Article
Plant Sciences
Mahboobeh Azarakhsh, Maria A. Lebedeva
Summary: Nodules are formed on legume plant roots due to symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and their development is similar to that of lateral roots. Phytohormones auxin and cytokinin play important roles in their development. Comparing the action of auxin and cytokinin in the development of nodules and lateral roots can help to understand their identity establishment.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun Yang, Liying Lan, Yue Jin, Nan Yu, Dong Wang, Ertao Wang
Summary: This article summarizes the recent advances in understanding the signaling, transcriptional regulation, and regulation of plant immunity during the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. It also proposes important questions to be addressed and provides insights into the potential for engineering nitrogen-fixing capacity in legume and non-legume plants.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mengbai Zhang, Huanan Su, Peter M. Gresshoff, Brett J. Ferguson
Summary: Legumes control their nodule numbers through autoregulation of nodulation, with shoot perception of rhizobia-induced CLE peptides suppressing miR2111 expression and inhibiting nodule organogenesis. The shoot-derived miR2111 is a critical factor positively regulating root nodule development and influencing root system architecture.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Laurent Sauviac, Antoine Remy, Emeline Huault, Melanie Dalmasso, Theophile Kazmierczak, Marie-Francoise Jardinaud, Ludovic Legrand, Corentin Moreau, Bryan Ruiz, Anne-Claire Cazale, Sophie Valiere, Benjamin Gourion, Laurence Dupont, Veronique Gruber, Eric Boncompagni, Eliane Meilhoc, Pierre Frendo, Florian Frugier, Claude Bruand
Summary: This study identified hundreds of plant and bacterial genes associated with nodule senescence through dual plant-bacteria RNA sequencing, providing a valuable resource for exploring the mechanisms of nodule senescence. The study revealed that genes related to both plant and bacterial cell cycle and stress responses play important roles in nodule senescence, suggesting complex regulatory networks involved in this process.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Manish Tiwari, Vimal Pandey, Baljinder Singh, Sabhyata Bhatia
Summary: miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating gene expression during different stages of legume-rhizobia symbiosis, impacting processes such as bacterial colonization, organogenesis, nitrogen fixation, and senescence.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Songli Yuan, Danxia Ke, Bo Liu, Mengke Zhang, Xiangyong Li, Haifeng Chen, Chanjuan Zhang, Yi Huang, Shuai Sun, Jiafang Shen, Shuqi Yang, Shunxin Zhou, Piao Leng, Yuefeng Guan, Xinan Zhou
Summary: This study identifies 13 novel proteins associated with Nod factor receptors and describes a potential interacting protein, GmBI-1a. GmBI-1a has a strong positive correlation with GmNFR1a and its expression is enhanced by rhizobial infection. Overexpression of GmBI-1a promotes nodule formation, while down-regulation reduces nodule number. The study provides new insights into the regulatory mechanism of GmNFR1a in the symbiotic process.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baolan Fu, Zhipeng Xu, Yutao Lei, Ru Dong, Yanan Wang, Xiaoli Guo, Hui Zhu, Yangrong Cao, Zhe Yan
Summary: Nodulation Receptor Kinase (NORK) acts as a co-receptor in legumes' rhizobial symbiosis, but the direct phosphorylation substrates that positively promote root nodulation have not been fully identified. This study found that GmNORK-Interacting Small Protein (GmNISP1) is a phosphorylation target of GmNORK and promotes soybean nodulation. GmNORK alpha interacts and phosphorylates GmNISP1, which is strongly induced after rhizobial infection. GmNISP1 is present in the apoplastic space and its phosphorylation by GmNORK enhances its secretion into the apoplast, potentially functioning as a peptide hormone to promote root nodulation.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Akira Akamatsu, Miwa Nagae, Yuka Nishimura, Daniela Romero Montero, Satsuki Ninomiya, Mikiko Kojima, Yumiko Takebayashi, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Naoya Takeda
Summary: Research shows that gibberellic acid (GA) inhibits root nodule symbiosis by regulating a negative-feedback system called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA signaling induces the expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), which activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.
