Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bowen Zhang, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Ozlem Bulut, Gizem Kilic, Zhaoli Liu, Reinout van Crevel, Cheng-Jian Xu, Leo A. B. Joosten, Mihai G. Netea, Yang Li
Summary: Trained immunity refers to the long-lasting memory traits of innate immunity. This study investigates the cellular transcriptional programs in monocyte populations upon the induction of trained immunity, identifying three monocyte subpopulations. The findings are also consistent with gene signatures in patients with immune-mediated diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jaclyn C. Law, Melanie Girard, Gary Y. C. Chao, Lesley A. Ward, Baweleta Isho, Bhavisha Rathod, Karen Colwill, Zhijie Li, James M. Rini, Feng Yun Yue, Samira Mubareka, Allison J. McGeer, Mario A. Ostrowski, Jennifer L. Gommerman, Anne-Claude Gingras, Tania H. Watts
Summary: The study shows that recovered individuals from SARS-CoV-2 infection have persistent T cell and antibody responses. These responses exhibit different cytokine and cytotoxicity features compared to long-term memory to other viruses.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Caroline J. Zeiss, Jennifer L. Asher, Brent Vander Wyk, Heather G. Allore, Susan R. Compton
Summary: The study suggests that immune protection from prior natural infection or vaccination can reduce viral shedding and transmission upon re-exposure. Seropositive individuals, even with low levels of shedding, still pose a potential risk for transmitting the virus to susceptible individuals.
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mihai G. Netea, Jos W. M. van der Meer, Reinout van Crevel
Summary: Several COVID-19 vaccine candidates have shown promise, but uncertainty remains about their effectiveness and global distribution. Boosting innate immunity with vaccines like BCG may play a role in combating COVID-19, as evidenced by lower infection and seropositivity rates in BCG-vaccinated individuals. Further clinical trials are needed to explore the potential of BCG vaccination in COVID-19 and future pandemics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tengcheng Que, Jing Li, Yugan He, Panyu Chen, Wei Lin, Meihong He, Lei Yu, Aiqiong Wu, Luohao Tan, Yingjiao Li, Yanling Hu, Yigang Tong
Summary: This study investigates the virome composition of pangolins and reveals that pangolins are susceptible to human parainfluenza virus and human respiratory syncytial virus. This finding highlights the potential risk of viral transmission from pangolins to humans and emphasizes the need for public awareness.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yassein M. Ibrahim, Wenli Zhang, Gebremeskel Mamu Werid, He Zhang, Yu Pan, Lin Zhang, Yunfei Xu, Changwen Li, Hongyan Chen, Yue Wang
Summary: In this study, a strain of Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5) was successfully isolated from diarrheic piglets. The isolated PIV5 strain showed the ability to infect various host cell lines and haemagglutinate red blood cells from guinea pigs and chickens. An indirect ELISA method was developed to detect PIV5-specific antibodies, and the positive rate in porcine serum samples was found to be 75.7%. This is the first report characterizing a PIV5 strain isolated from a diarrheic piglet and providing insights into its zoonotic potential.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasmin S. Kutter, Dennis de Meulder, Theo M. Bestebroer, Pascal Lexmond, Ard Mulders, Mathilde Richard, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Sander Herfst
Summary: The study shows that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through the air over more than a meter distance in ferrets, indicating that ferrets may be a sensitive model to study interventions aimed at preventing virus transmission.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Michel P. M. Vierboom, Karin Dijkman, Claudia C. Sombroek, Sam O. Hofman, Charelle Boot, Richard A. W. Vervenne, Krista G. Haanstra, Maarten van der Sande, Liesbeth van Emst, Jorge Dominguez-Andres, Simone J. C. F. M. Moorlag, Clemens H. M. Kocken, Jelle Thole, Esteban Rodriguez, Eugenia Puentes, Joost H. A. Martens, Reinout van Crevel, Mihai G. Netea, Nacho Aguilo, Carlos Martin, Frank A. W. Verreck
Summary: BCG vaccination can enhance protection against pathogens by inducing epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells, known as trained immunity. In rhesus macaques, intravenous BCG was shown to better protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease compared to standard intradermal vaccination, correlating with local adaptive immune signatures. Additionally, mucosal vaccination, either with BCG or the MTBVAC candidate, was found to enhance innate cytokine production by monocytes derived from blood and bone marrow, showing metabolic rewiring typical of trained immunity.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xin Wang, Jeanette J. Rainey, Grace W. Goryoka, Zuoru Liang, Shuyu Wu, Liming Wen, Ran Duan, Shuai Qin, Haodi Huang, Grishma Kharod, Carol Y. Rao, Stephanie J. Salyer, Casey Barton Behravesh, Huaiqi Jing
Summary: Representatives from China held a workshop to prioritize zoonotic diseases using the OHZDP Process, resulting in five priority zoonotic diseases: avian influenza, echinococcosis, rabies, plague, and brucellosis. This list serves as a foundation for One Health collaboration to strengthen disease prevention and control efforts in China.
