Review
Oncology
Yoanna S. Pumpalova, Leslie Segall, Richard Felli, Gauri Bhatkhande, Judith S. Jacobson, Alfred I. Neugut
Summary: PLWH with GI malignancies are less likely to receive cancer treatment and have higher all-cause mortality compared to HIV-negative patients. Most studies focused on colorectal cancer; more research is needed on pancreatic, gastric, and esophageal cancer. Future studies should investigate the effects of HIV on cancer-specific mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries with high HIV prevalence.
SEMINARS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Dermatology
Liya He, Xin Mei, Sha Lu, Jianchi Ma, Yongxuan Hu, Dongdong Mo, Xinsheng Chen, Ruiqiang Fan, Liyan Xi, Ting Xie
Summary: The study investigated the characteristics of T. marneffei infection in non-HIV individuals in mainland China. It found that T. marneffei infections in non-HIV individuals are increasing, with atypical symptoms leading to misdiagnosis as other diseases. Accurate diagnosis and timely antifungal agent treatment are crucial for effective management of the disease.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Joseph Anejo-Okopi, Harris Onywera, Simeon Omale, Onyemocho Audu
Summary: The introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy has transformed HIV infection from a death sentence to a chronic condition, leading to increased challenges of non-communicable diseases and cancers for HIV-infected patients. Caregivers need to develop effective strategies to screen, treat, and prevent non-AIDS defining cancers in HIV-infected individuals.
Review
Virology
Maria M. Plummer, Charles S. Pavia
Summary: HIV infects and destroys helper T cells to suppress the immune system, reproducing itself via a unique mechanism. HIV/AIDS patients are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, but current vaccines have shown to be effective for them as well.
Review
Oncology
Laurent Quero, Romain Palich, Marc-Antoine Valantin
Summary: Radiation therapy is highly effective and well tolerated in the treatment of localized Kaposi's sarcoma. This study evaluated the efficacy and side effects of radiotherapy in Kaposi's sarcoma before and after the initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy. It also described the indications and modalities of radiotherapy treatment. The complete response rate after radiotherapy is high, around 80-90%, and the treatment is well tolerated. However, patients should be informed of the possible risk of late skin sequelae and recurrence. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the indications for radiotherapy in HIV-positive patients have decreased.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lina Fan, Penghui Li, Aiping Yu, Dan Liu, Ziyu Wang, Yue Wu, Defa Zhang, Meiyin Zou, Ping Ma
Summary: This study evaluated the association between inadequate immune response and non-AIDS related diseases in HIV-infected patients aged 60 years or older who had been virally suppressed for at least 2 years by ART. The results showed that inadequate immune reconstitution was associated with non-AIDS diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, tumor, and chronic kidney disease, and it was also associated with higher mortality in this cohort.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Mathieu Nacher, Audrey Valdes, Antoine Adenis, Romain Blaizot, Philippe Abboud, Magalie Demar, Felix Djossou, Loic Epelboin, Caroline Misslin, Balthazar Ntab, Dominique Louvel, Kinan Drak Alsibai, Pierre Couppie
Summary: This retrospective multicentric study aimed to describe the frequency and manifestations of gastrointestinal histoplasmosis in French Guiana, and to compare patients with disseminated histoplasmosis with or without gastrointestinal involvement. A total of 349 cases were included, with 70% of them presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms. The study found that half of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms had abdominal pain or diarrhea, with significant associations with lymphadenopathies >2cm and Haitian origin. Patients with gastrointestinal histoplasmosis had better prognostic factors and lower mortality rates compared to those without gastrointestinal involvement.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jiaye Liu, Yuying Hou, Liqin Sun, Lifeng Wang, Yun He, Yang Zhou, Liumei Xu, Xiaoning Liu, Fang Zhao, Lukun Zhang, Hui Wang, Fu-Sheng Wang
Summary: The study found that in HIV-infected individuals undergoing long-term ART, the incidence and mortality of non-AIDS-defining diseases (NADs) are increasing. Modifiable risk factors contributing to NADs include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections. Individual-level interventions and population-level policy-making are crucial for preventing NADs in the long-term management of HIV infection.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lam Van Nguyen, Thao N. P. Nguyen, Anh N. Thach, Anh N. Lam, Duc Q. Lam, Chu X. Duong, Suol T. Pham, Thao H. Nguyen, Dyah A. Perwitasari, Katja Taxis, Phuong M. Nguyen, Thang Nguyen
Summary: The study found that patients with higher education levels, working away from home, HIV transmission through injecting drugs or mother-to-child contact, presence of tension, anxiety or stress, self-reminding to take medication, and high self-evaluated adherence were significantly associated with a better knowledge of ARV treatment among HIV-infected patients in Vietnam. Education programs for patients and improving the quality of medical services and support should be strengthened to enhance their understanding of ARV treatment.
Article
Immunology
Yuhuan Mao, Hui Shen, Caili Yang, Qunying Jia, Jianying Li, Yong Chen, Jinwei Hu, Weiliang Huang
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) for the rapid diagnosis of talaromycosis in HIV-infected patients. mNGS showed high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for early identification of T. marneffei infections, particularly in cases of mixed infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ke Zhuang, Yongxi Zhang, Pingzheng Mo, Liping Deng, Yong Jiang, Lei Yu, Fanghua Mei, Shaoxin Huang, Xi Chen, Yajun Yan, Hongbin Tang, Xiangdong Li, Yong Xiong, Shuwen Wu, Hengning Ke, Xien Gui, Ke Lan
Summary: The identification of differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of patients with AIDS-NHL may lead to the development of biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Immunoglobulin and complement components were found to be common proteins in this study. These proteins play a role in the pathogenesis of AIDS-NHL.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Morteza Mehraeen, Mohammadreza Heydari, Kamran B. Lankarani, Hassan Joulaei, Marjan Faghih
Summary: The main causes of HIV infection were found to be drug injection for males and sexual intercourse with an infected individual for females. Patients felt responsible for contracting and transmitting the disease, and there was a high prevalence of high-risk behaviors within families, emphasizing the need for intervention.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew Katende, Lydia Nakiyingi, Irene Andia-Biraro, Thomas Katairo, Richard Muhumuza, Andrew S. Ssemata, Christopher Nsereko, Fred C. Semitala, David B. Meya
Summary: This study investigated the proportion of hospitalized patients in Uganda who initiated ART during hospitalization and identified potential barriers. The results showed that only half of newly diagnosed HIV patients in the high prevalence setting were initiated on ART during hospitalization. Inadequate patient preparation and advanced HIV disease were identified as barriers to rapid ART initiation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aleksandra Radovanovic Spurnic, Zoran Bukumiric, Djordje Jevtovic, Branko Brmbolic, Tatijana Pekmezovic, Dubravka Salemovic, Ivana Pesic Pavlovic, Ivana Milosevic, Jovan Ranin, Milos Korac
Summary: This study found that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is significantly lower in individuals living with HIV compared to HIV-negative population, and there is a positive linear trend of H. pylori co-infection in PLHIV, in contrast to the negative trend in HIV-negative patients. Patients with HIV/H. pylori co-infection had higher CD4(+) T cell counts and more cases with undetectable HIV viremia.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Roshna Thapa, Youngran Yang
Summary: Cambodian women living with HIV have slightly negative attitudes toward menopause, with older age, higher education, and a non-drinking habit being associated with more positive attitudes. A multidisciplinary healthcare team is needed to address the special needs of this population during the menopausal transition.
