Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ji-Soo Jeong, Jeong-Won Kim, Jin-Hwa Kim, Chang-Yeop Kim, Je-Won Ko, Tae-Won Kim
Summary: The study found that Chestnut inner shell extract (CIE) has pharmacological effects against various diseases. It effectively inhibited the development of respiratory infectious diseases caused by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) and treated emphysema. CIE suppressed the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signal pathway, downregulated matrix metalloprotease-9 expression, and inhibited CSC-induced emphysema progression.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
K. A. Serban, K. A. Pratte, C. Strange, R. A. Sandhaus, A. M. Turner, T. Beiko, D. A. Spittle, L. Maier, N. Hamzeh, E. K. Silverman, B. D. Hobbs, C. P. Hersh, D. L. DeMeo, M. H. Cho, R. P. Bowler
Summary: This study identified unique and shared plasma biomarkers between AATD and COPD subjects, and generated a protein score strongly associated with emphysema. Unique biomarkers associated with DLCO and emphysema were found in PiZZ AATD patients.
Article
Immunology
Bashar S. Staitieh, Simran Malik, Sara C. Auld, Gregory W. Wigger, Xian Fan, Andrew T. Roth, Tanima Chatterjee, Itika Arora, S. Vamsee Raju, Sonya Heath, Saurabh Aggrawal
Summary: HIV and cigarette smoke exposure together increase MMP-9 expression, leading to an increased risk of emphysema. This risk may be due to HIV proteins. This study confirmed in experimental animals and human subjects that HIV and cigarette smoke together cause emphysema.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
David A. Skerrett-Byrne, Elizabeth G. Bromfield, Heather C. Murray, M. Fairuz B. Jamaluddin, Andrew G. Jarnicki, Michael Fricker, Ama T. Essilfie, Bernadette Jones, Tatt J. Haw, Daniel Hampsey, Amanda L. Anderson, Brett Nixon, Rodney J. Scott, Peter A. B. Wark, Matthew D. Dun, Philip M. Hansbro
Summary: The study utilized proteomics to uncover major protein changes associated with the pathogenesis and disease progression of COPD, including alterations in RNA biosynthesis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. These changes provide insight for developing new effective treatment strategies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
David A. Lomas, James A. Irving, Christopher Arico-Muendel, Svetlana Belyanskaya, Andrew Brewster, Murray Brown, Chun-wa Chung, Hitesh Dave, Alexis Denis, Nerina Dodic, Anthony Dossang, Peter Eddershaw, Diana Klimaszewska, Imran Haq, Duncan S. Holmes, Jonathan P. Hutchinson, Alistair M. Jagger, Toral Jakhria, Emilie Jigorel, John Liddle, Ken Lind, Stefan J. Marciniak, Jeff Messer, Margaret Neu, Allison Olszewski, Adriana Ordonez, Riccardo Ronzoni, James Rowedder, Martin Ruediger, Steve Skinner, Kathrine J. Smith, Rebecca Terry, Lionel Trottet, Iain Uings, Steve Wilson, Zhengrong Zhu, Andrew C. Pearce
Summary: The study identified small molecules that bind to and stabilize mutant alpha(1)-antitrypsin, blocking aberrant polymerisation and increasing secretion, providing a potential treatment for deficiency. Oral dosing in transgenic mice showed a significant increase in secretion without observable clearance of hepatic inclusions, demonstrating the potential of mutation ameliorating small molecules in treating the disease.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jin-Hwa Kim, Jeong-Won Kim, Chang-Yeop Kim, Ji-Soo Jeong, Je-Won Ko, Tae-Won Kim
Summary: This study aimed to explore the protective mechanisms of green tea extract (GTE) on cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)-induced emphysema by reducing macrophage-induced protease expression. Results showed that GTE significantly reduced macrophage counts and emphysematous lesions in CSC-exposed mice. Furthermore, GTE suppressed CSC-induced ERK/AP-1 phosphorylation and MMP-9 expression. These findings suggest that GTE can be used as a supplementary agent for preventing emphysema progression in COPD patients.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tom McEnery, Michelle M. White, Debananda Gogoi, Orla Coleman, David Bergin, Bakr Jundi, Ryan Flannery, Fatima Abbas T. Alsaif, Sarah A. Landers, Michelle Casey, Danielle Dunlea, Paula Meleady, Noel G. McElvaney, Emer P. Reeves
Summary: This study investigates the increased neutrophil adhesion in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) and the effect of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy. It is found that AATD neutrophils have decreased plasma membrane cholesterol content but increased expression of integrins and cytoskeletal adaptor proteins. AAT augmentation therapy increases membrane cholesterol content, decreases neutrophil integrin expression and adhesion, and reduces circulating inflammation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia Pereira da Silva Araujo, Natalia Alves de Matos, Michel Oliveira, Ana Beatriz Farias de Souza, Thalles de Freitas Castro, Pedro Alves Machado-Junior, Debora Maria Soares de Souza, Andre Talvani, Silvia Dantas Cangussu, Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes, Frank Silva Bezerra
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with cigarette smoke playing a key role in its development. Quercetin may have potential as a preventive agent for smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Jinhyung Rho, Chang-Seob Seo, Eun-Ju Hong, Eun Bok Baek, Eunhye Jung, Suyoung Park, Mee-Young Lee, Hyo-Jung Kwun
