Article
Neurosciences
Rachel Chudoba, Joanna Dabrowska
Summary: Defensive behaviors in response to threats are common across the animal kingdom. Different populations of CRF neurons in the CeA and BNST play divergent but complementary roles in mediating defensive responses, such as vigilance, avoidance, and active escape. Understanding the contributions of specific CRF neurons is important for understanding their dysregulation in fear and anxiety disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anurag Singh, Paul F. Smith, Yiwen Zheng
Summary: Tinnitus is a complex disorder characterized by the perception of sound in the absence of external auditory stimulus. Patients with tinnitus often experience hearing loss, anxiety, depression, and sleep disruption. Current treatments for tinnitus have limited effectiveness due to the heterogeneity of the condition and a lack of understanding of its mechanisms. This review focuses on the role of the limbic system in tinnitus development and provides insights into potential target-specific therapies for tinnitus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel R. Pfau, Sarah Baribeau, Felix Brown, Niki Khetarpal, S. Marc Breedlove, Cynthia L. Jordan
Summary: The TRPC2 gene plays a role in mediating male and female behavior in mice and affects the development of brain regions involved in VNO signaling. The loss of TRPC2 leads to changes in neuron and astrocyte numbers in the MePD and VMHvl, which may be responsible for the alterations in behavior.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Angel Baudon, Etienne Clauss Creusot, Ferdinand Althammer, Christian P. Schaaf, Alexandre Charlet
Summary: The neuropeptide oxytocin has been studied for its effects on physiology, neuronal circuits, and behaviors, particularly sociality. Recent studies have shown the existence and importance of astroglial oxytocin receptors in various brain regions. The role of astrocytic oxytocin receptors in neuromodulation and integrated brain functions still needs further investigation.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Wen Han Tong, Samira Abdulai-Saiku, Ajai Vyas
Summary: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) exhibits remarkable divergence in expression and role between hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic neurons, which can regulate each other through polysynaptic pathways. In the medial amygdala, AVP expression is sexually dimorphic and responsive to testosterone, facilitating stress responsiveness by influencing the recruitment of hypothalamic AVP neurons.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kuan-Po Peng, Arne May, Hauke Basedau
Summary: The purpose of this review is to highlight the importance of studying the sensory changes in migraine beyond just the headache phase. Accumulating evidence suggests that migraine not only affects the pain system, but also alters other sensory modalities. The latest studies show that alterations in brain activation start before the headache and outlast the pain itself, indicating a central generator driving the multiple sensory changes across different phases of migraine.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Caitlin S. Mitchell, Denovan P. Begg
Summary: Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating food intake and energy balance through its actions on different neuronal subpopulations in the hypothalamus, impacting the expression of neuropeptides involved in appetite control. Additionally, insulin activity in the amygdala is implicated in modulating food intake and stress-induced obesity, highlighting the central role of this brain region in insulin signaling and energy homeostasis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Md Qutubuddin, Tilahun Kochito Gibo, Raju S. Bapi, Yadaiah Narri
Summary: This paper presents a bio-inspired intelligent controller, BASIC, designed to enhance the performance of a nonlinear system by capturing the emotional intelligence of mammalian brain. The controller's computational efficiency, accuracy and robustness are established through offline simulations and real-time Hardware-in-loop environment comparisons with existing control techniques on a typical nonlinear system. Incorporating the sensory cortex, the proposed brain-inspired control architecture proves to be effective in coping with nonlinearities present in control applications.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuan-Jun Li, Chun-Yan Li, Chun-Yang Li, Dian-Xing Hu, Zhi-Bo Xv, Shu-Han Zhang, Qiang Li, Pei Zhang, Bo Tian, Xiao-Li Lan, Xiao-Qian Chen
Summary: This study provides evidence linking KMT2E to the development of ASD and suggests that abnormal amygdala neuronal development may be a major underlying mechanism.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Kei Sakikawa, Yuri Masaoka, Motoyasu Honma, Akira Yoshikawa, Masaki Yoshida, Sawa Kamimura, Masahiro Ida, Hitome Kobayashi, Masahiko Izumizaki
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between olfactory abilities and brain activation in elderly individuals using fMRI. The results showed that the left amygdala had the greatest impact on olfactory detection and recognition, while the entorhinal cortex, parahippocampus, and hippocampus supported amygdala activation. Functional decline in the entorhinal cortex and parahippocampus crucially impacted olfactory recognition, which could be compensated for by amygdala function through connections with frontal regions.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Biology
Shuyun Xiao, Valerie Michael, Richard Mooney
Summary: This study reveals that neurons suppressing vocalizations are activated by predator cues or inhibitory social contexts in mice. It also uncovers how the brain weighs factors promoting and suppressing vocal production, and how the activation of specific neurons influences the decision to vocalize in mice.
Article
Neuroimaging
Anne Stankewitz, Leonie Keidel, Mathias Rehm, Stephanie Irving, Stephan Kaczmarz, Christine Preibisch, Viktor Witkovsky, Claus Zimmer, Enrico Schulz, Thomas R. Toelle
Summary: This study used fMRI to observe cyclic changes in brain perfusion and hypothalamic connectivity throughout the migraine cycle in migraine patients. The limbic circuit exhibited increased perfusion during headache attacks, while hypothalamic connectivity to the limbic system strengthened over the interictal interval and weakened during the headache phase. These findings suggest the hypothalamus plays a significant role in regulating migraine attacks.
NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Liping Zhou, Xiao Wu, Sijie Qin, Jing Shi, Chunfeng Yu, Zhaowei Xu, Geng Tian, Weili Zhu, Jing Qin
Summary: This study established a novel drug delivery system based on neutrophil infiltration in key brain regions during neuroinflammation. By modifying oxytocin-loaded liposomes with N-Acetyl Pro-Gly-Pro (PGP) peptides, enhanced antidepressant effects were achieved, especially in the amygdala, a crucial depression-implicated brain region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Soo Min Lee, Han Byeol Jang, Yu Fan, Bong Hyo Lee, Sang Chan Kim, Kyle B. Bills, Scott C. Steffensen, Hee Young Kim
Summary: Nociceptive signals modulate the mesolimbic reward system, possibly through the involvement of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and lateral habenula (LHb). Stimulation by tail pinch excites LHb and LH neurons, leading to increased inhibitory activity on the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. This inhibition is essential for attenuating cocaine-induced behaviors and drug reinstatement.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Elena Alvarez-Salas, Cinthia Garcia-Luna, Paulina Soberanes-Chavez, Patricia de Gortari
Summary: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been found to play a role in regulating eating and mood through its actions on the hypothalamus and limbic regions of the brain. It can directly affect neurotransmitters and indirectly modulate their effects. Studies have shown the involvement of TRH in depressive and anxiety-like behaviors, as well as anorexia and hyperphagia. Various approaches, such as pharmacological studies and animal models, have been used to investigate the effects of TRH on mood and feeding parameters. Understanding the role of TRH expression could be beneficial for treating patients with eating disorders.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)