Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sujin Kim, Yunkwon Nam, Hyeon Soo Kim, Haram Jung, Seong Gak Jeon, Sang Bum Hong, Minho Moon
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Understanding and treating the alterations in neural circuits associated with these symptoms is crucial for AD treatment.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sven Dorkenwald, Peter H. Li, Michal Januszewski, Daniel R. Berger, Jeremy Maitin-Shepard, Agnes L. Bodor, Forrest Collman, Casey M. Schneider-Mizell, Nuno Macarico da Costa, Jeff W. Lichtman, Viren Jain
Summary: The study introduces a self-supervised machine learning technique called SegCLR, which can generate cell representations directly from 3D imagery and segmentations. SegCLR enables accurate classification of cellular subcompartments with only a few labeled examples and inference of cell types. It also automates the annotation of electron microscopy datasets.
Article
Neurosciences
Matteo Grasso, Larissa Albantakis, Jonathan P. Lang, Giulio Tononi
Summary: The Perspective argues that causal reductionism cannot provide a complete and coherent account of causation, and proposes an operational approach to analyzing causal structures.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chunyue Geoffrey Lau, Huiqi Zhang, Venkatesh N. Murthy
Summary: The deletion of the BDNF receptor TrkB in PV interneurons in the mouse olfactory cortex impairs multiple aspects of PV neuronal function, leading to aberrant spiking patterns in principal neurons and a paradoxical decrease in overall excitability in cortical circuits. This study demonstrates the critical role of TrkB in shaping the evoked pattern of activity in a cortical network by modulating PV circuit plasticity and development.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Parsa Mirzayi, Parnian Shobeiri, Amirali Kalantari, George Perry, Nima Rezaei
Summary: Alzheimer's disease, a critical neurodegenerative condition, has been revolutionized by the application of optogenetics, leading to advancements in understanding the disease and potential therapeutic interventions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Connor Bybee, Denis Kleyko, Dmitri E. Nikonov, Amir Khosrowshahi, Bruno A. Olshausen, Friedrich T. Sommer
Summary: This article introduces Ising machines as a prominent approach to solving combinatorial optimization problems on parallel hardware. The authors demonstrate that higher-order Ising machines can be more resource-efficient and provide better solutions compared to traditional second-order Ising machines.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Johannes Gnoerich, Anika Reifschneider, Karin Wind, Artem Zatcepin, Sebastian T. Kunte, Philipp Beumers, Laura M. Bartos, Thomas Wiedemann, Maximilian Grosch, Xianyuan Xiang, Maryam K. Fard, Francois Ruch, Georg Werner, Mara Koehler, Luna Slemann, Selina Hummel, Nils Briel, Tanja Blume, Yuan Shi, Gloria Biechele, Leonie Beyer, Florian Eckenweber, Maximilian Scheifele, Peter Bartenstein, Nathalie L. Albert, Jochen Herms, Sabina Tahirovic, Christian Haass, Anja Capell, Sibylle Ziegler, Matthias Brendel
Summary: This study investigated the impact of microglial activity and microglial FDG uptake on metabolic connectivity in the mouse brain. The results showed that the presence, absence, and activation of microglia have a strong influence on metabolic connectivity. Increased metabolic connectivity was associated with increased microglial FDG allocation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Limeng Huang, Yiwen Chen, Sen Jin, Li Lin, Shumin Duan, Ke Si, Wei Gong, J. Julius Zhu
Summary: The study reveals that the output neurons of the amygdala receive diverse inputs with different weights and contextual representations. Additionally, the four major output neuronal groups receive inputs from virtually identical origins with similar input weights, indicating an organized input-output neuronal circuit in the amygdala.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
L. Gil
Summary: By studying the topology of weighted, directed, and unlimited extension networks of nonidentical Kuramoto oscillators, we find that optimal networks exhibit strong symmetry, economic efficiency, and a pronounced rich club structure. Additionally, we observe a strong correlation between natural frequencies and the weight of both incoming and outgoing connections, contradicting theoretical predictions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katharina Lust, Ashley Maynard, Tomas Gomes, Jonas Simon Fleck, J. Gray Camp, Elly M. Tanaka, Barbara Treutlein
Summary: This study used single-cell genomic profiling to investigate the cell populations in the axolotl brain, revealing similarities to neurons in other amniotes. The research also provided insights into the transcriptional dynamics and gene regulatory relationships during regeneration, as well as identifying conserved differentiation features.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Max Buhlan, Dmitrij Ljaschenko, Nicole Scholz, Tobias Langenhan
Summary: The study of how mechanical forces affect biological events is crucial for understanding physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. However, there is a lack of knowledge about force parameters, inadequate experimental administration of force stimuli, and a lack of noninvasive means to record their effects. This study introduces a procedure to study the impact of force stimulation on adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor dissociation in mechanosensory neurons. The procedure utilizes the mechanical force spectrum during the natural flexion-extension cycle of the femorotibial joint of fruit flies, and allows for noninvasive observation of transgenic mechanosensitive reporters before, during, and after mechanical stimulation.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Irfan Nazeer, Tabasam Rashid, Abazar Keikha
Summary: The research article introduces the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy incidence graphs (IFIGs) and explores their properties, operations, calculation methods, and applications. The study provides insights into the degrees of IFIGs obtained through operations like CP, composition, tensor product, and normal product, as well as important theorems for calculating vertex degrees. The application of CP and composition in the textile industry to optimize department combinations is discussed, along with a comparative analysis with existing studies and the potential benefits of the research in various sectors.
