Extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in a tertiary-care hospital in Eastern India: A 4-year retrospective study

Objectives: Bacteria resistant to different classes of antimicrobial agents are a major threat to humanity and risk leading the world towards the return of the pre-antimicrobial era. This study was undertaken to detect the incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacteria in a tertiary-care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. Methods: Positive bacterial cultures from different clinical samples were identified using a VITEK (R) 2 compact system and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of different Gram-negative bacteria was analysed. Results: A total of 2489 clinical samples were collected and processed for culture during the period January 2013 to April 2017. Of 1103 pure bacterial cultures, 690 (62.6%) were Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Gram-negative bacterial strains revealed that 41.3% (n = 285) were XDR and 8.1% (n = 56) were PDR. Rates of colistin and tigecycline resistance were 16% and 51.9%, respectively. Conclusion: This situation demands regular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Gram-negative bacteria and implementation of an efficient infection control programme. (C) 2018 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.