Ma'mon M. Hatmal, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Abdalla Awidi
Summary: siRNA functions in gene silencing and targets disease-related genes, yet it faces issues such as low cellular uptake and susceptibility to degradation, requiring a carrier for protection and delivery.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ying Liu, Xin Wang, Hanjun Chen, Tingting Wu, Yu Cao, Zhihong Liu
Summary: Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a promising strategy for cancer treatment, but its efficiency is limited by insufficient intracellular H2O2 level. This study presents a method to enhance CDT by silencing the CAT gene to accumulate H2O2 in tumor cells. Cu-siRNA nanocomposites are fabricated and modified with HA for active tumor targeting. Cu+ is generated by reduction of released Cu2+ by GSH, which then catalyzes H2O2 to produce toxic hydroxyl radicals to kill tumor cells. CAT siRNA efficiently inhibits H2O2 consumption, leading to H2O2 accumulation. Cu-siRNA@ HA exhibits good biocompatibility and therapeutic efficiency, offering a new way to supply H2O2 in CDT with potential for clinical application.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuxin Yang, Haijun Ning, Tianping Xia, Jianjun Du, Wen Sun, Jiangli Fan, Xiaojun Peng
Summary: An amphiphilic siRNA-photosensitizer conjugate (siPLK1-NB) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles has been developed for efficient siRNA delivery and lysosomal escape. These nanoparticles exhibit rapid cell endocytosis and outstanding tumor-targeting property. The reactive oxygen species generated after photoactivation can disrupt the lysosome membrane structure and facilitate siRNA escape, leading to effective inhibition of tumor cell growth.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yu Xia, Guoyi Tang, Yi Chen, Changbing Wang, Min Guo, Tiantian Xu, Mingqi Zhao, Yongjian Zhou
Summary: RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising method for treating malignant tumors, and in this study, RGDfC-SeNPs were successfully synthesized as a tumor-targeted carrier for delivering siSox2 to HepG2 liver cancer cells. The results showed that RGDfC-Se@siSox2 effectively silenced Sox2, inhibited tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial membrane potential disruption, and significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing HepG2 tumors. These findings suggest that RGDfC-SeNPs could be a valuable gene carrier for specific gene-targeted therapy in HCC.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Zhang, Rikiya Taoka, Dage Liu, Yuki Matsuoka, Yoichiro Tohi, Yoshiyuki Kakehi, Mikio Sugimoto
Summary: RRM1, an important DNA replication/repair enzyme, is a key molecular target for gemcitabine. Inhibition of RRM1 has shown to reduce cancer cell proliferation and increase sensitivity to gemcitabine in bladder cancer. Combination therapy of RRM1 inhibition and gemcitabine may offer new treatment options for gemcitabine-resistant bladder tumors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Acoustics
Gaigai Li, Yan Zhang, Jinbo Li
Summary: This study developed a sono-controllable strategy for effective cytoplasmic delivery of siRNAs in cancer gene therapy. A hybrid nano-assembly (HNA) was prepared, which generated singlet oxygen to facilitate the escape of siRNA from the lysosome to the cytoplasm. The combination of sono-gene therapy achieved a high cell death rate of 82%.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Denise M. O'Sullivan, Ronan M. Doyle, Sasithon Temisak, Nicholas Redshaw, Alexandra S. Whale, Grace Logan, Jiabin Huang, Nicole Fischer, Gregory C. A. Amos, Mark D. Preston, Julian R. Marchesi, Josef Wagner, Julian Parkhill, Yair Motro, Hubert Denise, Robert D. Finn, Kathryn A. Harris, Gemma L. Kay, Justin O'Grady, Emma Ransom-Jones, Huihai Wu, Emma Laing, David J. Studholme, Ernest Diez Benavente, Jody Phelan, Taane G. Clark, Jacob Moran-Gilad, Jim F. Huggett
Summary: This study investigated the impact of bioinformatic approaches from different laboratories on microbiome assessment using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, showing that the choice of bioinformatic analysis pipeline alone can result in different estimations of microbiome composition. Differences were observed in both presence and abundance of organisms, emphasizing the need for reproducible pipeline development and application to harmonize microbiome analysis results.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
John R. F. B. Connolly, Jordi Munoz-Muriedas, Cris Lapthorn, David Higton, Johannes P. C. Vissers, Alison Webb, Claire Beaumont, Gordon J. Dear