Article
Biology
Lingxiao Cao, Hailong Li, Jing Liu, Jiaxin Jiang, Bin Li, Xue Li, Suming Zhang, Yingxue Gao, Kaili Liang, Xinyue Hu, Weijie Bao, Hui Qiu, Lu Lu, Lianqing Zhang, Xinyu Hu, Qiyong Gong, Xiaoqi Huang
Summary: This study used connectivity-based parcellation methodology to analyze the amygdala in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and healthy controls, and found differences in functional connectivity, providing direct evidence for the specific role of amygdala subregions in the neurocircuitry models of OCD.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Weiwei Zhang, Shengxiang Xia, Xinhua Tang, Xianfu Zhang, Di Liang, Yinuo Wang
Summary: This study explored the functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI). The findings revealed changes in functional connectivity neural circuits (FCNC) in Parkinson's disease and suggested that rsfMRI data could be used as an alternative method for clinical differential diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Saeed Khan, Bryce A. Primavera, Jeff Chiles, Adam N. McCaughan, Sonia M. Buckley, Alexander N. Tait, Adriana Lita, John Biesecker, Anna Fox, David Olaya, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam, Jeffrey M. Shainline
Summary: Superconducting optoelectronic synapses with analogue weighting and temporal leaky integration can be created by integrating superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with Josephson junctions. This hardware offers a wide range of time constants and is responsive to high spike rates.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin R. Wakerley, Mei Hong Tan, Martin R. Turner
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie R. Shepheard, Matthew D. Parker, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Nick S. Verber, Lee Tuddenham, Paul Heath, Nick Beauchamp, Elsie Place, Elizabeth S. A. Sollars, Martin R. Turner, Andrea Malaspina, Pietro Fratta, Channa Hewamadduma, Thomas M. Jenkins, Christopher J. McDermott, Dennis Wang, Janine Kirby, Pamela J. Shaw
Summary: Routine genetic sequencing in a cohort of 100 ALS patients revealed that 21% carried pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutations, with 93% lacking family history. An additional 21% had variants of uncertain significance in ALS-associated genes. The presence of multiple genetic variants in known ALS-linked genes may impact disease onset age.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander G. Thompson, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: The study examined the relationship between metabolic parameters and the risk of ALS, revealing that HDL and apoA1 levels are associated with a reduced risk, while total cholesterol:HDL ratio is linked to an increased risk. Models incorporating multiple metabolic markers showed that high levels of LDL or apoB are associated with an increased risk, while higher levels of HDL or apoA are associated with a lower risk. Additionally, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and increasing age were also found to be associated with an increased risk of ALS.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Marie Dreger, Robert Steinbach, Markus Otto, Martin R. Turner, Julian Grosskreutz
Summary: ALS is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. Reliable biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid are crucial for disease classification and clinical trial design. While some molecules in the CSF have shown potential as biomarkers, further large-scale studies and validation are needed to advance precision medicine in ALS management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Martin R. Turner
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Costa Savva, Martin R. Turner
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Thanuja Dharmadasa, Jakub Scaber, Evan Edmond, Rachael Marsden, Alexander Thompson, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: A minority of cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are caused by genetic variants, making genetic testing important for diagnosis and treatment. However, indiscriminate use of genetic screening can lead to potential harm. Common hereditary cause of ALS, C9ORF72, may also be associated with dementia. All neurologists should have a basic understanding of genetic testing's role in ALS.
PRACTICAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rubika Balendra, Ashley R. Jones, Ahmad Al Khleifat, Theresa Chiwera, Paul Wicks, Carolyn A. Young, Pamela J. Shaw, Martin R. Turner, P. Nigel Leigh, Ammar Al-Chalabi
Summary: ALS is a clinically heterogeneous disease and the King's clinical staging system has been proposed to aid in patient care, research, trial design and health economic analyses. This study validates the King's clinical staging system in four patient groups located in different regions and countries, demonstrating consistent results.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Greig Joilin, Elizabeth Gray, Alexander G. Thompson, Kevin Talbot, P. Nigel Leigh, Sarah F. Newbury, Martin R. Turner, Majid Hafezparast
Summary: In this study, we investigated the expression of non-coding RNA transcripts in the cerebrospinal fluid of ALS patients compared to healthy controls. RNA-seq identified dysregulated non-coding RNA transcripts, but these were not validated with RT-qPCR. We conclude that cerebrospinal fluid is not a suitable source of diagnostic biomarkers.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael Benatar, Joanne Wuu, Martin R. Turner
Summary: Interest in ALS biomarkers has increased significantly in the past 25 years, with the hope of using them to develop effective therapies. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) has emerged as a potential biomarker for ALS therapy development. The study discusses the evidence supporting the use of NfL in different clinical contexts, concluding that it can serve as a risk biomarker, a prognostic biomarker, and a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hugo M. De Oliveira, Arunachalam Soma, Mark R. Baker, Martin R. Turner, Kevin Talbot, Timothy L. Williams
Summary: There is considerable variation in the practice of genetic testing for patients with sporadic motor neurone disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MND/ALS) and asymptomatic at-risk relatives in specialized care centers in the UK. Many healthcare professionals feel uncomfortable discussing genetic testing with MND/ALS patients and believe that routine genetic testing is not necessary for all patients with apparently sporadic disease. There are concerns regarding testing asymptomatic at-risk individuals and the majority view is that clinical genetics services should play a role in supporting genetic testing in MND/ALS, especially in asymptomatic individuals at risk of carrying pathogenic variants.
AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS AND FRONTOTEMPORAL DEGENERATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eleanor Wilson, Nicola Turner, Christina Faull, Jonathan Palmer, Martin R. Turner, Scott Davidson
Summary: The aim of this research is to provide new understandings of the experiences of people living with motor neuron disease (plwMND) using tracheostomy ventilation (TV), and those of family members and healthcare professionals (HCPs) involved in their care.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Rita Sattler, Bryan J. Traynor, Janice Robertson, Ludo Van den Bosch, Sami J. Barmada, Clive N. Svendsen, Matthew D. Disney, Tania F. Gendron, Philip C. Wong, Martin R. Turner, Adam Boxer, Suma Babu, Michael Benatar, Michael Kurnellas, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Christopher J. Donnelly, Lynette M. Bustos, Kendall Van Keuren-Jensen, Penny A. Dacks, Marwan N. Sabbagh
Summary: The summit highlighted the role of the C9ORF72 gene in FTD and ALS, covering disease mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and biomarkers. Collaborative efforts aimed to break down existing disease silos and proposed composite endpoints for evaluating treatments covering clinical symptoms.
NEUROLOGY AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alexander G. Thompson, Rachael Marsden, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: Using routine health screening blood test data, this study found distinct pre-symptomatic biphasic blood cholesterol trajectories in individuals who later developed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The findings suggest that metabolic alterations may occur prior to the onset of motor symptoms in this disease. These findings provide further evidence for the importance of monitoring blood cholesterol levels for early detection and potential preventative therapy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer C. Davies, Thanuja Dharmadasa, Alexander G. Thompson, Evan C. Edmond, Katie Yoganathan, Jiali Gao, Kevin Talbot, Martin R. Turner
Summary: A reliable biomarker for diagnosing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) across different clinical conditions is necessary. Neurofilament light chain levels are correlated with the progression of disability in ALS patients. Previous studies have only compared neurofilament light chain levels in ALS patients with healthy individuals or controls with diagnoses distinct from ALS. In this study, neurofilament light chain levels were measured in ALS patients referred to a specialized clinic, and it was found that neurofilament light chain levels can confirm ALS diagnosis but have limited ability to exclude alternative diagnoses. The current importance of neurofilament light chain is its potential use in stratifying ALS patients by disease activity and as a biomarker in therapeutic trials.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)