Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maphe Mthembu, Kathryn A. Bowman, Leela R. L. Davies, Sharon Khuzwayo, Lusanda Mazibuko, Thierry Bassett, Dirhona Ramjit, Zoey Mhlane, Farina Karim, Galit Alter, Thumbi Ndung, Emily B. Wong
Summary: This study aimed to measure the positivity of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) release assay (IGRA) and Mtb-specific IgG antibodies in healthy adults and those living with HIV. The results suggest that the current reference standard for LTBI diagnosis underestimates Mtb infection in immunosuppressed individuals with HIV. Further research is needed, particularly in HIV-endemic areas.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Asuncion Perez-Jacoiste Asin, Otilia Bisbal, Jose Antonio Iribarren, Alfredo Perez-Rivilla, Rafael Mican, Fernando Dronda, Carmen Maria Gonzalez-Domenech, David Vinuesa-Garcia, Juan Macias, Carlos Lumbreras, Santiago Moreno, Rafael Rubio
Summary: In HIV-infected patients with CD4(+) T-cell counts <= 100/mu L in Spain, the prevalence of cryptococcal infection exceeds 7%, with CrAg+ being significantly associated with higher mortality. Spanish guidelines should be updated to recommend routine screening for cryptococcal infection in these patients.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiao-Peng Dai, Feng-Ying Wu, Cheng Cui, Xue-Jiao Liao, Yan-Mei Jiao, Chao Zhang, Jin-Wen Song, Xing Fan, Ji-Yuan Zhang, Qing He, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: Platelet-T cell aggregates play a critical role in maintaining inflammation in chronic HIV-1 infection. The formation of platelet-CD4(+) T cell aggregates was increased in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected individuals compared to healthy controls. Higher levels of these aggregates were associated with HIV-1 permissiveness and immune activation during HIV-1 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Weiyin Lin, Huolin Zhong, Chunyan Wen, Yaozu He, Xiaowen Zheng, Hong Li, Xiejie Chen, Haolan He, Jinfeng Chen, Lijuan Chen, Cong Liu, Xiaoping Tang, Weiping Cai, Linghua Li
Summary: CD4 cell count is associated with HCV-related hepatic events in HCV/HIV-coinfected patients, and persistently low CD4 cell counts are independently associated with a high risk of hepatic events.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Jamie L. Holland, Sriram Ramgopal, Nathan Money, Christopher Graves, Yu Hsiang Lo, Andrew Hashikawa, Alexander Rogers
Summary: The objective of this study was to describe the association between biomarkers and serious bacterial infection (SBI) in hypothermic infants presenting to the emergency department. The results showed that blood biomarkers such as white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and platelets had poor accuracy in identifying SBI in hypothermic infants. Further research is needed to improve risk stratification and guide evaluation and management in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mathieu Dube, Olivier Tastet, Caroline Dufour, Geremy Sannier, Nathalie Brassard, Gloria-Gabrielle Delgado, Amelie Pagliuzza, Corentin Richard, Manon Nayrac, Jean-Pierre Routy, Alexandre Prat, Jacob D. Estes, Remi Fromentin, Nicolas Chomont, Daniel E. Kaufmann
Summary: During suppressive antiretroviral therapy, spontaneous transcription and translation of HIV can persist, with p24(-)expressing cells evident in 39% of participants. Active reservoirs are enriched in central memory T cells and CCR6(-) and activation marker-expressing cells. The magnitude of the active reservoir positively correlates with HIV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses and multiple HIV-specific T cell clusters.
CELL HOST & MICROBE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Maria Pino, Susan Pereira Ribeiro, Amelie Pagliuzza, Khader Ghneim, Anum Khan, Emily Ryan, Justin L. Harper, Colin T. King, Sarah Welbourn, Luca Micci, Sol Aldrete, Keith A. Delman, Theron Stuart, Michael Lowe, Jason M. Brenchley, Cynthia A. Derdeyn, Kirk Easley, Rafick P. Sekaly, Nicolas Chomont, Mirko Paiardini, Vincent C. Marconi
Summary: Clinical outcomes are inferior in individuals with HIV experiencing suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART. The study found that immunologic suboptimal responders (ISR) had higher HIV-DNA levels in multiple CD4 T-cell subsets and higher expression of PD-1 and TIGIT exclusively on CM and TM CD4 T-cells pre-ART, indicating higher HIV reservoir maintenance. Additionally, ISR showed a lack of response to IL-7 and IL-15, potentially contributing to suboptimal CD4 T-cell recovery during ART.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kumiko Shoji, Michinori Shirano, Mitsuru Konishi, Yuko Toyoshima, Miyuki Matsumoto, Tetsushi Goto, Yu Kasamatsu, Yuji Ichida, Yasuo Kagawa, Terue Kawabata, Hiromitsu Ogata, Daiki Habu
Summary: This study aimed to determine the optimal ranges of CD4 count-associated factors in Japanese HIV positive individuals. The results showed that age, body fat percentage, nadir CD4 count, duration of antiretroviral therapy, years since HIV-positive diagnosis and cholesterol intake were significantly associated with CD4 count. Additionally, body fat percentage, but not BMI, was associated with CD4 count.