Summary: Identifying isomeric metabolites is a challenging process typically requiring the combined use of LC-MS and NMR. Ion mobility mass spectrometry shows potential in timely and accurate identification of drug metabolites, including isomers, by comparing experimental and predicted collision cross-section values. Two different computational models, quantum mechanics and machine learning, were used to analyze and compare the CCS values of small molecule glucuronide metabolites, with the QM model showing better accuracy in distinguishing isomer pairs.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica L. Kevill, Cameron Pellett, Kata Farkas, Mathew R. Brown, Irene Bassano, Hubert Denise, James E. McDonald, Shelagh K. Malham, Jonathan Porter, Jonathan Warren, Nicholas P. Evens, Steve Paterson, Andrew C. Singer, Davey L. Jones
Summary: Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a useful tool in monitoring SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic. This study compared three viral concentration methods and found that there was no major difference in viral recovery using these methods. However, factors such as sample turbidity, storage temperature, and surfactant load did affect viral recovery, emphasizing the importance of considering these factors when working with wastewater samples.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Trisha Greenhalgh, Stephen Griffin, Deepti Gurdasani, Adam Hamdy, Aris Katzourakis, Martin McKee, Susan Michie, Christina Pagel, Alice Roberts, Kit Yates, Nisreen Alwan, Raymond Agius, Haitham Ahmed, Simon Ashworth, Charlotte Augst, Simon L. Bacon, Emil J. Bergholtz, David Blanchflower, Arnold Bosman, Nissaf Bouafif Ep Ben Alaya, Katherine Brown, Matthew Butler, Molly Byrne, Roberto Cacciola, Danielle J. Cane, Fidelia Cascini, Mohamed Chahed, K. K. Cheng, Anthony Costello, Andrew Conway Morris, Roz Davies, Colin Davis, Brendan Delaney, Denise Dewald, David Drew, Andrew Ewing, John Drury, David Fisman, Sharon Friel, Malgorzata Gasperowicz, David Robert Grimes, Zubaida Haque, William A. Haseltine, Orla Hegarty, Simon Hodes, Eilir Hughes, Zoe Hyde, Lisa Iannattone, Alejandro R. Jadad, Neena Jha, Jose Luis Jimenez, Jose Luis Jimenez, John Johnson, Abraar Karan, Kamlesh Khunti, Najwa Khuri-Bulos, Woo Joo Kim, Matthew J. Knight, Kim L. Lavoie, Tom Lawton, Jeffrey V. Lazarus, Anthony Joseph Leonardi, Eyal Leshem, Liz Lightstone, Peter V. Markov, Jose M. Martin-Moreno, Petra Meier, Jonathan Mesiano-Crookston, Asit Kumar Mishra, Michael Moore, Sterghios A. Moschos, C. David Naylor, Taylor Nichols, David Nicholl, Ole F. Norheim, Matthew Oliver, Christine Peters, Deenan Pillay, Dominic Pimenta, Kashif Pirzada, Catherine Pope, Kimberly A. Prather, Geraint Preest, Zeshan Quereshi, Katrin Rabiei, James Ray, K. Srinath Reddy, Walter Ricciardi, Ken Rice, Eleanor Robertson, Kim Roberts, Tomas Ryan, Helen Salisbury, Gabriel Scally, Robert T. Schooley, Vipul Shah, Joshua Silver, Natalie Silvey, Manoj Sivan, Luis Eugenio Souza, Anthony Staines, David Tomlinson, Collin Tukuitonga, Charles Vincent, Joe Vipond, Robert West, Angela C. Weyand, Hisham Ziauddeen
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Elham Esmaeilishirazifard, Louise Usher, Carol Trim, Hubert Denise, Vartul Sangal, Gregory H. Tyson, Axel Barlow, Keith F. Redway, John D. Taylor, Myrto Kremyda-Vlachou, Sam Davies, Teresa D. Loftus, Mikaella M. G. Lock, Kstir Wright, Andrew Dalby, Lori A. S. Snyder, Wolfgang Wuster, Steve Trim, Sterghios A. Moschos
Summary: Despite their relatively low mortality rate, the millions of envenomation-related injuries that occur annually across Africa, Asia, and Latin America are significant causes of morbidity. While it has been thought that infections resulting from venom damage are independent of envenomation, this study challenges that notion by revealing the presence of bacteria in venom and the potential for primary infection during venomous bites. The findings highlight the need for improved infection risk management following envenomation.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey Lazarus, Diana Romero, Christopher J. Kopka, Salim Abdool Karim, Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Gisele Almeida, Ricardo Baptista-Leite, Joshua A. Barocas, Mauricio L. Barreto, Yaneer Bar-Yam, Quique Bassat, Carolina Batista, Morgan Bazilian, Shu-Ti Chiou, Carlos del Rio, Gregory J. Dore, George F. Gao, Lawrence O. Gostin, Margaret Hellard, Jose L. Jimenez, Gagandeep Kang, Nancy Lee, Mojca Maticic, Martin McKee, Sabin Nsanzimana, Miquel Oliu-Barton, Bary Pradelski, Oksana Pyzik, Kenneth Rabin, Sunil Raina, Sabina Faiz Rashid, Magdalena Rathe, Rocio Saenz, Sudhvir Singh, Malene Trock-Hempler, Sonia Villapol, Peiling Yap, Agnes Binagwaho, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Ayman El-Mohandes