Review
Plant Sciences
Divya Jain, Lauren Jones, Sonali Roy
Summary: Several gene editing techniques, including CRISPR-Cas9-based tools, have been developed for studying legume-rhizobia symbiosis. Gene editing has played a crucial role in identifying gene functions, validating genetic screens, resolving gene redundancy, and investigating symbiotic signaling networks in non-model plants. The integration of environmental signals with nitrogen fixation for climate-hardy legumes is important for their optimal functioning under varying conditions.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Liangliang Yu, Qi Di, Danping Zhang, Yumin Liu, Xiaolin Li, Kirankumar S. Mysore, Jiangqi Wen, Junhui Yan, Li Luo
Summary: PSK-delta, a novel legume-specific phytosulfokine, promotes symbiotic nodulation by enhancing nodule organogenesis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Jasmina Kurepa, Timothy E. Shull, Jan A. Smalle
Summary: Land plants have evolved mechanisms to protect themselves from environmental challenges, such as excessive radiation, nutrient deficiency, and fluctuations in temperature and water availability. One such mechanism is the regulation of shoot/root growth ratio through the actions of hormones auxin and cytokinin in response to water and nutrient availability. The evolution and establishment of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which is responsive to various stresses, offer evolutionary advantages by acting as antioxidants and aiding in root development and symbiotic relationships with beneficial soil fungi and bacteria. This review discusses the relationships between the auxin/cytokinin module and flavonoids, suggesting that flavonoids fine-tune auxin, which then regulates cytokinin action, consistent with the master regulatory function of auxin in controlling shoot/root growth ratio.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karen Velandia, James B. Reid, Eloise Foo
Summary: This review analyzes the role of plant hormones, including auxin, cytokinin, brassinosteroids, ethylene, and gibberellins, during the process of infection and organogenesis in legume plants. The findings suggest that these hormones have differential roles in the epidermal infection and cortical nodule initiation, development, and function. While most hormones suppress infection events, they promote nodule organogenesis, except for ethylene which suppresses nodule initiation.
PLANT COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Malinda S. Thilakarathna, Kevin R. Cope
Summary: Split-root assays are widely used in studies focusing on the regulatory mechanisms in legume-rhizobia symbioses, allowing separate treatment of divided root sections to monitor local and systemic plant responses. Various techniques can be used to establish split-root assemblies, mainly used in legume studies to understand mechanisms related to root nitrogen rhizodeposition, belowground nitrogen transfer, and nodulation regulation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Songkui Cui, Shoko Inaba, Takuya Suzaki, Satoko Yoshida
Summary: Plants have evolved different strategies to meet their nutritional needs, with parasitic plants using specialized structures to invade host plants and obtain nutrients, and legumes developing nodules to fix nitrogen. The formation of these organs is controlled by plant hormones and environmental factors, demonstrating the plasticity of plant organ development.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Arina Shrestha, Sihui Zhong, Jasmine Therrien, Terry Huebert, Shusei Sato, Terry Mun, Stig U. Andersen, Jens Stougaard, Agnes Lepage, Andreas Niebel, Loretta Ross, Krzysztof Szczyglowski
Summary: Legume root nodule organogenesis is initiated by the stimulation of root cells and involves the regulation of specific gene families to promote cellular differentiation and auxin signaling. The emergence of nodules is dependent on a regulatory cascade involving NF-YA1, STY genes, and downstream targets YUCCA1 and YUCCA11. These genes are important regulators of auxin signaling during the specific stage of nodule emergence in Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula.
Article
Plant Sciences
Akira Akamatsu, Miwa Nagae, Yuka Nishimura, Daniela Romero Montero, Satsuki Ninomiya, Mikiko Kojima, Yumiko Takebayashi, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Naoya Takeda
Summary: Research shows that gibberellic acid (GA) inhibits root nodule symbiosis by regulating a negative-feedback system called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA signaling induces the expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN), which activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Islam M. Y. Abdellatif, Shaoze Yuan, Renhu Na, Shizue Yoshihara, Haruyasu Hamada, Takuya Suzaki, Hiroshi Ezura, Kenji Miura
Summary: Heat stress is a prevalent negative factor affecting plant growth and development. In this study, the response of tomato phyA and phyB1B2 mutants to high temperatures at different growth stages was investigated. The mutants showed tolerance to heat stress during the seed germination and vegetative growth stages, while their response during the flowering stage was dependent on the duration of heat exposure. The vegetative growth stage demonstrated the highest tolerance, with increased membrane stability and water preservation achieved through stomatal closure regulation. Additionally, both mutants upregulated heat-responsive genes and the phyA mutant showed enhanced proline levels and lower malondialdehyde accumulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Sachiko Tanaka, Kayo Hashimoto, Yuuki Kobayashi, Koji Yano, Taro Maeda, Hiromu Kameoka, Tatsuhiro Ezawa, Katsuharu Saito, Kohki Akiyama, Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Summary: This study investigates the effects of two plant hormones on the growth and sporulation of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus clarus. The results demonstrate that these hormones can induce the production of a large number of spores and promote the growth of host plants.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fumika Misawa, Momoyo Ito, Shohei Nosaki, Hanna Nishida, Masahiro Watanabe, Takamasa Suzuki, Kenji Miura, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Takuya Suzaki
Summary: In this study, researchers discovered that LjNRT2.1 plays a crucial role in the LjNLP1-LjNLP4 signaling pathway by controlling nitrate uptake/transport to regulate nodulation. LjNLP1 and LjNRT2.1 are both important regulators in nodulation. These findings reveal a plant strategy in regulating nitrogen acquisition.