Article
Cell Biology
Mathieu Claviere, Aude Lavedrine, Guenaelle Lamiral, Mariette Bonnet, Pauline Verlhac, Denitsa S. Petkova, Lucile Espert, Remi Duclaux-Loras, Julie Lucifora, Michel Rivoire, Gilles Boschetti, Stephane Nancey, Aurore Rozieres, Christophe Viret, Mathias Faure
Summary: This study investigates the effects of measles virus infection on cell susceptibility to bacterial infection. Researchers discovered that measles virus infection promotes the replication of Salmonella Typhimurium in infected cells and reduces the replication of Shigella flexneri. They also found that the expression levels of autophagy receptors SQSTM1/p62 and TAX1BP1/T6BP are decreased in measles virus-induced syncytia, preventing effective anti-Salmonella autophagy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Eun Ju Oh, Jang Mook Kim, You Hyun Joung, Jae Kyung Kim
Summary: Studying the relationship between meteorological conditions and respiratory virus infections can help interpret disease outbreak causality and seasonal virus distribution. The analysis of three human parainfluenza virus infections indicated a meaningful relationship with climatic factors, suggesting that climate changes might affect infection rates and preventive strategies.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Hagglund, Katarina Naslund, Anna Svensson, Cecilia Lefverman, Hakan Enul, Leonore Pascal, Jari Siltenius, Menno Holzhauer, Alexis Delabouglise, Julia Osterberg, Karin Alvasen, Ulf Olsson, Jean-Francois Eleouet, Sabine Riffault, Geraldine Taylor, Maria Jose Rodriguez, Marga Garcia Duran, Jean Francois Valarcher, Angel Abuelo
Summary: Research findings suggest that natural infections of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) induce long-lasting immune responses, but boosting memory responses between outbreaks may be necessary to prevent virus circulation.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexandra Savinkina, Melanie Chitwood, Jiye Kwon, Virginia E. E. Pitzer, Gregg Gonsalves, A. David Paltiel
Summary: This study developed a stochastic dynamic SEIR model to estimate the likelihood of an mpox outbreak and the potential effect of mitigation measures in a residential college setting. The model showed that timely detection and isolation of symptomatic cases could control future outbreaks of mpox on college campuses.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Haibo Su, Zhongping Liang, ShuFeng Weng, Chaonan Sun, Jiaxin Huang, TianRan Zhang, Xialian Wang, Shanshan Wu, Zhi Zhang, Yiqi Zhang, Qing Gong, Ying Xu
Summary: The research identifies miR-9-5p and IDH3α as critical players in trained immunity, regulating metabolic and epigenetic pathways to control monocytes' response to pathogens.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Victor K. Outlaw, Ross W. Cheloha, Eric M. Jurgens, Francesca T. Bovier, Yun Zhu, Dale F. Kreitler, Olivia Harder, Stefan Niewiesk, Matteo Porotto, Samuel H. Gellman, Anne Moscona
Summary: Lower respiratory tract infections in children globally are largely caused by parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), with no available vaccines or effective treatments against these pathogens. Research has shown that lipopeptides derived from HPIV3 F can inhibit infection, and the modification of the peptide backbone with beta-amino acid residues has resulted in improved antiviral activity and in vivo stability.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Felicia Scaggs Huang, David I. Bernstein, Karen S. Slobod, Allen Portner, Toru Takimoto, Charles J. Russell, Michael Meagher, Bart G. Jones, Robert E. Sealy, Christopher Coleclough, Kristen Branum, Michelle Dickey, Kristen Buschle, Monica McNeal, Mat Makowski, Aya Nakamura, Julia L. Hurwitz
Summary: The study demonstrated that SeVRSV vaccine was well-tolerated in healthy adults with only mild to moderate reactions and no severe adverse events. Transient vaccine genome detection was observed due to preexisting immunity towards hPIV-1 and RSV in adults. Minimal antibody responses to SeV and negligible responses to RSV F were observed.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Faten A. Okda, S. Scott Perry, Richard J. Webby, Charles J. Russell
Summary: This study found that IAV infection led to a decrease in extracellular pH and an increase in intracellular pH in the respiratory tract. Host immune responses and pH changes peaked at 2 and 5 days post infection, respectively.
