Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yunxia Qin, Jia Wang, Yongjun Fang, Jilai Lu, Xiangyu Shi, Jianghua Yang, Xiaohu Xiao, Xuehua Luo, Xiangyu Long
Summary: Research has shown that anaerobic metabolism plays a crucial role in rubber biosynthesis in laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis. The key genes HbLDH1 and HbPDC4 in anaerobic metabolism are activated during tapping, resulting in the production of acetaldehyde and ATP through ethanol and lactate fermentation, which contribute to rubber synthesis.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb, Romain Colle, Khalil El-Asmar, Kenneth Chappell, Cecile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Denis J. David, Severine Trabado, Philippe Chanson, Bruno Feve, Laurent Becquemont, Celine Verstuyft, Emmanuelle Corruble
Summary: This study found that patients with major depressive episodes have lower levels of peripheral acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and higher levels of l-carnitine compared to healthy controls. After antidepressant treatment, these imbalances are restored, and the severity of mitochondrial dysfunction may predict the response to treatment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claire Pujol, Elise Lebigot, Pauline Gaignard, Said Galai, Ichraf Kraoua, Jean-Philippe Bault, Rodolphe Dard, Ilhem Ben Youssef-Turki, Souheil Omar, Audrey Boutron, Timothy Wai, Abdelhamid Slama
Summary: This study identifies pathogenic variants in the MPC2 gene associated with human disease in four patients from two unrelated families. These variants disrupt pyruvate import into mitochondria, leading to impaired mitochondrial metabolism and neurological dysfunction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Placidi, Giovanna Di Emidio, Ashraf Virmani, Angela D'Alfonso, Paolo Giovanni Artini, Anna Maria D'Alessandro, Carla Tatone
Summary: The importance of bioenergetics in the reproductive process has highlighted the role of carnitines as mitochondrial modulators. Carnitine supplementation may help counteract energetic and redox imbalances during in vitro culture and cryopreservation. Carnitines activate pathways involved in antiapoptotic, antiglycative, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory signaling, potentially improving oocyte and embryo competence.
Article
Psychiatry
Li-Juan Nie, Jun Liang, Feng Shan, Bao-Shi Wang, Yuan-Yuan Mu, Xie-Hai Zhou, Qing-Rong Xia
Summary: The endogenous L-carnitine and its derivative acetyl-L-carnitine play a role in antidepressant effects and may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing MDD. The levels of serum LC and ALC are significantly reduced in patients with MDD, with potential diagnostic value. Furthermore, changes in LC and ALC concentrations could differentiate between effective and ineffective treatment of depression, indicating their potential as novel biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marc R. McCann, Mery Vet George De la Rosa, Gus R. Rosania, Kathleen A. Stringer
Summary: The modern advancements in metabolomics have enabled the discovery of new metabolite biomarkers, with potential clinical applications of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines being explored.
Article
Cell Biology
Feng Cai, Divya Bezwada, Ling Cai, Rohit Mahar, Zheng Wu, Mario C. Chang, Panayotis Pachnis, Chendong Yang, Sherwin Kelekar, Wen Gu, Bailey Brooks, Bookyung Ko, Hieu S. Vu, Thomas P. Mathews, Lauren G. Zacharias, Misty Martin-Sandoval, Duyen Do, K. Celeste Oaxaca, Eunsook S. Jin, Vitaly Margulis, Craig R. Malloy, Matthew E. Merritt, Ralph J. Deberardinis
Summary: Stable isotopes are important tools for evaluating metabolism and can be detected using both mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo. We have developed a mass spectrometry method that can report all 16 aspartate and 32 glutamate isotopomers, offering higher sensitivity than nuclear magnetic resonance. This method allows for discrimination between pathways that result in the same number of 13C labels in aspartate and glutamate. Through experiments, we have demonstrated metabolic heterogeneity within human tumors, examined the impact of fumarate hydratase deficiency in renal cancer, and investigated the contributions of tricarboxylic acid cycle turnover and CO2 recycling to in vivo isotope labeling.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dong-Dong Wang, Tian-Yun Wang, Yang Yang, Su-Mei He, You-Mei Wang
Summary: The study found that l-carnitine can reduce body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, while no significant effects were observed with acetyl-l-carnitine or propionyl-l-carnitine. To achieve 80% of the maximal effect, a minimum of 2 grams of l-carnitine daily for at least 2 weeks was required.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Chen, Tamara K. Singh, Sarah Al Nemri, Maheen Zaidi, Kelvin L. Billingsley, Jae Mo Park
Summary: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is sensitive to various biological factors and dysregulation of OXPHOS is observed in the development of many pathological conditions. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) is an endogenous source of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and can be used to assess OXPHOS. In this study, hyperpolarized (HP) [1-C-13]ALCAR was developed as a noninvasive probe for investigating cardiac tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity in vivo. This study demonstrates the first use of HP methods with [1-C-13]ALCAR to analyze mitochondrial function and TCA cycle activity in the heart.