Summary: Despite scientific and medical advances, political, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors continue to undermine the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. A Delphi study involving a diverse panel of experts from 112 countries and territories developed a set of recommendations across various domains to address this global threat to public health.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
F. S. Brunner, M. R. Brown, I Bassano, H. Denise, M. S. Khalifa, M. J. Wade, R. van Aerle, J. L. Kevill, D. L. Jones, K. Farkas, A. R. Jeffries, E. Cairns, C. Wierzbicki, S. Paterson
Summary: Genomic surveillance is crucial for public health decisions, and both clinical and wastewater monitoring can provide valuable insights into disease transmission and variant emergence. Wastewater surveillance can detect fine-scale differences within urban centers and shows similar results to clinical sequencing. However, it can also capture additional information that may be missed by clinical testing.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Guangquan Li, Hubert Denise, Peter Diggle, Jasmine Grimsley, Chris Holmes, Daniel James, Radka Jersakova, Callum Mole, George Nicholson, Camila Rangel Smith, Sylvia Richardson, William Rowe, Barry Rowlingson, Fatemeh Torabi, Matthew J. Wade, Marta Blangiardo
Summary: The potential utility of wastewater-based epidemiology as an early warning tool for COVID-19 has been widely explored globally. Although methods to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater have been developed, a model that predicts wastewater concentration at a fine spatio-temporal resolution across an entire country is yet to be developed, which is crucial for early detection of local outbreaks.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kata Farkas, Cameron Pellett, Rachel Williams, Natasha Alex-Sanders, Irene Bassano, Mathew R. Brown, Hubert Denise, Jasmine M. S. Grimsley, Jessica L. Kevill, Mohammad S. Khalifa, Igor Pantea, Rich Story, Matthew J. Wade, Nick Woodhall, Davey L. Jones
Summary: In this study, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) coupled with reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to monitor the presence of COVID-19 variants in quarantine facilities. The results showed that PCR-based detection is a good predictor for variant presence, making WBE coupled with RT-qPCR a rapid and effective method to identify emerging variants at international borders and mass quarantining facilities.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruxandra Neatu, Ifeanyi Enekwa, Dean J. J. Thompson, Edward C. C. Schwalbe, Giorgio Fois, Gina Abdelaal, Stephany Veuger, Manfred Frick, Peter Braubach, Sterghios A. A. Moschos
Summary: LncRNAs participate in regulatory processes in the human genome, and the rs35705950 SNP overlaps with the newly annotated lncRNA AC061979.1. Through the analysis of RNA-SEQ data from 27 independent studies, it was found that this transcript is expressed in lung epithelial cells and the findings were validated in cell lines and primary cells. The results suggest that the rs35705950-containing AC061979.1 is a novel component of the MUC5B expression control minicircuitry.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Harry T. Child, Paul A. O'Neill, Karen Moore, William Rowe, Hubert Denise, David Bass, Matthew J. Wade, Matt Loose, Steve Paterson, Ronny van Aerle, Aaron R. Jeffries
Summary: Monitoring viral pathogen spread in populations is vital during epidemics for effective public health response. This study presents an optimized protocol for sequencing SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, demonstrating its effectiveness in detecting outbreaks and novel variants. The protocol utilizes reverse compliment PCR for library preparation, enhancing efficiency and sensitivity.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joseph O'Sullivan, Jose Munoz-Munoz, Graeme Turnbull, Neil Sim, Stuart Penny, Sterghios Moschos
Summary: Nucleic Acid Therapeutics (NATs) have gained importance in the management and treatment of genetic diseases. Givosiran, which takes advantage of the interaction between ASGPR and GalNAc, highlights the value of targeted moieties. Through exploring the history of GalNAc as a ligand and identifying other potential oligosaccharides for NAT delivery, this review provides opportunities for further research.
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
I. Enekwa, R. Neatu, G. Fois, M. Frick, S. A. Moschos
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
John Henderson, Ruediger Gross, Sterghios Moschos, Saqib Ali, Theodora Mantso, Ed Wright, Janis Mueller, Jan Muench
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)