Article
Thermodynamics
Mattia De Rosa, Kenneth Gainsford, Fabiano Pallonetto, Donal P. Finn
Summary: Energy security assessment is an important aspect of national security, economic stability, and prosperity, which quantifies the energy supply and the risk of energy disruption or shortage. This paper investigates the energy supply diversification in Europe and analyzes import dependence, market concentration, and renewable energy deployment. The results show a stable evolution of fuel mix diversity and a relatively low market concentration. However, high import dependency reduces energy security, and there is an increasing trend in renewable electricity production share.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christoph Halser, Florentina Paraschiv
Summary: The war in Ukraine has made German policy makers more aware of the negative economic impact that a reduction in natural gas flows from Russia could have. Germany, which heavily relies on imported natural gas, has implemented regulatory measures to mitigate potential gas shortages and seeks to diversify its imports by including liquefied natural gas (LNG). This study provides a comprehensive review of the natural gas crisis in Europe, focusing on the unique role of natural gas in Germany. It critically discusses the economic impact of an embargo and assesses demand and supply factors that could lessen a supply shortage.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary, Ehsan Rasoulinezhad, Naoyuki Yoshino, Tapan Sarker, Nawazish Mirza
Summary: The study found that Russian energy exports to the Asia-Pacific region follow the Linder hypothesis, with economic growth positively influencing exports. Sanctions against Russia since 2014 have increased Russian energy exports to the region. To enhance regional pricing power, it is recommended to establish an energy trading hub in the Asia-Pacific region.
ENERGY STRATEGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Marie Dejonghe, Thijs van de Graaf, Ronnie Belmans
Summary: Energy security is a key factor in the development of hydrogen in the European Union. While hydrogen imports have the potential to diversify supply and reduce supply disruptions, future choices will have lasting impacts on energy security.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Mikhail Krivko, Lubos Smutka
Summary: The impact of the Russian import ban on EU28 countries is not uniform, with some countries experiencing more severe consequences than others. Germany, the Netherlands, Latvia, Lithuania, Italy, and Poland are among the countries most affected, while Austria, Hungary, and Czechia continued to expand their trade despite the ban.
Article
Environmental Studies
Sakari Hoysniemi
Summary: In 2022, European countries are facing a dual challenge of reimagining energy security after cutting ties with Russian energy, while also undergoing a continent-wide energy transition. This article utilizes a sociotechnical imaginaries framework to capture the broader dynamics beyond the typical understanding of energy security. By analyzing debates in Finland from 2015 to 2019, this article uncovers predominant sociotechnical imaginaries related to energy security and the discursive struggles surrounding their reframing.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Economics
Hong Ma, Jingxin Ning, Mingzhi (Jimmy) Xu
Summary: The study found that China's retaliatory tariffs on imports from the United States led to significant reductions in both the value and quantity of imports, with the tariffs almost completely passed on to import prices. The trade and price effects varied across different products, indicating limited terms-of-trade gain due to the tariff hikes.
CHINA ECONOMIC REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Economics
Aziiz Sutrisno, Onder Nomaler, Floor Alkemade
Summary: Global energy trade volumes have increased significantly over the past three decades, leading to a more connected energy system. However, many countries still rely on a few incumbent suppliers for a substantial part of their energy commodity imports. Improving global energy security will require fundamental changes in energy market organization and infrastructure flexibility.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Aurelie Cassette, Etienne Farvaque
Summary: This paper examines the determinants of Australia and the US' average tariff levels and investigates three hypotheses regarding the interrelation of tariffs. The results indicate a strong long-run relation between the US and Australian tariffs, with the US decisions having a greater influence on Australian tariffs.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Herie Park, Sungwoo Bae
Summary: The paper proposes a methodology to evaluate a country's energy supply security with a focus on the correlation between energy dependence and energy diversity. The study finds that even with higher energy diversity, a country highly dependent on energy imports may still face security risks in terms of energy supply.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Alfonso Carfora, Rosaria Vega Pansini, Giuseppe Scandurra
Summary: This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the factors that determine energy import demand in EU countries and proposes a novel approach to study the role of renewable and non-renewable energy sources in shaping energy import demand. The analysis shows that replacing energy imports with domestic production and reducing energy dependency can have positive effects. Additionally, substituting imports with domestic renewable energy sources can further enhance energy dependence, energy security, and sustainable development.
Review
Business, Finance
Anna Miromanova
Summary: This study focuses on the retaliatory measures taken by Russia in response to Western anti-Russian sanctions, and analyzes the impact of such retaliation on trade and how retaliating countries handle trade losses. The findings show that retaliation results in losses for both the retaliating country and the target of retaliation, and it has not been effective in ending Russian sanctions. The estimated trade loss from such retaliation amounts to about $42 billion in the first 1.5 years after the imposition of the embargo.