Article
Ophthalmology
Daniel T. Hass, Qitao Zhang, Gillian A. Autterson, Richard A. Bryan, James B. Hurley, Jason M. L. Miller
Summary: This study shows that the volume of conventional culture media has a significant impact on the availability of oxygen and oxidative metabolism in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell culture. It suggests that optimizing RPE culture volumes is important for studying RPE-centric diseases. The study provides guidelines to balance nutrient availability and oxygen availability in RPE culture.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xia Fang, Pei Zhao, Shaoyong Gao, Dongmei Liu, Song Zhang, Mengtian Shan, Yuanyuan Wang, Joerg Herrmann, Qiang Li, Feilong Wang
Summary: Tumor cell-derived lactate has been identified as the main factor in the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Previous studies have highlighted the importance of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)-mediated transport in TAMs polarization. However, our genetic depletion study demonstrated that MPC is not necessary for lactate-induced macrophages polarization or tumor growth.It also had no impact on the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and histone lactylation, which are both crucial for TAMs polarization. This suggests that lactate itself, rather than its downstream metabolites, is responsible for TAMs polarization.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xi Zhou, Guobin Huang, Lu Wang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Junbo Li, Dong Chen, Lai Wei, Zhishui Chen, Bo Yang
Summary: In this study, the influence of lipid metabolites on liver regeneration and its mechanism were investigated by sequencing and analyzing the metabolites involved in the process. The results showed that L-carnitine can promote liver cell regeneration by promoting lipid metabolism and reduce aseptic inflammation caused by excessive lipid accumulation.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ji-Eun Bae, Joon Bum Kim, Doo Sin Jo, Na Yeon Park, Yong Hwan Kim, Ha Jung Lee, Seong Hyun Kim, So Hyun Kim, Mikyung Son, Pansoo Kim, Hong-Yeoul Ryu, Won Ha Lee, Zae Young Ryoo, Hyun-Shik Lee, Yong-Keun Jung, Dong-Hyung Cho
Summary: Primary cilia help maintain cellular homeostasis by sensing conditions in the extracellular environment. This study found that carnitine promotes primary ciliogenesis and suppresses neurotoxicity and inflammation induced by MPP+ treatment.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lian Wang, Peijie Chen, Weihua Xiao
Summary: Beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HB) is an important ketone body that serves as both an energy source to maintain metabolic homeostasis and a signaling molecule with epigenetic regulatory functions to delay age-related diseases. Research supports the effectiveness of endogenous beta-HB administration or exogenous supplementation as strategies to induce nutritional ketosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel A. Kane, Alexander C. Y. Foo, Erin B. Noftall, Karen Brebner, D. Gerrard Marangoni
Summary: Lactate, as the end product of glycolysis, plays various physiological roles by traveling within and between cells. However, its application to physical bioenergetics has been underexplored. This study suggests that lactate shuttling, as an allostatic thermoregulatory strategy, mitigates the consequences of elevated metabolic heat by exchanging extracellular lactate between tissues. The results of experiments on rat cortical brain samples support this hypothesis by showing lower heat and respiratory oxygen consumption rates during lactate-linked respiration compared to pyruvate-linked respiration.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew M. Malinow, Rosemary A. Schuh, Omar Alyamani, Joseph Kim, Shobana Bharadwaj, Sarah D. Crimmins, Jessica L. Galey, Gary Fiskum, Brian M. Polster
