Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mabroka H. Saad, Raied Badierah, Elrashdy M. Redwan, Esmail M. El-Fakharany
Summary: Exosomes, as a subtype of extracellular vesicles, play crucial roles in cellular communication and immune modulation. Recent studies have shown that many viruses exploit exosomes to export viral elements, influencing viral propagation and cellular immunity. Understanding exosome biology in viral infections is essential for developing novel therapeutic strategies and vaccines.
Article
Microbiology
Wakako Furuyama, Kyle Shifflett, Heinz Feldmann, Andrea Marzi
Summary: EBOV sGP plays a dual role in enhancing viral infectivity by promoting virus uptake in endosomes and activating the MAPK signaling pathway for increased replication. In a mouse model, sGP treatment significantly increases virus titers in the liver, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for EBOV.
Review
Virology
Nicole Mihelson, Dorian B. McGavern
Summary: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly cancer of the central nervous system with limited treatment options. Virotherapy shows promising results in overcoming the challenges posed by GBM and achieving success in treatment.
Review
Immunology
Xiaochun Xie, Jianxiong Zeng
Summary: Zika virus targets neural stem cells and progenitor cells, causing fetal microcephaly and other congenital malformations. The virus has developed a complex strategy of neuroimmune evasion to facilitate viral pathogenesis, especially in embryonic brain development.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Liangzheng Yu, Zhenbang Zhu, Junhua Deng, Kegong Tian, Xiangdong Li
Summary: African swine fever (ASF) is a severe disease that affects the swine industry worldwide. ASF virus (ASFV) mainly infects myeloid cells in swine, manipulating and blocking their antiviral activities. Vaccines are considered the most promising measure to control ASF outbreaks, but the development is limited by knowledge gaps in viral immune evasion. This review focuses on the antagonisms of ASFV-encoded proteins towards host defense mechanisms and discusses potential challenges in ASF vaccine development.
Review
Microbiology
Chonghui Xu, Jizheng Chen, Xinwen Chen
Summary: Hepatitis viruses are the primary causative agents of hepatitis and pose a major public health issue globally. The host innate immune system acts as the first line of defense against these viruses. However, hepatitis viruses evade host immune surveillance through various strategies, compromising the innate immune response and creating a favorable environment for viral replication.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Anwar A. G. Al-Kubati, Jamal Hussen, Mahmoud Kandeel, Abdullah I. A. Al-Mubarak, Maged Gomaa Hemida
Summary: BVDV consists of two species and various subspecies, vaccination is an important strategy for preventing outbreaks.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Huimin Hu, Ming Fu, Chuntian Li, Binman Zhang, Yuncheng Li, Qinxue Hu, Mudan Zhang
Summary: HSV-2 inhibits the activation of NF-kappa B through the immediate early protein ICP22, suggesting a novel mechanism by which HSV-2 evades the host antiviral responses.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Suchitra Mohanty, Edward W. Harhaj
Summary: Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. The immune response to HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms of innate immune detection are not well understood. This review highlights the roles of immune sensors in recognizing HTLV-1 infection and the strategies employed by HTLV-1 to subvert the innate immune response.
Review
Cell Biology
Takanobu Tagawa, Anna Serquin, Insun Kook, Joseph Ziegelbauer
Summary: Viral ncRNAs can manipulate host cells without evoking adaptive immune responses and may trigger host innate immune responses. Viruses can encode decoys/inhibitors to counteract and evade these responses, and in addition, ncRNAs can be secreted into the extracellular space, influencing adjacent cells to create a pro-viral microenvironment.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh, Alireza Zafarani, Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Sara Minaeian, Mohammad Mahmoudi
Summary: This article initially examines the role of natural killer cells in various viral infections and the mechanisms used by viruses to evade these important immune system cells. Subsequently, it discusses the role of NK cell-derived exosomes in controlling various viral infections. Finally, it reviews the current position of these cells in the treatment of viral infections and the therapeutic potential of their exosomes.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Review
Virology
Siobhan Gargan, Nigel J. Stevenson
Summary: Viroporins are a family of important viral proteins that regulate viral infection and replication in host cells, as well as contribute to viral immune evasion. Studies on viroporins are essential for the development of novel antiviral therapies.
Review
Immunology
Feng Pang, Qinqin Long, Min Wei
Summary: This article provides an overview of how bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) evades the host's immune response through various immune evasion strategies, thereby promoting the virus's survival and replication. Understanding BVDV's immune evasion strategies can enhance our knowledge of its pathogenesis and contribute to the development of more effective prevention, control, and eradication measures.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Pouria Momayyezi, Eleni Bilev, Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren, Quirin Hammer
Summary: This review examines immune evasion strategies employed by viruses, focusing on examples from human CMV and SARS-CoV-2. Three classes of viral evasion mechanisms are explored, including providing ligands for inhibitory receptor NKG2A, downregulating ligands for activating receptor NKG2D, and inducing immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The parallel comparison between viral and tumor immune evasion is discussed, with potential opportunities for overcoming evasion in cancer therapy. Insights gained from antiviral NK-cell responses may serve as valuable lessons for designing future cancer immunotherapies.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Xiu-Zhong Zhang, Fu-Huang Li, Xiao-Jia Wang
Summary: TRIM proteins play crucial roles in modulating antiviral immune responses, but viruses can evade host immune responses by antagonizing or utilizing TRIMs.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Yoshihito Kano, Jonathan D. Cook, Jeffrey E. Lee, Michael Ohh
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan D. Cook, Azmiri Sultana, Jeffrey E. Lee
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2017)
Article
Virology
Halil Aydin, Jonathan D. Cook, Jeffrey E. Lee
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Severa Bunda, Pardeep Heir, Tharan Srikumar, Jonathan D. Cook, Kelly Burrell, Yoshihito Kano, Jeffrey E. Lee, Gelareh Zadeh, Brian Raught, Michael Ohh
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Halil Aydin, Farshad C. Azimi, Jonathan D. Cook, Jeffrey E. Lee
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2012)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yoshihito Kano, Teklab Gebregiworgis, Christopher B. Marshall, Nikolina Radulovich, Betty P. K. Poon, Jonathan St-Germain, Jonathan D. Cook, Ivette Valencia-Sama, Benjamin M. M. Grant, Silvia Gabriela Herrera, Jinmin Miao, Brian Raught, Meredith S. Irwin, Jeffrey E. Lee, Jen Jen Yeh, Zhong-Yin Zhang, Ming-Sound Tsao, Mitsuhiko Ikura, Michael Ohh
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gang Chen, Jonathan D. Cook, Wei Ye, Jeffrey E. Lee, Sachdev S. Sidhu
Article
Cell Biology
Vitor Hugo B. Serrao, Jonathan D. Cook, Jeffrey E. Lee
Summary: This study investigated the structural and biophysical characteristics of a trapped intermediate formed by the fusion glycoprotein of influenza C virus, shedding light on the mechanism of intermediate formation mediated by conserved hydrophobic residues. The research revealed a late-stage extended intermediate structural event, contributing to our understanding of virus cell fusion.
Article
Biology
Jonathan D. Cook, Adree Khondker, Jeffrey E. Lee
Summary: The early humoral immune response to acute HIV-1 infection is non-neutralizing and targeted towards the PID region on the surface of HIV-1 virions. The PID, a conserved 15-residue region, undergoes structural changes and can be recognized by various non-neutralizing antibodies, contributing to HIV-1 immunodominance.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
