Article
Immunology
Baitshepi Mokaleng, Wonderful Tatenda Choga, Ontlametse Thato Bareng, Dorcas Maruapula, Doreen Ditshwanelo, Nametso Kelentse, Patrick Mokgethi, Natasha Onalenna Moraka, Modisa Sekhamo Motswaledi, Leabaneng Tawe, Catherine Kegakilwe Koofhethile, Sikhulile Moyo, Matshediso Zachariah, Simani Gaseitsiwe
Summary: HIV accumulates escape mutations in response to immune response, and the prevalence of CTL escape mutations in Botswana remains similar between two time points. The P17 protein has the most mutations, and unique mutations are found in both early and late time point sequences.
Article
Immunology
Eirini Moysi, Samuel Darko, Ester Gea-Mallorqui, Constantinos Petrovas, Jorge R. Almeida, David Wolinsky, Yanchun Peng, Assan Jaye, Guillaume Stewart-Jones, Daniel C. Douek, Richard A. Koup, Tao Dong, Sarah Rowland-Jones
Summary: The study reveals that the qualitative features of specific CD8+ T-cell clonotypes may be linked to effector mobilization and expansion in chronic HIV-2 infection, potentially impacting viral control and disease outcome.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Quentin Le Hingrat, Gilles Collin, Florence Damond, Gilles Peytavin, Samuel Lebourgeois, Jade Ghosn, Antoine Bachelard, Valentine Marie Ferre, Sophie Matheron, Diane Descamps, Charlotte Charpentier
Summary: HIV-2 resistance to INSTIs can occur through mutations or amino acid insertions. The newly described resistance pathway 231ins does not significantly affect viral replicative capacity, except for the 231ins GIRGK mutant. Mutants with a 5 amino acid insertion (GYKGK or SREGK) are resistant to all INSTIs.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Vinicius A. Vieira, Nicholas Herbert, Gabriela Cromhout, Emily Adland, Philip Goulder
Summary: Only three well-characterised cases of functional cure have been described in paediatric HIV infection over the past decade. This underlines the fact that early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), whilst minimising the size of the viral reservoir, is insufficient to achieve cure, unless other factors contribute. HIV-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cell responses play crucial roles in functional cure in paediatric infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Anne Kapaata, Sheila N. Balinda, Rui Xu, Maria G. Salazar, Kimberly Herard, Kelsie Brooks, Kato Laban, Jonathan Hare, Dario Dilernia, Anatoli Kamali, Eugene Ruzagira, Freddie Mukasa, Jill Gilmour, Jesus F. Salazar-Gonzalez, Ling Yue, Matthew Cotten, Eric Hunter, Pontiano Kaleebu
Summary: This study focused on Ugandan viruses from newly infected patients and investigated the role of Gag-Pol genes in replication capacity of HIV-1. The research found diversity in functional protein domains across the Gag-Pol region, with differences in the Gag-p6 domain frequently associated with higher in vitro replication levels.
Article
Immunology
Sivasankaran Munusamy Ponnan, K. K. Vidyavijayan, Kannan Thiruvengadam, Nancy J. Hilda, Manikannan Mathayan, Kailapuri Gangatharan Murugavel, Luke Elizabeth Hanna
Summary: CD4(+) T cells including Tfh and Tscm subsets play a crucial role in producing neutralizing antibodies, controlling virus replication, and slowing disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Maria A. Navarrete-Munoz, Ricardo Ramos, Africa Holguin, Alfonso Cabello, Miguel Gorgolas, Jose M. Benito, Norma Rallon
Summary: Accumulation of mutations in HIV-Gag CTL epitopes in the reservoir may hinder the elimination of HIV and challenge cure strategies. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results.