BIOSCIENCE REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Teresa Carri, Brian M. Polster, Philip M. Beart
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sausan M. Jaber, Evan A. Bordt, Niraj M. Bhatt, Daniel M. Lewis, Sharon Gerecht, Gary Fiskum, Brian M. Polster
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2018)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kavita Bhalla, Sausan Jaber, Nanaji M. Nahid, Karen Underwood, Afshin Beheshti, Ari Landon, Binny Bhandary, Paul Bastian, Andrew M. Evens, John Haley, Brian Polster, Ronald B. Gartenhaus
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kavita Bhalla, Sausan Jaber, Nanaji M. Nahid, Karen Underwood, Afshin Beheshti, Ari Landon, Binny Bhandary, Paul Bastain, Andrew M. Evens, John Haley, Brian Polster, Ronald B. Gartenhaus
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Physiology
Loren P. Thompson, Ling Chen, Brian M. Polster, Gerard Pinkas, Hong Song
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Taryn G. Aubrecht, Alan I. Faden, Boris Sabirzhanov, Ethan P. Glaser, Brian A. Roelofs, Brian M. Polster, Oleg Makarevich, Bogdan A. Stoica
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2018)
Article
Cell Biology
Loren P. Thompson, Hong Song, Brian M. Polster
OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Sausan M. Jaber, Shealinna X. Ge, Joshua L. Milstein, Jonathan W. VanRyzin, Jaylyn Waddell, Brian M. Polster
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Review
Neurosciences
Sausan M. Jaber, Nagendra Yadava, Brian M. Polster
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Yumiko Oshima, Etienne Cartier, Liron Boyman, Nicolas Verhoeven, Brian M. Polster, Weiliang Huang, Maureen Kane, W. Jonathan Lederer, Mariusz Karbowski
Summary: This study demonstrates that acute reduction in mitochondrial translation fidelity leads to ubiquitination of inner mitochondrial membrane proteins, recruitment of the autophagy machinery, and potential degradation of mitochondria through Parkin-mediated or Drp1-mediated pathways.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Evan A. Bordt, Naibo Zhang, Jaylyn Waddell, Brian M. Polster
Summary: Mdivi-1 exhibits moderate antioxidant activity, able to scavenge free radicals to a certain extent. However, it has a reduced capacity compared to the vitamin E analog Trolox.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian M. Polster, Karla A. Mark, Rafael Arze, Derek Hudson
Summary: Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegenerative diseases by causing calcium deregulation and mitochondrial depolarization. The experiment shows that glutamate increases protease activity in neurons before calcium deregulation, and this increase can be suppressed by glutamate receptor antagonists but not by calpain.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niamh M. C. Connolly, Pierre Theurey, Vera Adam-Vizi, Nicolas G. Bazan, Paolo Bernardi, Juan P. Bolanos, Carsten Culmsee, Valina L. Dawson, Mohanish Deshmukh, Michael R. Duchen, Heiko Dussmann, Gary Fiskum, Maria F. Galindo, Giles E. Hardingham, J. Marie Hardwick, Mika B. Jekabsons, Elizabeth A. Jonas, Joaquin Jordan, Stuart A. Lipton, Giovanni Manfredi, Mark P. Mattson, BethAnn McLaughlin, Axel Methner, Anne N. Murphy, Michael P. Murphy, David G. Nicholls, Brian M. Polster, Tullio Pozzan, Rosario Rizzuto, Jorgina Satrustegui, Ruth S. Slack, Raymond A. Swanson, Russell H. Swerdlow, Yvonne Will, Zheng Ying, Alvin Joselin, Anna Gioran, Catarina Moreira Pinho, Orla Watters, Manuela Salvucci, Irene Llorente-Folch, David S. Park, Daniele Bano, Maria Ankarcrona, Paola Pizzo, Jochen H. M. Prehn
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Han-A Park, Pawel Licznerski, Nelli Mnatsakanyan, Yulong Niu, Silvio Sacchetti, Jing Wu, Brian M. Polster, Kambiz N. Alavian, Elizabeth A. Jonas
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2017)