Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert L. Korty
Summary: Research based on a 30-year record of ocean current velocities suggests that tropical cyclones have intensified over time, which aligns with the belief that their strength will increase as the planet warms.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chengyuan Pang, Maxim Nikurashin, Beatriz Pena-Molino, Bernadette M. Sloyan
Summary: In addition to local tidal mixing, remotely generated planetary waves and eddies also contribute to the mixing in the upper ocean of the Indonesian Seas. The intense mixing observed in this region plays a crucial role in the climate of the Indonesian Seas by cooling the surface temperature and affecting atmospheric convection. The energy generated in the Indian and Pacific Oceans is transported to the Indonesian Seas by planetary waves and eddies, and it is estimated that a significant amount of energy enters the region through the straits.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amit Meller
Summary: The research report highlights significant progress in nanopore-based rereading of DNA-peptide conjugates.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuyang Ma, Bin Kang, Jianchao Li, Peng Sun, Yang Liu, Zhenjiang Ye, Yongjun Tian
Summary: Climate change has had a direct impact on China's fisheries, particularly due to increasing water temperatures in the China Seas. Over the past decade, 20% of fishing species have lost a quarter of their habitats, and this proportion is expected to increase to nearly half by 2050. Different provinces face varying climate risks to their fisheries, with the northern provinces characterized by low hazard and high exposure, and the southern provinces facing high hazard and low exposure. Adapting to climate change involves shifting fishing targets, improving fishing efficiency, diversifying catches, and updating fishery-related industries.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ignacio Herrera Anchustegui, Violeta S. S. Radovich
Summary: This paper examines the current regulation and governance of wind energy turbines on the high seas, identifying the regulatory challenges. The study focuses on the existing regulatory framework for developing marine wind farms beyond national jurisdiction, the characteristics of wind farms and turbines in these areas, and the potential governance schemes and institutions for coordinating and regulating future marine wind energy development. The research concludes that while the deployment of wind turbines on the high seas is possible under public international law, there are still many unresolved and loosely regulated issues. The paper explores where, by whom, and how marine wind parks can be built on the high seas according to public international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and evaluates the role of marine spatial planning in high seas wind energy development.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
I. M. Peters, C. Breyer, S. A. Jaffer, S. Kurtz, T. Reindl, R. Sinton, M. Vetter
Summary: Batteries play a crucial role in the transition towards terawatt levels of photovoltaics by reducing fluctuations in electricity generation and enabling higher adoption rates. Technological, economic, and policy innovations are needed to expand the adoption of batteries in solar energy systems.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuze Li, Peng Jia, Shangrong Jiang, Haijiang Li, Haibo Kuang, Yongmiao Hong, Shouyang Wang, Xueting Zhao, Dabo Guan
Summary: In this paper, a Geographic-based Emission Estimation Model (GEEM) is proposed to estimate shipping GHG emission patterns on high seas regions. The results indicate that annual emissions of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-e) in shipping on the high seas reached 211.60 million metric tonnes in 2019, accounting for about one-third of all shipping emissions globally and exceeding annual GHG emissions of countries such as Spain. The average emission from shipping activities on the high seas is growing at approximately 7.26% per year, which far surpasses the growth rate of global shipping emission at 2.23%.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marius Arthun, Helene Asbjornsen, Leon Chafik, Helen L. Johnson, Kjetil Vage
Summary: Contrary to the North Atlantic, the overturning circulation in the Nordic Seas is projected to increase throughout most of the 21st century, according to global climate models. The increased circulation is attributed to enhanced horizontal circulation and a strengthened zonal density gradient. This could potentially stabilize the future Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC).
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Pamela Reynolds
Summary: Given the urgency of the climate change problem, waste in hospitals, though necessary for infection control, is prevalent and concerning.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emna Ben Lamine, Alexandre Schickele, Eric Goberville, Gregory Beaugrand, Denis Allemand, Virginie Raybaud
Summary: Investigating the future distributional changes of fish species in the Mediterranean Sea is important for the fisheries and aquaculture industry to adapt to climate change. This study used ensemble modelling to estimate the current and future distribution range of eight economically valuable demersal fish species. The results show that temperature and primary production are the main factors influencing their distribution. The projections suggest a contraction of their distribution range and a shift towards the North European coasts in response to future climate conditions. This has significant economic implications for Mediterranean fisheries.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Markus Johansson, David Langlet, Olof Larsson, Asa Lofgren, Niklas Harring, Sverker Jagers
Summary: Massive resource infusion and coordination between state and market actors are essential for developing and diffusing deep decarbonisation technologies. Policy-makers must carefully consider the diverging views on low carbon transition policies and interventions necessary for technological transformation. The absence of a one-size-fits-all policy highlights the importance of designing policies with consideration for market and technological investment risks to optimize climate benefits.
