Article
Neurosciences
Christian Cazares, Drew C. Schreiner, Christina M. Gremel
Summary: Alcohol dependence can lead to deficits in decision-making and action control, with long-lasting changes in the orbitofrontal cortex function. Alcohol dependence disrupts goal-directed action control by enhancing activity associated with actions but diminishing outcome-related information in the OFC. This suggests a lasting disruption in OFC function induced by chronic alcohol exposure.
Article
Biology
Kevin J. Miller, Matthew M. Botvinick, Carlos D. Brody
Summary: Humans and animals predict the rewards they expect to receive in different situations, known as value representations, which play roles in both decision-making and learning. Research shows that these representations do not directly drive choices, but rather transmit expected reward information to a learning process responsible for updating choice mechanisms in the brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ruben van den Bosch, Britt Lambregts, Jessica Maatta, Lieke Hofmans, Danae Papadopetraki, Andrew Westbrook, Robbert-Jan Verkes, Jan Booij, Roshan Cools
Summary: Psychostimulants like methylphenidate have varying effects on cognitive enhancement, which depend on baseline striatal dopamine levels and corticostriatal gating of reward/punishment-related representations in sensory cortex. Methylphenidate can improve attention and reward learning, but the mechanisms behind these effects are still unclear.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
X. Yang, X. Liu, Y. Zeng, R. Wu, W. Zhao, F. Xin, S. Yao, K. M. Kendrick, R. P. Ebstein, B. Becker
Summary: The study found that primary rewards decrease in hedonic value with repeated receipt, while secondary rewards increase in hedonic value and preference. This suggests that secondary reinforcers, such as money, can acquire enhanced incentive motivation with repeated receipt.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kaue Machado Costa, Robert Scholz, Kevin Lloyd, Perla Moreno-Castilla, Matthew P. H. Gardner, Peter Dayan, Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Summary: Research suggests that the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) may play a role in behavior not only by simulating outcomes, but also by supporting map creation. Inactivation of lOFC principal neurons disrupted subsequent inference and led to generalized devaluation, indicating a selective role of the lOFC in defining the specificity of associations in cognitive maps.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ondrej Zika, Katja Wiech, Andrea Reinecke, Michael Browning, Nicolas W. Schuck
Summary: This study investigates the influence of trait anxiety on hidden-state inference. The results show that trait anxiety is associated with rapid expectation switches after contingency reversals and reduced oddball learning. Furthermore, trait anxiety is related to better fit of a state inference model when contingency changes are large. These findings support the role of hidden-state inference in anxiety-related fear relapse phenomena.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Elizabeth A. West, Mark Niedringhaus, Heather K. Ortega, Rachel M. Haake, Flavio Frohlich, Regina M. Carelli
Summary: The study establishes the importance of the PrL-NAc core circuit in behavioral flexibility and introduces a novel noninvasive brain stimulation method to rescue cocaine-induced frontal hypofunction and restore flexible behavior in rats.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Johan Alsio, Olivia Lehmann, Colin McKenzie, David E. Theobald, Lydia Searle, Jing Xia, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Trevor W. Robbins
Summary: Across-species studies have found an evolutionarily conserved role for serotonin in flexible behavior, including reversal learning. This study aimed to investigate the contribution of serotonin in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to visual discrimination and reversal learning. The findings revealed differential effects of serotonin within the two prefrontal cortex subregions on cognitive flexibility during visual discrimination and reversal learning.