Article
Immunology
Yinggai Song, Xiaowen Wang, Qian Li, Ruijun Zhang, Sybren de Hoog, Ruoyu Li
Summary: This study presents a case of fatal dermatophytic pseudomycetoma in a patient with non-HIV CD4 lymphocytopenia, highlighting the importance of immune deficiencies screening in deep dermatophytosis patients.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Lisco, Ana M. Ortega-Villa, Harry Mystakelis, Megan V. Anderson, Allyson Mateja, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Maura Manion, Gregg Roby, Jeanette Higgins, Safia Kuriakose, Magdalena A. Walkiewicz, Morgan Similuk, Jennifer W. Leiding, Alexandra F. Freeman, Virginia Sheikh, Irini Sereti
Summary: This study analyzes the clinical, genetic, immunologic, and prognostic characteristics of ICL patients. It finds that ICL is associated with increased susceptibility to viral, fungal, and mycobacterial diseases, reduced response to novel antigens, and increased risk of cancer.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Virology
Marta Calado, David Pires, Carolina Conceicao, Rita Ferreira, Quirina Santos-Costa, Elsa Anes, Jose Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
Summary: Macrophages and dendritic cells are important for the spread of HIV to CD4+ T lymphocytes during acute infection and constitute a persistently infected reservoir during chronic infection. Cell-to-cell contact triggers the production of infectious viral particles, contributing to viral replication. The phenotypic characteristics of HIV isolates do not correlate with their spread or the difference between HIV-1 and HIV-2 in terms of cis- or trans-infection. Understanding the cell-to-cell spread of HIV is critical for developing new therapeutic and vaccine approaches.
Article
Immunology
Ahmadreza Bazmjoo, Mohammad Aref Bagherzadeh, Rahim Raoofi, Ali Taghipour, Samaneh Mazaherifar, Hojatallah Sotoodeh, Zahra Ostadi, Enayat Shadmand, Mirza A. M. Jahromi, Amir Abdoli
Summary: This study investigated the serological and molecular status of T. gondii infection among HIV-infected individuals who had co-infection with HBV and HCV infections. The results showed that co-infections of T. gondii, HCV, and HBV were common among HIV-infected patients, and co-infections had a negative correlation with CD4 + cell counts of the patients.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eugene Enah Fang, Raymond Babila Nyasa, Emmanuel Menang Ndi, Denis Zofou, Tebit Emmanuel Kwenti, Edith Pafoule Lepezeu, Vincent P. K. Titanji, Roland N. Ndip
Summary: The study revealed that a considerable percentage of HIV patients in the Bamenda Health District of Cameroon were infected with Toxoplasma gondii, with a majority experiencing chronic infection. There were significant associations between marital status, contact with garden soil, and garden ownership with T. gondii infection. The study also found no significant difference in CD4+ T-cell count among HIV patients with different toxoplasma infection statuses.
Article
Biology
Jinfeng Cai, Hongbo Gao, Jiacong Zhao, Shujing Hu, Xinyu Liang, Yanyan Yang, Zhuanglin Dai, Zhongsi Hong, Kai Deng
Summary: The research successfully established a highly physiologically relevant HIV-1 latency model by using a newly designed dual fluorescent reporter virus DFV-B, which can directly label latently infected cells and identified ACY-1215 as a potent latency reversing agent through high-throughput screening. This model provides a valuable tool to study critical events of HIV-1 latency and explore potential functional cures for AIDS.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Namra Mahmood, Zahra Riaz, Arooj Sattar, Mehwish Kiran
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hematological parameters in predicting the severity of COVID-19 patients. The results showed that total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio can predict in-hospital mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)