Article
Food Science & Technology
Martin B. Koeppel, Jana Glaser, Tobias Baumgartner, Stefanie Spriewald, Roman G. Gerlach, Benedikt von Armansperg, John M. Leong, Baerbel Stecher
Summary: This study established a set of chromosomal stx2 reporter assays to investigate the expression and regulation of Stx2 in the gut, utilizing two systems based on sfGFP and gluc for detection at single-cell level or in culture supernatant. This new reporter tools are envisioned to be highly useful in analyzing the impact of environmental and host factors on Stx2 release and identifying risk factors and new therapies in Stx-mediated pathologies.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Hatim Thaker, Chunyan Wang, Zhonggao Xu, Min Dong
Summary: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute kidney injury (AKI). Early diagnosis is crucial for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. The review provides an overview of diagnostic methods and preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating STEC-HUS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wouter J. C. Feitz, Samuel Suntharalingham, Meraj Khan, Carolina G. Ortiz-Sandoval, Nades Palaniyar, Lambert P. van den Heuvel, Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar, Christoph Licht
Summary: Stx2a induces NET formation in neutrophils through the NOX-dependent pathway, with neutrophils from acute STEC-HUS patients showing lower ROS and NET formation compared to the recovery phase and healthy controls.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yugyeong Lee, Min-Hyeok Kim, David Rodrigues Alves, Sejoong Kim, Luke P. Lee, Jong Hwan Sung, Sungsu Park
Summary: A gut-kidney axis (GKA) on chip was developed to simulate and observe simultaneously the infection and intoxication in gut and kidney cells on the same platform. The study showed that ciprofloxacin treatment caused more damage than gentamicin treatment, which is crucial for studying the effects of antibiotics on the risk of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).
Review
Food Science & Technology
Benoit Travert, Cedric Rafat, Patricia Mariani, Aurelie Cointe, Antoine Dossier, Paul Coppo, Adrien Joseph
Summary: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) historically considered pediatric disease, is characterized by bloody diarrhea, but in adults, the clinical presentation is more diverse and associated with neurological symptoms and a poorer prognosis. There is a need for more studies focused on adult patients to better understand and treat this disease.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yang Liu, Songhai Tian, Hatim Thaker, Min Dong
Summary: Shiga toxins are classic bacterial toxins associated with Shigella dysenteriae and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, leading to life-threatening complications such as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The lack of toxin inhibitors and effective treatments exacerbates the threat posed by Stxs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lucrezia Rocchetti, Beatrice Munari, Elisa Varrone, Elisa Porcellini, Dorothea Orth-Hoeller, Reinhard Wuerzner, Domenica Carnicelli, Maurizio Brigotti
Summary: The pathogenesis of eHUS is influenced by pathogenic E. coli producing Stx and host factors. Stx2a is considered the main pathogenic factor in eHUS development, with its functional properties changing based on modifications of toxin structure.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xinxia Sui, Xi Yang, Ming Luo, Hua Wang, Qian Liu, Hui Sun, Yujuan Jin, Yannong Wu, Xiangning Bai, Yanwen Xiong
Summary: This study found that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) circulating in asymptomatic food handlers is genetically distinct from the strains causing disease, suggesting a low potential for disease-causing.
Article
Immunology
Nicolas Garimano, Maria Lujan Scalise, Fernando Gomez, Maria Marta Amaral, Cristina Ibarra
Summary: This study investigates the effects of sugars derived from colonic mucus on the growth, adhesion, and production of the virulence factor Stx2 in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). The results show that different sugars have varying impacts on EHEC growth, adhesion, and Stx2 production and translocation. These findings provide insights into the role of commensal microbiota in E. coli pathogenicity and the development of severe disease.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Valentina Capone, Maria Cristina Mancuso, Giacomo Tamburini, Giovanni Montini, Gianluigi Ardissino
Summary: The presence of hemoglobinuria/hematuria in children with Stx2+ bloody diarrhea is a sensitive and specific marker for early identification of HUS, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 85%. Monitoring with urine dipstick/urinalysis is strongly recommended to identify HUS in these patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Kyung-Soo Lee, Yu-Jin Jeong, Moo-Seung Lee
Summary: Escherichia coli (EHEC) and Shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 are enterohemorrhagic bacteria that induce hemorrhagic colitis. They produce Shiga toxins (Stxs) which inhibits protein synthesis in host cells, leading to severe complications.
Article
Immunology
Kenichi Lee, Atsushi Iguchi, Kazuhiro Uda, Sohshi Matsumura, Isao Miyairi, Kenji Ishikura, Makoto Ohnishi, Junji Seto, Kanako Ishikawa, Noriko Konishi, Hiromi Obata, Ichiro Furukawa, Hiromi Nagaoka, Hirotaka Morinushi, Natsuki Hama, Ryohei Nomoto, Hiroshi Nakajima, Hideaki Kariya, Mitsuhiro Hamasaki, Sunao Iyoda
Summary: This study reports a fatal case of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in Japan. The genotype of the isolate was identified as OX18:H2, and whole-genome sequencing revealed 3 potentially pathogenic lineages (OX18:H2, H19, and H34) that have been continuously isolated in Japan.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kyung-Soo Lee, Jieun Lee, Pureum Lee, Bong Chan Jeon, Min Yeong Song, Sojung Kwak, Jungwoon Lee, Jun-Seob Kim, Doo-Jin Kim, Ji Hyung Kim, Vernon L. Tesh, Moo-Seung Lee, Sung-Kyun Park
Summary: This study reveals that O-GlcNAcylation is acutely increased upon induction of ER stress by Shiga toxins, and inhibition of this modification effectively suppresses apoptotic and inflammatory responses in susceptible cells. Inhibition of aberrant O-GlcNAcylation improves major disease symptoms and survival rate in mice injected with a lethal dose of Stx, suggesting it as a potential approach to treat Stx-mediated diseases.
EMBO MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wouter J. C. Feitz, Petra A. van Setten, Thea J. A. M. van der Velden, Christoph Licht, Lambert P. J. W. van den Heuvel, Nicole C. A. J. van de Kar
Summary: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a disease characterized by a triad of symptoms caused by infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli bacteria. While predominantly affecting children, the syndrome leads to kidney damage. Research has shown that cells isolated from pediatric and adult kidneys do not significantly differ in their biological responses to Shiga toxin.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Romina S. Alvarez, Fernando D. Gomez, Elsa Zotta, Adrienne W. Paton, James C. Paton, Cristina Ibarra, Flavia Sacerdoti, Maria M. Amaral
Summary: In vitro, Stx2 and SubAB had similar effects on renal cell damage individually and together; however, in vivo, co-injection of these toxins reduced survival time, caused weight loss, worsened renal function, and induced erythrocyte morphological alterations in mice more severely compared to separate injections. This study provides valuable information on the in vivo effects of Stx2 and SubAB acting together during STEC infections.