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Daniel Lambach
Summary: The governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) is shifting towards a polycentric patchwork of functional governance areas, driven by the desire to make maritime spaces safe for human activity and exploitation through territorialization. This trend emphasizes the importance of dividing marine spaces into different functional areas for management and use, beyond the effectiveness of area-based management tools.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jorge P. Rodriguez, Juan Fernandez-Gracia, Carlos M. Duarte, Xabier Irigoien, Victor M. Eguiluz
Summary: Managing fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction is challenging due to the complex network structure between harbors and fishing areas, as well as the impact of fishing activities in high seas on sustainable management efforts by nations.
Review
Biology
Amanda Xuereb, Quentin Rougemont, Peter Tiffin, Huijie Xue, Megan Phifer-Rixey
Summary: The article discusses the importance and emerging development of eco-evolutionary individual-based models in studying species' adaptation to rapidly changing environments. Studies suggest that this approach has the potential to enhance our understanding of species' adaptation to climate change, while also highlighting limitations of current models and opportunities for further development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Ana-Maria Chirosca, Liliana Rusu
Summary: This study uses the ERA5 database to assess the wind speed and wave parameters in high maritime traffic areas in European seas. It identifies the main European routes and extreme environmental conditions along them.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Environmental Studies
Brendan Moore, Caroline Verfuerth, Angela Mae Minas, Christianne Tipping, Sarah Mander, Irene Lorenzoni, Claire Hoolohan, Andrew J. Jordan, Lorraine Whitmarsh
Summary: The article reviews social science literature on climate change mitigation focusing on transformation-related terms, revealing a diverse and fragmented research field primarily concentrating on national, city, international, energy sector, and high-income country levels. Despite the rapid increase in the use of transformation terminology, there is a lack of shared definitions, posing a serious challenge to scholarship and evidence-based policy making. The proposal of transformational climate change mitigation as a new umbrella term aims to facilitate a more cumulative and impactful approach to research.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Environmental Studies
Simon Bullock, James Mason, Alice Larkin
Summary: International shipping heavily relies on fossil fuels and emits a considerable amount of carbon dioxide annually, making emission reduction actions crucial for global climate change efforts. The article re-evaluates the sector's emission reduction targets, highlighting the need for significantly stronger short- and longer-term goals to align with the Paris Agreement.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Clair Gough, Sarah Mander
Summary: This paper explores the opportunities for and progress in establishing a social licence to operate (SLO) for CCS in industrial clusters in the UK, focusing on the perspectives of key stakeholders. It evaluates the evolution of narratives and networks related to geographical clusters as niches for CCS in industrial decarbonisation, in relation to seven pillars supporting SLO. The evidence is drawn from a combination of cluster mapping, documentary analysis, and stakeholder interviews.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jaise Kuriakose, Kevin Anderson, Deborah Darko, Emmanuel Obuobie, Alice Larkin, Salifu Addo
Summary: Research shows that shallow reservoirs in the tropics emit significant greenhouse gas emissions. In Ghana, although existing and planned hydro resources may only account for less than 1% of their future energy demand, their cumulative emissions can consume 40% of the country's carbon budget under the Paris Agreement. Therefore, instead of constructing more dams, it would be more aligned with the Paris goals for Ghana to focus on energy efficiency and diversifying renewable energy options.