Article
Thermodynamics
Wei Chen, Xiaoyu Niu, Wenqian Ke, Zhaoyuan Yu
Summary: The Belt and Road Initiative has led to the formation of complex and uneven energy trade networks, with China, Russia, India, the UAE, and Saudi Arabia as the most central countries. The backbone structures of these networks continue to grow, connecting major energy-exporting and energy-demanding countries.
Article
Economics
Erik Hille
Summary: This paper presents empirical evidence on the impact of geopolitical risks in fossil fuel supplier countries on renewable energy diffusion in fossil fuel importing countries. The study reveals that geopolitical risks in supplier countries tend to promote the diffusion of renewable energy in Europe, particularly risks related to coal and natural gas imports.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Johannes Hyvonen, Tero Koivunen, Sanna Syri
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of achieving carbon neutrality in Finland by 2035, considering potential bottlenecks and resource shortages. It finds that the current climate strategy is outdated and insufficient to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. Alternative measures to improve sustainability and reduce emissions are also presented in the paper.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tero Koivunen, Sanna Syri, Noora Veijalainen
Summary: The study investigates the behavior of electrical storages in a carbon-free national power system model set in Finland in 2050. It found that nuclear energy and electricity trading capacities are key factors affecting the need for electricity storage. Historical data also play a significant role in determining the required electricity storage capacities, particularly due to interannual variations in renewable production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Anahita Farsaei, Ville Olkkonen, Xiaoming Kan, Sanna Syri
Summary: The Baltic countries face capacity shortages and high dependence on electricity trade in the transition to a low-carbon electricity system. The expansion of the transmission network can increase revenue from electricity export for the Baltic countries, but significant new investment is required.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY WATER AND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS-JSDEWES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yijie Su, Pauli Hiltunen, Sanna Syri, Dilip Khatiwada
Summary: District heating plays a significant role in achieving carbon neutrality in the Nordic countries. The strategies for decarbonization in the Helsinki metropolitan area, which is operated by different district heating companies, are analyzed in this research. The findings suggest that heat trade between cities can enhance feasibility and reduce operation costs and emissions. However, the import of heat and changes in energy prices will impact the system.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Paper & Wood
B. Talebjedi, T. Laukkanen, H. Holmberg, E. Vakkilainen, S. Syri
Summary: This paper proposes an energy-saving refining optimization strategy for Thermo-mechanical Pulping (TMP) by integrating machine learning and heuristic optimization methods. Artificial Neural Networks are used to develop refining specific energy consumption (RSEC) and pulp quality identification models, which are then combined with the Genetic algorithm to minimize total refining specific energy consumption while maintaining the same pulp quality. Simulation results show that a deep multilayer perceptron neural network is a powerful tool for creating refining energy and quality identification models, achieving a significant reduction in RSEC.
NORDIC PULP & PAPER RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jaakko Jaaskelainen, Kaisa Huhta, Sanna Syri
Summary: This article investigates the reasons behind the surge in European electricity prices in 2021 and examines their potential future development using Finland as a case study. The study finds that the high energy prices were the result of various factors, including weather, economy, and politics. Additionally, it highlights the complexity of price formation within a Member State and the strong impact of neighboring markets.
Article
Thermodynamics
F. Gardumi, I Keppo, M. Howells, S. Pye, G. Avgerinopoulos, V Lekavicius, A. Galinis, L. Martisauskas, U. Fahl, P. Korkmaz, D. Schmid, R. Cunha Montenegro, S. Syri, A. Hast, U. Mortberg, O. Balyk, K. Karlsson, X. Pang, G. Mozgeris, R. Trubins, D. Jaksic, I. M. Turalija, M. Mikulic
Summary: With the publication of the European Green Deal, the European Union aims to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. While the reduction of direct greenhouse gas emissions is technically feasible, pursuing the wrong path may have significant unintended impacts. An integrated assessment framework is discussed to inform the European Commission on decarbonization strategies. The framework goes beyond existing ones in scope, depth, and cross-scale coverage, utilizing specialized models and case studies. Challenges of consistency are identified and can be addressed through iterative linking, harmonizing assumptions, and comparing model outputs. The framework's highest added value lies in providing insights on the technical feasibility of decarbonization pathways, vulnerability aspects, and unintended environmental and health impacts at different scales.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Nima Javanshir, Sanna Syri, Antti Teravirta, Ville Olkkonen
Summary: The Finnish Government has set the target of achieving carbon-neutrality by 2035. This study evaluates the decarbonization of a Finnish city's district heating system by utilizing power to-heat technologies and implementing an ambitious building energy renovation program. Additionally, the study explores the use of wind power with a fixed price to support electrification and decarbonization.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Pauli Hiltunen, Anna Volkova, Eduard Latosov, Kertu Lepiksaar, Sanna Syri