Review
Virology
Charles J. Russell
Summary: Genetically diverse influenza A viruses circulate in wild aquatic birds, causing outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics in various species. Studies show that the stability of the HA surface glycoprotein can modulate host range, replication, pathogenicity, and transmissibility of the virus.
Review
Virology
Charles J. Russell, Julia L. Hurwitz
Summary: This study reviews the development of Sendai virus (SeV) as a versatile pediatric vaccine targeting various respiratory viruses, with positive results from clinical trials completed. Collaborative efforts with multiple institutions have advanced further development of the vaccine, showing promising prospects for successful application in infants.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Lubna Pinky, Crystal W. Burke, Charles J. Russell, Amber M. Smith
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) in different infection scenarios, highlighting the impact of dose, strain, tissue tropism, and individual heterogeneity on virus spread and clearance rates. By combining bioluminescence data with quantitative analyses, the research offers insights into strain-, dose-, and tissue-specific HPIV infection kinetics, showcasing how the same virus can yield patient-specific outcomes. This work enhances understanding of HPIV infection and viral dynamics in the upper and lower respiratory tracts.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Guohua Yang, Chet R. Ojha, Charles J. Russell
Summary: The stability of HA correlates with the acid and thermal stability of the virus, but does not correlate with thermal stability at 55 degrees Celsius. Some animal isolates have lower virion inactivation pH values than HA activation pH, indicating factors beyond HA stability can affect virion stability. The coupling of HA activation pH and virion inactivation pH below 5.6 is associated with human adaptation, and both virologic properties should be considered in risk assessment algorithms for pandemic potential.
Article
Virology
Meng Hu, Jeremy C. Jones, Balaji Banoth, Chet Raj Ojha, Jeri Carol Crumpton, Lisa Kercher, Robert G. Webster, Richard J. Webby, Charles J. Russell
Summary: This study investigated the replication and transmission of swine H1N1 isolates in ferrets, finding that a stabilized HA played a more prominent role than polymerase enhancement in the replication and transmission of the viruses. The results suggest that pandemic risk-assessment studies may benefit from deep sequencing to identify minor variants with human-adapted traits.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Virology
Charles J. Russell, Elena A. Govorkova
Article
Virology
Crystal W. Burke, Rebecca A. Erwin-Cohen, Aimee Goodson, Catherine Wilhelmsen, Jennifer A. Edmundson, Charles E. White, Pamela J. Glass
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of route of administration on the immunogenicity and efficacy of the WEVEE vaccine in cynomolgus macaques. The vaccine was found to be immunogenic and provided neutralizing antibody responses against VEEV, EEEV and WEEV. The vaccinated animals showed significant protection against a WEEV challenge compared to the control group.
Article
Microbiology
Jessica A. Belser, Eric H. Y. Lau, Wendy Barclay, Ian G. Barr, Hualan Chen, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Masato Hatta, Sander Herfst, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Seema S. Lakdawala, Leo Yi Yang Lee, Gabriele Neumann, Malik Peiris, Daniel R. Perez, Charles Russell, Kanta Subbarao, Troy C. Sutton, Richard J. Webby, Huanliang Yang, Hui-Ling Yen
Summary: Assessing the pandemic risk of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses is crucial for public health efforts, and ferret transmission experiments are valuable in predicting human-to-human transmission potential of novel influenza viruses. However, variability in experimental data interpretation exists due to small sample sizes and lack of standardized protocols.