Article
Neurosciences
Chao Xie, Tianye Jia, Edmund T. Rolls, Trevor W. Robbins, Barbara J. Sahakian, Jie Zhang, Zhaowen Liu, Wei Cheng, Qiang Luo, Chun-Yi Zac Lo, He Wang, Tobias Banaschewski, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Christian Buechel, Erin Burke Quinlan, Sylvane Desrivieres, Herta Flor, Antoine Grigis, Hugh Garavan, Penny Gowland, Andreas Heinz, Sarah Hohmann, Bernd Ittermann, Jean-Luc Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere Martinot, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Tomas Paus, Luise Poustka, Juliane H. Froehner, Michael N. Smolka, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Gunter Schumann, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: The study found that the medial OFC exhibited graded activation increases to reward while the lateral OFC had graded activation increases to nonreward. Both medial and lateral OFC activations were associated with concurrent depressive symptoms at ages 14 and 19. In a longitudinal design, it was found that greater sensitivity to nonreward of the lateral OFC at age 14 predicted high depressive symptom severity at age 19.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lucy L. Russell, Caroline V. Greaves, Rhian S. Convery, Jennifer Nicholas, Jason D. Warren, Diego Kaski, Jonathan D. Rohrer
Summary: The study developed a set of simple, instructionless tasks of emotion recognition using eye tracking, aimed at assessing social cognition in individuals with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Results showed that eye tracking is a viable tool for evaluating social cognition and can overcome some issues associated with standard psychometric tasks.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hirofumi Tomiyama, Keitaro Murayama, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Kenta Kato, Akira Matsuo, Aikana Ohno, Mingi Kang, Osamu Togao, Kousei Ishigami, Tomohiro Nakao
Summary: Gyrification patterns are indicative of early neurodevelopment and may have a strong heritable component. Although findings have been inconsistent, it has been consistently observed that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder exhibit altered gyrification patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex. However, no studies have yet examined gyrification alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives of these patients.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marios C. Panayi, Mehdi Khamassi, Simon Killcross
Summary: Our understanding of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function has become increasingly refined, from valuing expected outcomes to representing latent states and making inferences in cognitive maps. Recent findings suggest the need for further refinement of current models to account for deficits in reversal learning, outcome devaluation, and initial acquisition learning following OFC dysfunction. The OFC likely plays a key role in the formation and use of cognitive maps, with different subregions potentially contributing to this overall function.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hiroshi Kuniishi, Yuko Nakatake, Masayuki Sekiguchi, Mitsuhiko Yamada
Summary: Early-life social isolation is associated with social and emotional problems in adulthood. The present study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying how social deprivation impairs social and emotional development through the disruption of information processing in the OFC-BLA pathway. The results suggest that distinct postsynaptic changes in the mOFC-BLA and lOFC-BLA synapses contribute separately to abnormalities in social and emotional development.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Cheng-Wei Shih, Chun-hui Chang
Summary: Renewal of anxiety symptoms can occur after exposure therapy, with aberrant activation of lateral or medial OFC impacting the ability of rats to distinguish between safe and dangerous contexts. Lateral OFC activation may lead to high fear levels, while medial OFC activation may result in low fear levels during extinction trials.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Vijay Mohan K. Namboodiri, Garret D. Stuber
Summary: This article discusses the role of brain circuits in forming cognitive maps to process and store statistical relationships in the environment, proposing the concepts of prospective and retrospective cognitive maps. Cognitive maps describe environmental states and their relationships, influencing many neural signals and behaviors.
Review
Psychology
Melissa J. Sharpe, Thomas Stalnaker, Nicolas W. Schuck, Simon Killcross, Geoffrey Schoenbaum, Yael Niv
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PSYCHOLOGY, VOL 70
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Roughley, Simon Killcross
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Asheeta A. Prasad, Caroline Xie, Chanchanok Chaichim, Jennifer H. Nguyen, Hannah E. McClusky, Simon Killcross, John M. Power, Gavan P. McNally
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Yu Liu, Philip Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel, Joanna Oi-Yue Yau, Alexandra Willing, Asheeta A. Prasad, John M. Power, Simon Killcross, Colin W. G. Clifford, Gavan P. McNally
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Ines Barreiros, Marios C. Panayi, Mark E. Walton
Summary: This study utilized a retrograde tracer to investigate the projections into different subdivisions of the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and found distinct connectivity patterns and strengths from various brain regions. While some regions showed a gradient in connectivity strength, others exhibited almost exclusive projections to specific OFC subdivisions. The differences in input patterns between anterior lateral (ALO) and posterior lateral (PLO) were as pronounced as those between PLO and posterior ventral (PVO).
