Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ingvild Ulsaker-Janke, Torgeir Waaga, Tanja Waaga, Edvard I. Moser, May - Britt Moser
Summary: This study found that rats can develop grid-like neuron firing patterns in a specific environment, even without stable reference boundaries to guide them. After a few trials of training, these patterns become more clear. While some experience with external spatial boundaries is required for the expression of grid patterns in a new environment, this restricted spatial experience can be overcome with short-term training.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lok-Kin Yeung, Christiane Hale, Batool Rizvi, Kay Igwe, Richard P. Sloan, Lawrence S. Honig, Scott A. Small, Adam M. Brickman
Summary: The study found that the volume of the anterolateral entorhinal cortex (alERC) is associated with verbal memory retention and certain aspects of neuropsychological test performance, potentially related to cognitive impairments in Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Julien Poitreau, Manon Buttet, Christine Manrique, Bruno Poucet, Francesca Sargolini, Etienne Save
Summary: The study indicates that the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is necessary for place navigation using a global reference frame, while the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) and MEC are not required for navigation using a local reference frame. The identity of objects does not affect the accuracy of place navigation.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ilya D. Ionov, Irina I. Pushinskaya, Nicholas P. Gorev, Larissa A. Shpilevaya, David D. Frenkel, Nicholas N. Severtsev
Summary: A decreased H1 receptor activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (aCgCx) may lead to behavior changes related to depression. Blocking of H1 receptors in the aCgCx and lateral entorhinal cortex significantly reduces sucrose preference in rats, indicating a potential therapeutic target in depressive disorders.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lorenz Goenner, Christian Baeuchl, Franka Gloeckner, Philipp Riedel, Michael N. Smolka, Shu-Chen Li
Summary: Accumulated evidence from animal studies suggests that dopamine plays a role in memory processes, especially in situations involving novelty or rewards. However, our understanding of how dopamine affects spatial representations and spatial memory in humans is limited. Recent research indicates that dopamine pharmacology has age-specific regulation effects on the medial temporal lobe, a region crucial for spatial memory. The extent to which this modulation affects spatially patterned medial temporal representations is still unclear. By reanalyzing recent data, this study found that Levodopa, a dopamine precursor, impaired grid cell-like representations in a sample of young adults in a novel environment, along with reduced spatial memory performance. Interestingly, no impairment was observed when Levodopa was given to participants with prior experience of the task. These findings suggest that dopamine signaling may have a larger impact on shaping ongoing spatial representations than previously believed.
Article
Cell Biology
Jae-eun Kang Miller, Bradley R. Miller, Darik A. O'Neil, Rafael Yuste
Summary: Spontaneous activity and its relation to habituation in the cerebral cortex are investigated using two-photon calcium imaging in mouse primary visual cortex. The study shows that an increase in spontaneous activity is correlated with the degree of habituation, and increasing spontaneous activity accelerates habituation. The findings suggest that baseline spontaneous activity can gate incoming sensory information to the cortex based on the learned experience of the animal.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amaya Urdanoz-Casado, Javier Sanchez-Ruiz de Gordoa, Maitane Robles, Miren Roldan, Monica Macias Conde, Blanca Acha, Idoia Blanco-Luquin, Maite Mendioroz
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia. It has been found that a circular RNA (circRNA) derived from the APP gene may contribute to the synthesis of A beta peptides, providing an alternative pathway for A beta biogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression of a circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in the entorhinal cortex of AD patients, and observed decreased levels of circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) in AD cases compared to controls. We also found a negative correlation between A beta deposits and circAPP (hsa_circ_0007556) and APP expression levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Olayemi Joseph Olajide, Clifton Andrew Chapman
Summary: The study found that Aβ(1-42) can rapidly disrupt glutamatergic transmission in the entorhinal cortex, primarily by affecting molecular levels presynaptically and postsynaptically, and involving concurrent activation of GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tomas T. Roos, Megg G. Garcia, Isak Martinsson, Rana Mabrouk, Bodil Israelsson, Tomas Deierborg, Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen, Heikki Tanila, Gunnar K. Gouras
Summary: Research suggests that intracellular A beta plays a crucial role in the prion-like spread of Alzheimer's disease, leading to plaque formation and neuronal damage.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lee-Way Jin, Jacopo Di Lucente, Ulises Ruiz Mendiola, Nopparat Suthprasertporn, Alexey Tomilov, Gino Cortopassi, Kyoungmi Kim, Jon J. Ramsey, Izumi Maezawa
Summary: This study investigated the impact of BHB on AβO-stimulated hiMG and found that BHB can mitigate inflammation and mitochondrial damage caused by AβO, rectify MKP, and restore cellular function. The authors suggest that these effects of BHB may contribute to the therapeutic benefits of ketogenic diet intervention in aged mice and individuals with mild AD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunyang Wang, Di Shen, Yingqiu Hu, Jie Chen, Jingyun Liu, Yufei Huang, Xuebin Yu, Haiying Chu, Chenghong Zhang, Liangwei Yin, Yi Liu, Haiying Ma
Summary: BG45 is a selective HDAC3 inhibitor that can upregulate synaptic protein expression and reduce neuronal loss in the hippocampus. This study focuses on the inflammatory changes in the entorhinal cortex of APP/PS1 mice and explores the therapeutic effects of BG45 on these pathologies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jeongyoung Hwang, Hee Kyung Park, Hai-jeon Yoon, Jee Hyang Jeong, Hyunju Lee
Summary: This study investigated the use of regions of interest (ROIs) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes as features to predict amyloid-beta (A beta) positivity. The machine learning model combining ROIs and APOE had an accuracy of 0.798 and identified the average left entorhinal cortical region (L-ERC) thickness as an important feature for prediction. These findings suggest that ROIs from sMRIs, along with APOE, can be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Wafaa S. Ramadan, Saleh Alkarim
Summary: This study found that ellagic acid therapy can improve episodic memory in an Alzheimer's disease rat model, increase antioxidant capacity, reduce lipid peroxidation products, and decrease neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques in the ERC tissue.
Article
Neurosciences
Asgeir Kobro-Flatmoen, Thea Meier Hormann, Gunnar Gouras
Summary: This study characterizes the expression of Aβ(42) in the brains of outbred Wistar rats and compares it to the brains of human subjects without neurological disease. The results show that Aβ(42) is expressed in neurons throughout the brain of healthy Wistar rats, with the highest levels found in certain brain regions. These findings are consistent with the expression of Aβ(42) in human subjects, indicating that the McGill-R-Thy1-APP rat model for AD accurately represents the normal vulnerability to Aβ(42) accumulation in wild-type neuronal populations.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshiki Ito, Tomoyo Isoguchi Shiramatsu, Naoki Ishida, Karin Oshima, Kaho Magami, Hirokazu Takahashi
Summary: This study examined beat sensitivity in rats and found that they displayed prominent beat synchronization and activities in the auditory cortex within 120 to 140 BPM. Mathematical modeling revealed that short-term adaptation underlies this beat tuning. The findings suggest that the optimal tempo for beat synchronization is determined by the time constant of neural dynamics, rather than the species-specific time constant of physical movements.
