Review
Biology
Roberto Giurazza, Maria Civita Mazza, Roberto Andini, Pasquale Sansone, Maria Caterina Pace, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni
Summary: This article highlights the importance of tackling antimicrobial resistance through the correct use of antibiotics and the emergence of new antimicrobial options for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The availability of novel molecules for AMR treatment is opening up exciting possibilities for precision medicine approaches in antimicrobial treatment. Strict adherence to antimicrobial stewardship practices will be crucial to preserve these emerging antimicrobials for future use.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Thomas Greuter, Florian Rieder, Torsten Kucharzik, Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet, Alain M. Schoepfer, David T. Rubin, Stephan R. Vavricka
Summary: Extraintestinal manifestations are commonly seen in IBD patients and have long been considered challenging to treat due to limited therapy options. However, the increasing use of anti-tumour necrosis factors has significantly changed the therapeutic approach. Emerging therapies like JAK inhibitors and anti-interleukin 12/23 are expected to further shape the available treatment options.
Review
Oncology
Georgia Gomatou, Nikolaos Syrigos, Elias Kotteas
Summary: Osimertinib is a third-generation EGFR-TKI used as first-line therapy in NSCLC patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations, second-line therapy in patients with T790M mutation after previous EGFR-TKI treatment, and adjuvant therapy for early stage NSCLC patients with resected tumors and EGFR mutations. Further research is needed to understand the different patterns of resistance in first-line and second-line settings and to standardize liquid biopsies for monitoring molecular alterations after osimertinib progression.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kevin Brunet, Jean-Philippe Martellosio, Frederic Tewes, Sandrine Marchand, Blandine Rammaert
Summary: Pulmonary mold infections are life-threatening diseases with high mortality rates. Inhaled antifungal drugs have the potential to improve treatment efficacy while reducing toxicity, but their clinical use is still unclear.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simone Rentschler, Lars Kaiser, Hans-Peter Deigner
Summary: Precise and rapid identification of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns are crucial for the treatment of infections in intensive care medicine, but current tools have limitations and ineffective antibiotic use worsens patient prognosis. Emerging developments offer potential for significant improvements in detecting multi-resistant pathogens and guiding antibiotic therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Francesco Passamonti, Claire N. Harrison, Ruben A. Mesa, Jean-Jacques Kiladjian, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Srdan Verstovsek
Summary: This review provides an overview of current and emerging treatments for anemia in myelofibrosis, including drug therapies and stem cell transplantation. Effective treatments for myelofibrosis-related anemia are currently limited, but new drugs and combination therapies may offer promising treatment options.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Veronica Segura, Angela Ruiz-Carnicer, Carolina Sousa, Maria de Lourdes Moreno
Summary: The only current treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet, but there is a need for non-dietary alternatives to prevent damage from dietary transgressions. Recent therapies for CD focus on degrading gluten, regulating the immune response, and inducing immunological tolerance, with promising results seen in some phase III and II clinical trials.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mohamed Ali, Michal Ciebiera, Marta Wlodarczyk, Samar Alkhrait, Elise Maajid, Qiwei Yang, Shih-Min Hsia, Ayman Al-Hendy
Summary: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign neoplasm in reproductive age women, and current treatment options have limitations. There is an urgent need for safe and effective non-surgical treatments.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Friedrich Foerster, Simon Johannes Gairing, Lukas Mueller, Peter Robert Galle
Summary: Given the global increase in obesity and type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are becoming important causes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCCs caused by chronic inflammation mediated by lipotoxicity have unique characteristics, such as occurring in up to 50% of NAFLD-HCC patients without cirrhosis and having a lower annual incidence, leading to challenges in surveillance strategies. Locoregional treatments may be equally effective regardless of HCC etiology, but the effectiveness of systemic therapy is less clear. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are likely equally effective, while there are initial signals that immune checkpoint inhibitors may be less effective in NAFLD-HCC compared to viral HCC.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Yun Kim
Summary: Sarcopenia in patients with chronic liver diseases is a common condition with complicated and multifactorial pathogenesis. The main therapeutic options focus on nutritional and behavioral interventions.
Article
Immunology
Ryan K. Shields, David L. Paterson, Pranita D. Tamma
Summary: Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex is a common cause of nosocomial infections with high antibiotic resistance. Traditional combination therapy includes colistin, sulbactam, and tetracyclines. New beta-lactam agents like cefiderocol and sulbactam-durlobactam have shown contrasting results in recent clinical trials. Effective treatment for CRAB infections requires a personalized approach considering host factors, site of infection, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic principles, and local molecular epidemiology.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Maximilian J. Mair, Anna S. Berghoff, Priscilla K. Brastianos, Matthias Preusser
Summary: Meningiomas are the most frequently diagnosed intracranial neoplasms and surgical resection is the common treatment method. However, there is limited research on pharmacotherapy for meningiomas.
JOURNAL OF NEURO-ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Chunye Zhang, Ming Yang
Summary: NAFLD is closely associated with the development of HCC, and early diagnosis and targeted treatment of key molecules are beneficial for preventing the progression of liver cancer.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mariana C. Almeida, Paulo M. da Costa, Emilia Sousa, Diana I. S. P. Resende
Summary: With the increasing drug resistance, it is crucial to develop effective antimicrobial therapies. One promising approach is the conjugation of antibiotics with relevant molecules to enhance their activity through target-directed delivery. By hijacking microorganisms' iron transport systems, siderophore-antibiotic Trojan horses can carry antibiotics into cells. This Perspective examines the potential of these Trojan horses for infection treatment and the role of siderophores in diagnostic techniques. It also discusses other conjugated compounds, such as those involving vitamin B12, carbohydrates, amino acids, protein degradation, and beta-lactamase activated prodrugs.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Leon G. Leanse, Carolina dos Anjos, Ying Wang, Clinton K. Murray, David C. Hooper, Tianhong Dai
Summary: The study investigated the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light (aBL) and aBL combined with quinine hydrochloride (aBL + Q-HCL) for treating cutaneous mold infections. Results showed that mold conidia are tolerant to aBL, but the addition of Q-HCL enhanced efficacy, causing intracellular and cell wall damage. Porphyrins were found in all mold strains, with Aspergillus fumigatus having the highest concentration. Overall, aBL and aBL + Q-HCL effectively reduced the burden of A. fumigatus in dermabrasion infections and limited recurrence.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
