期刊
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
卷 3, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00359
关键词
atmospheric metal deposition; colimitation; copper toxicity; incubation; nutrient addition experiment; picoeukaryote; Prochlorococcus; Synechococcus
类别
资金
- NSF [082571]
- NSF-OCE [0850467, 0752366]
- Steel Industry Foundation for the advancement of Environmental Protection Technology
- Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan
- Walwyn Hughes Fund for Innovation
- Ray Moore Endowment Fund at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS)
- National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Research Fellowship [NSF 1103575]
- Directorate For Geosciences [0850467] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Biological Infrastructure [1103575] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
This study investigated the impact of atmospheric metal deposition on natural phytoplankton communities at open-ocean and coastal sites in the Sargasso Sea during the spring bloom. Locally collected aerosols with different metal contents were added to natural phytoplankton assemblages from each site, and changes in nitrate, dissolved metal concentration, and phytoplankton abundance and carbon content were monitored. Addition of aerosol doubled the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) in the incubation water. Over the 3-day experiments, greater drawdown of dissolved metals occurred in the open ocean water, whereas little metal drawdown occurred in the coastal water. Two populations of picoeukaryotic algae and Synechococcus grew in response to aerosol additions in both experiments. Particulate organic carbon increased and was most sensitive to changes in picoeukaryote abundance. Phytoplankton community composition differed depending on the chemistry of the aerosol added. Enrichment with aerosol that had higher metal content led to a 10-fold increase in Synechococcus abundance in the oceanic experiment but not in the coastal experiment. Enrichment of aerosol-derived Co, Mn, and Ni were particularly enhanced in the oceanic experiment, suggesting the Synechococcus population may have been fertilized by these aerosol metals. Cu-binding ligand concentrations were in excess of dissolved Cu in both experiments, and increased with aerosol additions. Bioavailable free hydrated Cu2+ concentrations were below toxicity thresholds throughout both experiments. These experiments show (1) atmospheric deposition contributes biologically important metals to seawater, (2) these metals are consumed over time scales commensurate with cell growth, and (3) growth responses can differ between distinct Synechococcus or eukaryotic algal populations despite their relatively close geographic proximity and taxonomic similarity.
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