Article
Neurosciences
Oliver Harmson, Laura L. Grima, Marios C. Panayi, Masud Husain, Mark E. Walton
Summary: The serotonin system, particularly the 5-HT2C receptor, plays a crucial role in regulating behavioral control. Systemic perturbation of 5-HT2C receptors enhances rats' performance and instrumental vigor on tasks requiring action, but reduces their ability to withhold responding for rewards. Inducing a hyperdopaminergic state in the NAcC impairs response restraint and speeds action initiation.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Neurosciences
Laura L. Grima, Marios C. Panayi, Oliver Harmson, Emilie C. J. Syed, Sanjay G. Manohar, Masud Husain, Mark E. Walton
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Laura L. Grima, Marios C. Panayi, Oliver Harmson, Emilie C. J. Syed, Sanjay G. Manohar, Masud Husain, Mark E. Walton
Summary: Pharmacologically manipulating dopamine transmission affects animals' reward-driven behavioral control, especially in contexts where it is necessary to withhold actions to achieve beneficial outcomes. The balance of activity at NAcC D1Rs plays a key role in enabling animals to rapidly activate a focused, reward-seeking state.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan E. Hart, Matthew P. H. Gardner, Marios C. Panayi, Thorsten Kahnt, Geoffrey Schoenbaum
Summary: Recording both single-unit activity and calcium signals in the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of rats during olfactory discrimination learning, we found that the calcium signal only provided a degraded estimate of the information available in the single-unit spiking, primarily reflecting reward value.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios C. Panayi, Thomas Boerner, Thomas Jahans-Price, Anna Huber, Rolf Sprengel, Gary Gilmour, David J. Sanderson, Paul J. Harrison, Mark E. Walton, David M. Bannerman
Summary: Psychosis in disorders like schizophrenia is associated with aberrant salience and elevated striatal dopamine. The cause of this hyper-dopaminergic state is unknown. Deficits in glutamatergic function and synaptic plasticity may contribute to schizophrenia, including deficits associated with the GluA1 AMPAR subunit. This study shows that GluA1 dysfunction, resulting in impaired short-term habituation, is a key driver of enhanced striatal dopamine responses, which may contribute to aberrant salience and psychosis in psychiatric disorders.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah Alfonsa, Richard J. Burman, Paul J. N. Brodersen, Sarah E. Newey, Kashif Mahfooz, Tomoko Yamagata, Marios C. Panayi, David M. Bannerman, Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy, Colin J. Akerman
Summary: Extended wakefulness leads to reduced performance and increased sleep pressure, which results in changes in network activity in the cortex. These changes are influenced by waking experience and are regulated by intracellular chloride, which affects the strength of GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibition in cortical pyramidal neurons. The shift in GABA(A) receptor equilibrium potential during wakefulness reflects local activity-dependent processes and is mediated by changes in chloride cotransporter activity. These findings highlight the importance of chloride regulation in linking sleep-wake history, cortical activity, and behavior.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marios C. Panayi, Simon Killcross
Summary: Reward predictive cues can selectively motivate instrumental behaviors. Specific satiety devaluation can disrupt the specific Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT) effect by habituating the outcome's sensory properties. These findings suggest that specific satiety might disrupt the use of sensory specific outcome representations to guide behavior independent of outcome value.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marios C. Panayi, Mehdi Khamassi, Simon Killcross
Summary: Our understanding of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) function has become increasingly refined, from valuing expected outcomes to representing latent states and making inferences in cognitive maps. Recent findings suggest the need for further refinement of current models to account for deficits in reversal learning, outcome devaluation, and initial acquisition learning following OFC dysfunction. The OFC likely plays a key role in the formation and use of cognitive maps, with different subregions potentially contributing to this overall function.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Ines Barreiros, Hironori Ishii, Mark E. Walton, Marios C. Panayi
Summary: This review discusses the functional heterogeneity within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and its relationship with underlying anatomical heterogeneity. The importance of analyzing distinctions within OFC subregions along the medial-lateral and anterior-posterior axes is highlighted, revealing patterns of dissociable but often complementary functions within the OFC.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Roughley, Simon Killcross