Summary: This paper analyzes the possibilities of replacing the natural gas boiler with district heating in Tallinn University of Technology. The results show that connecting to an existing high-temperature district heating network or using a low-temperature energy cascade can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and achieve primary energy savings.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Johannes Hyvonen, Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Sanna Syri, Matti Lehtonen
Summary: This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of utilizing energy storage systems to enhance residential photovoltaic electricity generation, finding that solar PV systems without selling surplus electricity to the grid are profitable under certain renewable fractions and market prices. Among the examined energy storage technologies, lithium-ion battery storage was found to be the most financially feasible option.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Sakari Hoysniemi
Summary: In 2022, European countries are facing a dual challenge of reimagining energy security after cutting ties with Russian energy, while also undergoing a continent-wide energy transition. This article utilizes a sociotechnical imaginaries framework to capture the broader dynamics beyond the typical understanding of energy security. By analyzing debates in Finland from 2015 to 2019, this article uncovers predominant sociotechnical imaginaries related to energy security and the discursive struggles surrounding their reframing.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nima Javanshir, Sanna Syri, Seela Tervo, Argo Rosin
Summary: The stochastic nature of renewable energy resources poses a challenge in balancing supply and demand in the power grid, and district heating networks equipped with power-to-heat technologies and thermal storage can provide balancing services. However, the participation of district heating networks in multiple energy markets and optimizing revenue has not been thoroughly studied.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Johannes Hyvonen, Tero Koivunen, Sanna Syri
Summary: This study evaluates the feasibility of achieving carbon neutrality in Finland by 2035, considering potential bottlenecks and resource shortages. It finds that the current climate strategy is outdated and insufficient to reach carbon neutrality by 2035. Alternative measures to improve sustainability and reduce emissions are also presented in the paper.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yuchen Ju, Pauli Hiltunen, Juha Jokisalo, Risto Kosonen, Sanna Syri
Summary: This study explores the application of demand response techniques in reducing heating costs for building owners. By modeling a district heating network in Espoo, Finland, dynamic district heat prices are defined. The results show that demand response control of space heating and a thermal energy storage tank can achieve energy cost savings of 9.6% and 3.4% respectively, and when both approaches are employed simultaneously, energy cost savings of 12.8% can be attained.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Iraj Moradpoor, Sanna Syri, Janne Hirvonen
Summary: The Finnish Government's target of carbon neutrality by 2035 poses a challenge for the district heat systems of Finnish cities, which still heavily rely on fossil fuels and peat. To address rising heat prices and prevent energy poverty, affordable low-carbon district heat solutions need to be developed. This study investigates the feasibility of various low-carbon scenarios utilizing biomass combustion and waste heat recovery technologies in different energy renovation levels. Economic and sensitivity analyses were conducted from utility and end-user perspectives, highlighting biomass HOB and waste heat-heat pump + electric boiler as cost-effective options.
CLEANER ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hanna K. Lappalainen, Tuukka Petaja, Timo Vihma, Jouni Raisanen, Alexander Baklanov, Sergey Chalov, Igor Esau, Ekaterina Ezhova, Matti Lepparanta, Dmitry Pozdnyakov, Jukka Pumpanen, Meinrat O. Andreae, Mikhail Arshinov, Eija Asmi, Jianhui Bai, Igor Bashmachnikov, Boris Belan, Federico Bianchi, Boris Biskaborn, Michael Boy, Jaana Back, Bin Cheng, Natalia Chubarova, Jonathan Duplissy, Egor Dyukarev, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Martin Forsius, Martin Heimann, Sirkku Juhola, Vladimir Konovalov, Igor Konovalov, Pavel Konstantinov, Kajar Koster, Elena Lapshina, Anna Lintunen, Alexander Mahura, Risto Makkonen, Svetlana Malkhazova, Ivan Mammarella, Stefano Mammola, Stephany Buenrostro Mazon, Outi Meinander, Eugene Mikhailov, Victoria Miles, Stanislav Myslenkov, Dmitry Orlov, Jean-Daniel Paris, Roberta Pirazzini, Olga Popovicheva, Jouni Pulliainen, Kimmo Rautiainen, Torsten Sachs, Vladimir Shevchenko, Andrey Skorokhod, Andreas Stohl, Elli Suhonen, Erik S. Thomson, Marina Tsidilina, Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen, Petteri Uotila, Aki Virkkula, Nadezhda Voropay, Tobias Wolf, Sayaka Yasunaka, Jiahua Zhang, Yubao Qiu, Aijun Ding, Huadong Guo, Valery Bondur, Nikolay Kasimov, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala
Summary: This study summarizes the results obtained in the northern Eurasian region and urban environments in China over the past 5 years in the context of the PEEX program. The study finds that although scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, there are still limitations and gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate-Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. The lack of coordinated and continuous in situ observations and integrative data analyses hinder a comprehensive system analysis.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)