期刊
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
卷 -, 期 8, 页码 -出版社
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1088/1126-6708/2009/08/089
关键词
Penrose limit and pp-wave background; Black Holes; Spacetime Singularities
资金
- STFC [ST/G000506/1]
- RS [ST/F00706X/1]
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [ST/F00706X/1, ST/G000506/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- STFC [ST/G000506/1, ST/F00706X/1] Funding Source: UKRI
This work considers the way that quantum loop effects modify the propagation of light in curved space. The calculation of the refractive index for scalar QED is reviewed and then extended for the first time to QED with spinor particles in the loop. It is shown how, in both cases, the low frequency phase velocity can be greater than c, as found originally by Drummond and Hathrell, but causality is respected in the sense that retarded Green functions vanish outside the lightcone. A phenomenology of the refractive index is then presented for black holes, FRW universes and gravitational waves. In some cases, some of the polarization states propagate with a refractive index having a negative imaginary part indicating a potential breakdown of the optical theorem in curved space and possible instabilities.
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