Summary: The traditional Chinese medicine Yijin-tang shows therapeutic effects in a mouse model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Yijin-tang attenuates respiratory inflammation and airway remodeling caused by CS and LPS exposure and may be considered as a treatment for COPD.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Toxicology
Ee Tsin Wong, Justyna Szostak, Bjoern Titz, Tom Lee, Sin Kei Wong, Oksana Lavrynenko, Celine Merg, Maica Corciulo, Jovan Simicevic, Mehdi Auberson, Dariusz Peric, Remi Dulize, David Bornand, Guo Jie Loh, Kyeonghee Monica Lee, Jingjie Zhang, John H. Miller, Walter K. Schlage, Emmanuel Guedj, Thomas Schneider, Blaine Phillips, Patrice Leroy, Mohamed Amin Choukrallah, Nicolas Sierro, Ansgar Buettner, Yang Xiang, Arkadiusz Kuczaj, Nikolai Ivanov, Karsta Luettich, Patrick Vanscheeuwijck, Manuel C. Peitsch, Julia Hoeng
Summary: This study investigated the effects of electronic cigarette aerosols compared to cigarette smoke on the respiratory system of mice. The results showed that e-vapor aerosols induced substantially lower biological and pathological changes in the respiratory tract associated with chronic inflammation and emphysema, compared to cigarette smoke.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Patrick S. Hume, Jazalle McClendon, Katrina W. Kopf, Julie W. Harral, Joanna M. Poczobutt, Alexandra L. McCubbrey, Bradford J. Smith, Peter M. Henson, Susan M. Majka, Irina Petrache, William J. Janssen
Summary: This study examined the role of leukocyte HIF-1α in the development of cigarette smoke-induced lung disease using mice with conditional deletion or overexpression of HIF-1α. The results showed that overexpression of leukocyte HIF-1α did not affect the development of cigarette smoke-induced lung disease, suggesting that this signaling pathway is not involved in the development of murine lung disease.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gerber Adam, Takayuki Shiomi, Goldklang Monica, Sonett Jarrod, Anguiano Vincent, Mercer Becky, Zelonina Tina, D'Armiento Jeanine
Summary: COPD is a major cause of disability and death globally, with approximately 14 million sufferers in the United States alone. A potentially novel therapeutic agent targeting cigarette smoke-induced mechanisms was identified through high throughput screening, suggesting further investigation into SSRIs as a novel therapeutic for COPD may be warranted.
Article
Neurosciences
Aleksandar Dobric, Simone N. De Luca, Huei Jiunn Seow, Hao Wang, Kurt Brassington, Stanley M. H. Chan, Kevin Mou, Jonathan Erlich, Stella Liong, Stavros Selemidis, Sarah J. Spencer, Steven Bozinovski, Ross Vlahos
Summary: The study found that chronic cigarette smoke exposure can cause neurocognitive dysfunction, including impaired working memory, accompanied by neuroinflammation and neuropathological changes in the brain.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Simone N. De Luca, Stanley M. H. Chan, Aleksandar Dobric, Hao Wang, Huei Jiunn Seow, Kurt Brassington, Kevin Mou, Rana Alateeq, Alina Akhtar, Steven Bozinovski, Ross Vlahos
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory condition caused by cigarette smoking. People with COPD often experience neurocognitive disorders such as cognitive dysfunction, anxiety, and depression. The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the onset of these disorders is still unclear.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jing Zhao, Haibo Xia, Yan Wu, Lu Lu, Cheng Cheng, Jing Sun, Quanyong Xiang, Tao Bian, Qizhan Liu
Summary: Cigarette smoke is a main risk factor for emphysema, and a recent study found that circular RNA can regulate cigarette smoke-induced autophagy and apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells by inhibiting miRNA. This discovery provides new insights and information for the diagnosis and treatment of emphysema.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Jihan Ryu, David C. Banthin, Xiaosi Gu
Summary: The increasing use of online platforms for psychotherapy and the advancements in computational psychiatry offer scientists new opportunities to study the relationship between patient-therapist dynamics and treatment outcomes, particularly focusing on the establishment of therapeutic alliance.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Jihan Ryu, Emese Sukei, Agnes Norbury, Shelley H. Liu, Juan Jose Campana-Montes, Enrique Baca-Garcia, Antonio Artes, M. Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez
Summary: This study evaluated the social media usage patterns and anxiety symptoms of psychiatric patients in Madrid, Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic. It found that patients with clinical anxiety showed less increase in communication app usage post-lockdown, and a machine learning model was able to identify individuals at risk for psychiatric sequelae based on their digital social behavior.
JMIR MENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Jihan Ryu
Summary: This article provides a brief overview of the life and work of Paul E. Meehl, a prominent clinical psychologist and philosopher of science. Meehl's 1954 thesis on Clinical versus Statistical Prediction, which argued that mechanical operations achieve higher accuracy in predicting human behavior compared to clinicians, laid the foundation for utilizing statistics and computational modeling in psychiatry and clinical psychology. Today, Meehl's emphasis on accurate data modeling and its clinically relevant use is particularly relevant for psychiatric researchers and clinicians grappling with the challenges of integrating the vast amount of data on human cognition into practical tools.
HARVARD REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)