ENERGY FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Studies
Simon Bullock, Eliott Higgins, James Crossan, Alice Larkin
Summary: Shore power is a proven technology that can reduce carbon emissions from the shipping sector while improving air quality. However, its global deployment has been slow due to economic barriers, including high capital costs, high taxes on land-side electricity, and the lack of taxation on ships' fuel oils. This article presents a case study of the Port of Aberdeen in Scotland to explore how the economic case for shore power can be improved. By engaging port users, suppliers, and the national government, a collaborative approach can accelerate the deployment of shore power and align the sector's carbon pathway with the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Article
Engineering, Marine
James Mason, Alice Larkin, Alejandro Gallego-Schmid
Summary: Reducing the shipping sector's contribution to climate change requires urgent emission reductions this decade. Combining sails with efficient routing can amplify the performance of each technology, but the impact of stochastic uncertainty from wind forecasts is unknown. This study presents a novel approach to characterize this uncertainty and shows that an adaptive weather routing strategy can reduce uncertainty and reliably amplify carbon savings from wind propulsion technology.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simon Bullock, Claire Hoolohan, Alice Larkin
Summary: Shore power connects ships to land-side electricity grids, reducing fuel use in port and cutting carbon dioxide emissions and air pollution. However, the global deployment of shore power, especially in countries like the UK, is slow. This study uses two theoretical frameworks to identify barriers to UK shore power deployment, including the need for capital funding and taxation policies. It also highlights the low status of shipping in the political hierarchy as a hindrance to implementation. Strengthening interactions between shipping actors is crucial for increasing political pressure and implementing policies supporting shore power and shipping as a whole. These changes are essential for meeting the emission reduction targets of the Paris Agreement in UK shipping.
Article
Engineering, Marine
James Mason, Alice Larkin, Simon Bullock, Nico van der Kolk, John F. Broderick
Summary: Combining voyage optimisation with wind propulsion can significantly reduce carbon emissions in the global shipping sector. Voyage optimisation amplifies carbon savings to over 30% on ideal routes, and reducing shipping speeds further increases the savings. The combination of all technologies can reduce carbon emissions by up to 60%, demonstrating the potential of existing technologies in reducing shipping's carbon footprint.
Article
Environmental Studies
Claire Hoolohan, Carly McLachlan, Christopher Jones, Alice Larkin, Christina Birch, Sarah Mander, John Broderick
Summary: Scope 3 emissions from the UK higher education sector are globally significant, with long-distance air travel and catering being particularly emissions-intensive aspects. Universities recognize their role in creating demand for such emissions, but lack specific emission reduction targets and action plans. Achieving greater cohesion in reporting and target-setting across the sector is crucial to raise ambition and identify opportunities for institutions to disrupt professional practices for emissions reduction.
Article
Environmental Studies
M. Sharmina, O. Y. Edelenbosch, C. Wilson, R. Freeman, D. E. H. J. Gernaat, P. Gilbert, A. Larkin, E. W. Littleton, M. Traut, D. P. van Vuuren, N. E. Vaughan, F. R. Wood, C. Le Quere
Summary: This study highlights the necessity of significant emission reductions in critical sectors such as aviation, shipping, road freight transport, and industry to limit global warming to 1.5-2 degrees C, as technological supply-side options alone may not be sufficient to achieve rapid decarbonisation. Policy priorities include promoting affordable alternatives to air travel, enhancing connectivity between low-carbon travel modes, reducing transportation speed and demand for fossil fuels, as well as encouraging distributed manufacturing and a shift towards a circular economy. The COVID-19 pandemic provides a unique opportunity to implement lasting CO2 emissions reductions by reducing reliance on carbon removal technologies through significant demand reductions for critical sectors' activities.
