Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shigeru Amemiya
Summary: The NPC is a proteinaceous nanopore that mediates molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells, regulating gene expression. Our research highlights the importance of chemistry in understanding and controlling NPC-mediated molecular transport for efficient genetic therapeutics delivery into the nucleus, contributing to human health. We use nanoscale scanning electrochemical microscopy to study how the NPC nanopore is divided into peripheral and central routes to facilitate protein transport and RNA export through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiantian Zheng, Anton Zilman
Summary: The nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in eukaryotic cells are responsible for macromolecular transport in and out of the nucleus. The NPCs contain intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and efficiently transport cargoes in crowded conditions. A computational model of the NPC shows that self-regulating mechanisms and the spatial architecture of the IDP assembly contribute to efficient transport.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Daniel Luedke, Qiqi Yan, Philipp F. W. Rohmann, Marcel Wiermer
Summary: This article discusses the role of nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) in plant immunity, with a focus on NLR immune signaling across the nuclear compartment boundary and within the nucleus. The authors also highlight the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of NLRs and their signaling partners, as well as the potential implications of NLR activation and resistosome formation in both cellular compartments for mediating plant pathogen resistance and programmed host cell death.
Article
Neurosciences
Alyssa N. Coyne, Jeffrey D. Rothstein
Summary: The study found that nuclear morphology remains unchanged in C9orf72 ALS/FTD, the C9orf72 HRE does not increase the frequency of nuclear lamina invaginations, and the increase in frequency of nuclear Lamin B1 invaginations is unrelated to cellular aging.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Coby Rush, Zecheng Jiang, Mark Tingey, Fiona Feng, Weidong Yang
Summary: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a crucial subcellular structure that regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport through a selectively permeable barrier. Recent technological advancements have deepened our understanding of the NPC's architecture and operations. However, the presence of intrinsically disordered regions within nucleoporins (Nups) presents challenges to conventional static characterization techniques. This review provides a comprehensive overview of prominent models that aim to elucidate the structural layout and functional significance of Nups, highlighting their proposed dynamic and structural attributes supported by research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Yiling Fang, Yangnan Gu
Summary: Plants lack an adaptive immune system and rely on their innate immune system to defend against pathogens. Nuclear membrane-associated core proteins and protein complexes play a crucial role in plant immune activation and pathogen resistance.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Luke K. Davis, Ian J. Ford, Bart W. Hoogenboom
Summary: The rapid transport of biological material to and from the cell nucleus is regulated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC), with a core permeability barrier consisting of FG Nups. Nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) facilitate transport by partitioning in the FG Nup assembly and make up a significant portion of proteins in the NPC barrier. Negative cooperativity was observed in the binding behavior of well-characterized NTRs, NTF2 and Imp-beta, to different planar assemblies of FG Nups, suggesting potential demixed phases of NTRs within the FG Nup assembly that could impact inter-NTR competition and separate transport pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yueyue Jing, Yilin Lv, Jingya Ye, Longfang Yao, Liwen Chen, Lan Mi, Yiyan Fei, Yao Yu, Biao Dong, Hong Lv, Jiong Ma
Summary: A new method has been developed to measure the export flux of mRNA in single live cells using snapshot images, allowing for direct monitoring of gene behavior and understanding of gene regulation. The technique has been validated in HeLa cells and yeast cells, showing its noninvasive nature and potential for research in gene expression.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Daniel Ludke, Philipp F. W. Rohmann, Marcel Wiermer
Summary: Plant viability and responses to changing environments depend on spatial communication between the compartments separated by the nuclear envelope, involving bidirectional exchange of proteins and RNAs mediated by a sophisticated transport machinery.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eleonora Margheritis, Shirin Kappelhoff, Katia Cosentino
Summary: Pore-forming proteins (PFPs) are crucial in biological processes related to infection, immunity, cancer, and neurodegeneration, as they can form pores that disrupt the membrane and induce cell death. The exact mechanism of pore formation varies among PFPs, resulting in different pore structures with different functionalities. Recent studies have focused on using single-molecule imaging techniques to understand the molecular details of pore assembly, which are often obscured by ensemble measurements, and to determine pore structure and functionality. Uncovering the mechanistic elements of pore formation is essential for understanding the physiological role of PFPs and developing therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
America Chandia Cristi, Sampath Rapuri, Alyssa N. Coyne
Summary: Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are crucial for maintaining nuclear-cytoplasmic balance and proper nuclear organization, and perturbations in their regulation are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. The ESCRT-III pathway plays a critical role in the surveillance and preservation of functional NPCs and nuclear envelope sealing. Maintaining quality control of the nuclear envelope and NPCs is pivotal in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Olivia Spead, Benjamin L. Zaepfel, Jeffrey D. Rothstein
Summary: The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a large multimeric structure that plays important roles in nucleocytoplasmic transport and cellular function. Dysfunction of NPC is associated with neurodegenerative disorders and can lead to neuronal loss.
Review
Cell Biology
Joanna Kalita, Larisa E. Kapinos, Roderick Y. H. Lim
Summary: This review examines the role of the nuclear pore complex in nucleocytoplasmic transport and discusses unresolved issues such as the partitioning of importin and exportin in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and the maintenance of the RanGTP-RanGDP gradient across the nuclear envelope.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei-Hong Yeo, Yang Zhang, Amy E. Neely, Xiaomin Bao, Cheng Sun, Hao F. Zhang
Summary: Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) allows visualization of cellular nanostructures in vitro with sub-20 nm resolution. However, understanding the structural information from SMLM images has been challenging. To address this, a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on experimental imaging parameters was developed to generate synthetic SMLM images. This MC model was used to optimize a clustering algorithm for the separation of fluorescently labeled nuclear pore complex (NPC) proteins and to generate cellular substructures with different angles of labeling.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Shen, Taoran Tian, Qiancheng Xiong, Patrick D. Ellis Fisher, Yong Xiong, Thomas J. Melia, C. Patrick Lusk, Chenxiang Lin
Summary: Researchers have developed a biomimetic construct called NanoTrap using DNA nanotechnology to better understand how nucleoporins in the nuclear pore complex establish a selective barrier. The type of FG motif, grafting density, and spatial arrangement were found to be critical determinants of an effective diffusion barrier, with diffusion barriers formed with cohesive FG interactions dominating in mixed-FG-nup scenarios.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)