Article
Plant Sciences
Mika Hayashi-Tsugane, Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Summary: The leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase HAR1 mediates signaling pathways that suppress root branching and promote primary root length in response to nitrate supply. These findings are important for understanding the regulation of plant root morphology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Takashi Goto, Takashi Soyano, Meng Liu, Tomoko Mori, Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Summary: Nodule development requires spatiotemporal coordination between root epidermis and root cortex. In this study, we found that IAA carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (IAMT1) is transiently induced in wild-type roots at early stages of infection, but shows different expression dynamics in the mutant daphne. Knockdown of one of the IAMT1s, IAMT1a, inhibits nodule development in the root cortex. We also observed an increase in root MeIAA levels with rhizobial infection, and application of MeIAA induces expression of the symbiotic gene NIN in the absence of infection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Takuya Suzaki
Summary: During plant evolution, leguminous and a few other plant species have developed root nodule symbiosis (RNS), a nitrogen nutrient acquisition strategy based on mutual interaction with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Recent studies have focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying nodule organogenesis, with particular emphasis on the NODULE INCEPTION transcription factor and its target genes. Additionally, the role of the legume SHORTROOTSCARECROW module in the unique properties of legume cortical cells has been elucidated.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanna Nishida, Takuya Suzaki
Summary: Root nodule symbiosis is influenced by nitrogen availability and Lotus japonicus NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors LjNLP1 and LjNLP4 play important roles in gene regulation and nodulation response to nitrate. LjNLP1 specifically regulates the expression of the NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2 (LjNRT2) gene family, while both LjNLP1 and LjNLP4 regulate the expression of the LjNRT1 gene family, suggesting distinct functions in nitrate transport regulation.
GENES & GENETIC SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Islam M. Y. Abdellatif, Shaoze Yuan, Shizue Yoshihara, Takuya Suzaki, Hiroshi Ezura, Kenji Miura
Summary: The study finds that PHY photoreceptors play an important role in the drought response of tomato plants. The mutant lines of PHYA and PHYB in tomatoes show enhanced drought tolerance through reduced membrane damage, increased expression of ROS scavenger genes, inhibition of H2O2 accumulation, and enhanced antioxidant activities. These mutants also exhibit higher expression levels of aquaporins and higher relative water content, indicating improved hydration status under drought stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Meng Liu, Hiromu Kameoka, Akiko Oda, Taro Maeda, Takashi Goto, Koji Yano, Takashi Soyano, Masayoshi Kawaguchi
Summary: Legumes form root nodules in association with rhizobia to overcome nitrogen deficiency. ERN1 is a crucial transcription factor involved in the establishment of root nodule symbiosis, regulating processes such as cell wall remodeling and signal transduction. RNA sequencing revealed 234 genes associated with ERN1, involved in cell wall remodeling, signal transduction, hormone metabolism, and transcription regulation, expanding our understanding of the role of ERN1 in root nodule symbiosis.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masahide Seki, Yuta Kuze, Xiang Zhang, Ken-ichi Kurotani, Michitaka Notaguchi, Haruki Nishio, Hiroshi Kudoh, Takuya Suzaki, Satoko Yoshida, Sumio Sugano, Tomonao Matsushita, Yutaka Suzuki
Summary: TSS-seq2 is an improved method for detecting TSS, with higher accuracy and less bias compared to previous methods, achieved by introducing split ligation and other modifications. It can be conducted with as little as 5 ng of RNA and has been successfully applied to TSS analysis of four plant species.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Songkui Cui, Shoko Inaba, Takuya Suzaki, Satoko Yoshida
Summary: Plants have evolved different strategies to meet their nutritional needs, with parasitic plants using specialized structures to invade host plants and obtain nutrients, and legumes developing nodules to fix nitrogen. The formation of these organs is controlled by plant hormones and environmental factors, demonstrating the plasticity of plant organ development.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanna Nishida, Shohei Nosaki, Takamasa Suzuki, Momoyo Ito, Takuya Miyakawa, Mika Nomoto, Yasuomi Tada, Kenji Miura, Masaru Tanokura, Masayoshi Kawaguchi, Takuya Suzaki
Summary: Leguminous plants produce nodules for nitrogen fixation, but halt nodule development when sufficient nitrogen nutrients are present. Understanding how nitrate controls nodulation remains unclear, despite the identification of legume NODULE INCEPTION (NIN)-LIKE PROTEIN (NLP) transcription factors.