Article
Environmental Studies
Ioan Fazey, Niko Schapke, Guido Caniglia, Anthony Hodgson, Ian Kendrick, Christopher Lyon, Glenn Page, James Patterson, Chris Riedy, Tim Strasser, Stephan Verveen, David Adams, Bruce Goldstein, Matthias Klaes, Graham Leicester, Alison Linyard, Adrienne McCurdy, Paul Ryan, Bill Sharpe, Giorgia Silvestri, Ali Yansyah Abdurrahim, David Abson, Olufemi Samson Adetunji, Paulina Aldunce, Carlos Alvarez-Pereira, Jennifer Marie Amparo, Helene Amundsen, Lakin Anderson, Lotta Andersson, Michael Asquith, Karoline Augenstein, Jack Barrie, David Bent, Julia Bentz, Arvid Bergsten, Carol Berzonsky, Olivia Bina, Kirsty Blackstock, Joanna Boehnert, Hilary Bradbury, Christine Brand, Jessica Bohme, Marianne Mille Bojer, Esther Carmen, Lakshmi Charli-Joseph, Sarah Choudhury, Supot Chunhachoti-ananta, Jessica Cockburn, John Colvin, Irena L. C. Connon, Rosalind Cornforth, Robin S. Cox, Nicholas Cradock-Henry, Laura Cramer, Almendra Cremaschi, Halvor Dannevig, Catherine T. Day, Cathel de Lima Hutchison, Anke de Vrieze, Vikas Desai, Jonathan Dolley, Dominic Duckett, Rachael Amy Durrant, Markus Egermann, Emily Elsner (Adams), Chris Fremantle, Jessica Fullwood-Thomas, Diego Galafassi, Jen Gobby, Ami Golland, Shiara Kirana Gonzalez-Padron, Irmelin Gram-Hanssen, Jakob Grandin, Sara Grenni, Jade Lauren Gunnell, Felipe Gusmao, Maike Hamann, Brian Harding, Gavin Harper, Mia Hesselgren, Dina Hestad, Cheryl Anne Heykoop, Johan Holmen, Kirsty Holstead, Claire Hoolohan, Andra-Ioana Horcea-Milcu, Lummina Geertruida Horlings, Stuart Mark Howden, Rachel Angharad Howell, Sarah Insia Huque, Mirna Liz Inturias Canedo, Chidinma Yvonne Iro, Christopher D. Ives, Beatrice John, Rajiv Joshi, Sadhbh Juarez-Bourke, Dauglas Wafula Juma, Bea Cecilie Karlsen, Lea Kliem, Andreas Klaey, Petra Kuenkel, Iris Kunze, David Patrick Michael Lam, Daniel J. Lang, Alice Larkin, Ann Light, Christopher Luederitz, Tobias Luthe, Cathy Maguire, Ana-Maria Mahecha-Groot, Jackie Malcolm, Fiona Marshall, Yiheyis Maru, Carly McLachlan, Peter Mmbando, Subhakanta Mohapatra, Michele-Lee Moore, Angela Moriggi, Mark Morley-Fletcher, Susanne Moser, Konstanze Marion Mueller, Mutizwa Mukute, Susan Muhlemeier, Lars Otto Naess, Marta Nieto-Romero, Paula Novo, Karen O'Brien, Deborah Anne O'Connell, Kathleen O'Donnell, Per Olsson, Kelli Rose Pearson, Laura Pereira, Panos Petridis, Daniela Peukert, Nicky Phear, Siri Renee Pisters, Matt Polsky, Diana Pound, Rika Preiser, Md. Sajidur Rahman, Mark S. Reed, Philip Revell, Iokine Rodriguez, Briony Cathryn Rogers, Jascha Rohr, Milda Nordbo Rosenberg, Helen Ross, Shona Russell, Melanie Ryan, Probal Saha, Katharina Schleicher, Flurina Schneider, Morgan Scoville-Simonds, Beverley Searle, Samuel Petros Sebhatu, Elena Sesana, Howard Silverman, Chandni Singh, Eleanor Sterling, Sarah-Jane Stewart, J. David Tabara, Douglas Taylor, Philip Thornton, Theresa Margarete Tribaldos, Petra Tschakert, Natalia Uribe-Calvo, Steve Waddell, Sandra Waddock, Liza van der Merwe, Barbara van Mierlo, Patrick van Zwanenberg, Sandra Judith Velarde, Carla-Leanne Washbourne, Kerry Waylen, Annika Weiser, Ian Wight, Stephen Williams, Mel Woods, Ruth Wolstenholme, Ness Wright, Stefanie Wunder, Alastair Wyllie, Hannah R. Young
ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Economics
A. Larkin, C. Hoolohan, C. McLachlan
Article
Business
Claire Hoolohan, Carly McLachlan, Alice Larkin
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2019)
Article
Geography
Marian Scott, Alice Larkin
GEOGRAPHICAL JOURNAL
(2019)
Article
Environmental Studies
Conor Walsh, Nicholas-Joseph Lazarou, Michael Traut, James Price, Carlo Raucci, Maria Sharmina, Paolo Agnolucci, Sarah Mander, Paul Gilbert, Kevin Anderson, Alice Larkin, Tristan Smith