Editorial Material
Virology
Felicia Goodrum, Anice Lowen, Seema Lakdawala, James Alwine, Arturo Casadevall, Michael Imperiale, Walter Atwood, Daphne Avgousti, Joel Baines, Bruce Banfield, Lawrence Banks, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Deepta Bhattacharya, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Bloom, Adrianus Boon, Steeve Boulant, Curtis Brandt, Andrew Broadbent, Christopher Brooke, Craig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Michael Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan-Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Muenger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing-hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko
Summary: Viruses have posed various challenges for humanity, but virology research has played a crucial role in reducing disease burden. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field, with concerns about conducting research on human pathogens and uncertainties regarding the origin of SARS-CoV-2. This has led to public confusion and misguided criticism of virology. This article aims to promote rational discourse by explaining gain-of-function approaches, discussing the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2, and outlining the regulatory structures in the United States that oversee virological research. The intention is to provide guidance to policymakers and maintain evidence-based discourse to address public concern and support vital virology research.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Felicia Goodrum, Anice Lowen, Seema Lakdawala, James Alwine, Arturo Casadevall, Michael Imperiale, Walter Atwood, Daphne Avgousti, Joel Baines, Bruce Banfield, Lawrence Banks, Sumita Bhaduri-McIntosh, Deepta Bhattacharya, Daniel Blanco-Melo, David Bloom, Adrianus Boon, Steeve Boulant, Curtis Brandt, Andrew Broadbent, Christopher Brooke, Craig Cameron, Samuel Campos, Patrizia Caposio, Gary Chan, Anna Cliffe, John Coffin, Kathleen Collins, Blossom Damania, Michael Daugherty, Kari Debbink, James DeCaprio, Terence Dermody, Jimmy Dikeakos, Daniel DiMaio, Rhoel Dinglasan, W. Paul Duprex, Rebecca Dutch, Nels Elde, Michael Emerman, Lynn Enquist, Bentley Fane, Ana Fernandez-Sesma, Michelle Flenniken, Lori Frappier, Matthew Frieman, Klaus Frueh, Michaela Gack, Marta Gaglia, Tom Gallagher, Denise Galloway, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Adam Geballe, Britt Glaunsinger, Stephen Goff, Alexander Greninger, Meaghan Hancock, Eva Harris, Nicholas Heaton, Mark Heise, Ekaterina Heldwein, Brenda Hogue, Stacy Horner, Edward Hutchinson, Joseph Hyser, William Jackson, Robert Kalejta, Jeremy Kamil, Stephanie Karst, Frank Kirchhoff, David Knipe, Timothy Kowalik, Michael Lagunoff, Laimonis Laimins, Ryan Langlois, Adam Lauring, Benhur Lee, David Leib, Shan-Lu Liu, Richard Longnecker, Carolina Lopez, Micah Luftig, Jennifer Lund, Balaji Manicassamy, Grant McFadden, Michael McIntosh, Andrew Mehle, W. Allen Miller, Ian Mohr, Cary Moody, Nathaniel Moorman, Anne Moscona, Bryan Mounce, Joshua Munger, Karl Muenger, Eain Murphy, Mojgan Naghavi, Jay Nelson, Christopher Neufeldt, Janko Nikolich, Christine O'Connor, Akira Ono, Walter Orenstein, David Ornelles, Jing-hsiung Ou, John Parker, Colin Parrish, Andrew Pekosz, Philip Pellett, Julie Pfeiffer, Richard Plemper, Stephen Polyak, John Purdy, Dohun Pyeon, Miguel Quinones-Mateu, Rolf Renne, Charles Rice, John Schoggins, Richard Roller, Charles Russell, Rozanne Sandri-Goldin, Martin Sapp, Luis Schang, Scott Schmid, Stacey Schultz-Cherry, Bert Semler, Thomas Shenk, Guido Silvestri, Viviana Simon, Gregory Smith, Jason Smith, Katherine Spindler, Megan Stanifer, Kanta Subbarao, Wesley Sundquist, Mehul Suthar, Troy Sutton, Andrew Tai, Vera Tarakanova, Benjamin tenOever, Scott Tibbetts, Stephen Tompkins, Zsolt Toth, Koenraad van Doorslaer, Marco Vignuzzi, Nicholas Wallace, Derek Walsh, Michael Weekes, Jason Weinberg, Matthew Weitzman, Sandra Weller, Sean Whelan, Elizabeth White, Bryan Williams, Christiane Wobus, Scott Wong, Andrew Yurochko
Summary: Viruses have posed numerous challenges to humanity, including respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment, and immunosuppression. Although virology research has made significant progress in combating these diseases through vaccines and antivirals, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field, with concerns regarding the safe conduct of research on human pathogens and uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. This article aims to promote rational discourse by explaining gain-of-function approaches in science, discussing the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2, and outlining the current regulatory structures in place for virological research in the United States. The goal is to aid policymakers in navigating these controversial issues and ensure balanced, evidence-based discussions that support vital virology research.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Meng Hu, Christina Kackos, Balaji Banoth, Chet Raj Ojha, Jeremy C. Jones, Shaohua Lei, Lei Li, Lisa Kercher, Richard J. Webby, Charles J. Russell
Summary: By investigating the HA stability of influenza viruses, we found that recent vaccine reference viruses had destabilized HA proteins, resulting in reduced infectivity and skewed antigenicity. Therefore, prioritizing HA stabilization in vaccine virus selection is important to reduce mismatches between vaccines and circulating viruses.
Article
Virology
Curt M. Horvath, Rebecca E. Dutch, Charles J. Russell
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)