Article
Immunology
Julie Lucas, Li-Yun Lin, Nicodeme Paul, Geraldine Laumond, Jeromine Klingler, Sylvie Schmidt, Julia Frappier, Asma Essat, Laurence Meyer, Alicia Castro Gordon, Cecile Goujard, Seiamak Bahram, Christiane Moog
Summary: The study found that neutralizing antibodies preferentially directed against early-transmitted founder (T/F) viruses can be induced following HIV infection. These early-induced neutralizing antibodies may have lesser maturation characteristics, making them more interesting for future vaccine designs.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunxiang Guo, Yaxin Wu, Yang Zhang, Xinchao Liu, Aixin Li, Meixia Gao, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Guanzhi Chen, Xiaojie Huang
Summary: The overall prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) among ART-naive patients with primary HIV infection (PHI)/acute HIV infection (AHI)/early HIV infection (EHI) is at a moderate level, emphasizing the need for baseline drug resistance testing for public health surveillance and guiding the choice of antiretroviral therapy (ART). TDR to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) is the highest, while TDR to integrase inhibitors (INIs) is the lowest, which may influence the selection of clinical antiretroviral drugs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Paballo Nkone, Shayne Loubser, Thomas C. Quinn, Andrew D. Redd, Arshad Ismail, Caroline T. Tiemessen, Simnikiwe H. Mayaphi
Summary: This study characterized HIV-1 Pol CTL epitopes using deep sequencing and found many previously unreported epitopes for HIV-1 subtype C. The findings support the potential inclusion of reverse transcriptase and integrase epitopes as candidates for an HIV-1 vaccine.
Article
Virology
Joao Dinis Sousa, Philip J. Havik, Viktor Mueller, Anne-Mieke Vandamme
Summary: The study found that the period 1910-1920 was the worst for both Africans and Europeans in terms of STD incidence, which coincides with the estimated origin of pandemic HIV-1. The data strongly suggest a causal effect of STDs on the epidemic emergence of HIV-1.
Article
Neurosciences
Kate McMullen, Kathleen Bateman, Alan Stanley, Marc Combrinck, Susan Engelbrecht, Alan Bryer
Summary: HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) polymorphisms are associated with acute ischaemic stroke in individuals infected with HIV. Specific Vpr polymorphisms were found to be unique to individuals with stroke compared to South African subtype C and the control group. Therapeutic targeting of HIV-1 viral proteins may offer a potential mechanism to reduce stroke risk in HIV-infected individuals.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Clive R. Seed, Claire E. Styles, Veronica C. Hoad, Hung Yang, Michael J. Thomas, Iain B. Gosbell
Summary: The majority of early HIV infections can be detected within four weeks after cessation of PrEP, with a three-month deferral period for blood donation in Australia providing an appropriate safety margin to mitigate the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HIV.
Article
Immunology
Christina K. Psomas, Guillaume Penaranda, Frederique Retornaz, Hacene Khiri, Marion Delord, Philippe Halfon, Patrick Philibert
Summary: This study aimed to compare incident STIs among PLWHIV, HIV negative PrEP users, and no-PrEP users. The results showed that the STI risk was significantly higher among HIV negative no-PrEP users compared to PLWHIV, while there was no difference between PLWHIV and PrEP users. The study suggests that proactive follow-up and monitoring of PrEP users may help prevent an increase in STI incidence.
JOURNAL OF VIRUS ERADICATION
(2022)
Article
Ethics
Godwin Pancras, Mangi Ezekiel, David Nderitu, Bege Dauda, Erasto Vitus Mbugi
Summary: This study aimed to explore the benefits of HIV vaccine trials in Tanzania and examine ethical implications. The findings indicate a growing appreciation of benefits beyond vaccines, including capacity building and other non-capacity-building related benefits.
DEVELOPING WORLD BIOETHICS
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Heather A. Prentice, Priscilla H. Chan, Nithin C. Reddy, Ronald A. Navarro, Robert S. Namba, Elizabeth W. Paxton
Summary: The study aimed to assess the risk of aseptic revision in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients with and without a history of primary or revision arthroplasty of a different major joint. A matched cohort study was conducted using data from Kaiser Permanente's arthroplasty registries. The results showed that patients without a history of prior aseptic revision in a different joint had a higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee, while no difference in aseptic revision risk was observed for patients with a history of primary arthroplasty in a different joint. Patients with a history of revision had over a 2-fold higher risk of aseptic revision in the index knee, emphasizing the need for close surveillance of these patients.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Olwen C. Murphy, Elias S. Sotirchos, Grigorios Kalaitzidis, Elena Vasileiou, Henrik Ehrhardt, Jeffrey Lambe, Ohemaa Kwakyi, James Nguyen, Alexandra Zambriczki Lee, Julia Button, Blake E. Dewey, Scott D. Newsome, Ellen M. Mowry, Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Jerry L. Prince, Peter A. Calabresi, Shiv Saidha
Summary: This study investigated longitudinal changes in brain volumetric measures and retinal layer thicknesses following acute optic neuritis in people with multiple sclerosis. The results suggest that there is anterograde trans-synaptic degeneration after acute optic neuritis, which may have clinical relevance to visual outcomes.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Jacob Gorbaty, Priscilla H. Chan, Matthew D. McElvany, Heather A. Prentice, Edward H. Yian
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether the use of TXA reduces the risk of infection after primary elective shoulder arthroplasty. A retrospective cohort study of over 9000 patients found that the preoperative use of TXA was not associated with a decrease in the 5-year probability of revision for deep infection.
JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Daniel J. Stieh, Dan H. Barouch, Christy Comeaux, Michal Sarnecki, Kathryn E. Stephenson, Stephen R. Walsh, Sheetal Sawant, Jack Heptinstall, Georgia D. Tomaras, James G. Kublin, M. Juliana McElrath, Kristen W. Cohen, Stephen C. De Rosa, Galit Alter, Guido Ferrari, David Montefiori, Philipp Mann, Steven Nijs, Katleen Callewaert, Paul A. Goepfert, Srilatha Edupuganti, Etienne Karita, Michael S. Seaman, Lawrence Corey, Lindsey R. Baden, Maria G. Pau, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Frank Tomaka
Summary: This study developed a cross-clade, globally effective HIV vaccine through clinical trials on healthy individuals with low risk for HIV infection. The findings showed that adding mosaic gp140 to the vaccine regimen increased and broadened the elicited immune response without compromising safety or clade C responses.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Gurpreet Singh, Heather A. Prentice, Benjamin A. Winston, Erik W. Kroger
Summary: This study compared the efficacy and safety of aspirin and potent anticoagulation agents in preventing VTE after TKA and THA. The results showed that aspirin was as effective as LMWH and warfarin in both TKA and THA, and it was also effective in higher-risk patients. However, the noninferiority of aspirin compared to factor Xa inhibitors has not been confirmed.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Kanu Okike, Richard N. Chang, Priscilla H. Chan, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Heather A. Prentice
Summary: This study investigated prolonged opioid usage after hip fracture in older individuals and found that the risk factors included younger age, female gender, smoking history, fracture fixation, and anxiety. Prolonged usage was less common among Asian patients and those with a history of dementia.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Gregory B. Maletis, Heather A. Prentice, Ronald W. B. Wyatt, Elizabeth W. Paxton, Tadashi T. Funahashi
Summary: We evaluated if allograft utilization for primary ACL reconstruction changed after implementing a program to reduce allograft use, and if revision rates changed after the intervention. Our study showed a decrease in allograft utilization and a decrease in ACL reconstruction revision rates following the intervention.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Christine B. Turley, LaKesha Tables, Trevon Fuller, Lisa J. Sanders, Hyman Scott, Amaran Moodley, Amanda Woodward Davis, Brett Leav, Jacqueline Miller, Kathryn Schoemaker, An Vandebosch, Jerald Sadoff, Wayne Woo, Iksung Cho, Lisa M. Dunkle, Sijia Li, Lars van der Laan, Peter B. Gilbert, Dean Follmann, Holly Jaynes, James G. Kublin, Lindsey R. Baden, Paul Goepfert, Karen Kotloff, Cynthia L. Gay, Ann R. Falsey, Hana M. El Sahly, Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk, Yunda Huang, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Lawrence Corey, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Glenda Gray, Nadine Rouphael, Alex Luedtke
Summary: This article reports on a cross-protocol analysis of four Phase 3 COVID-19 trials, analyzing placebo-controlled data. The analysis shows that the effectiveness of different vaccine platforms against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 is not influenced by baseline socio-demographic, clinical, or exposure characteristics. This supports the use of these vaccines as effective tools in reducing COVID-19.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shelly Karuna, Jorge Gallardo-Cartagena, Deborah Theodore, Portia Hunidzarira, Juan Montenegro-Idrogo, Jiani Hu, Megan Jones, Vicky Kim, Robert De La Grecca, Meg Trahey, Carissa Karg, Azwi Takalani, Laura Polakowski, Julia Hutter, Maurine D. Miner, Nathan Erdmann, Paul Goepfert, Rebone Maboa, Lawrence Corey, Katherine Gill, Shuying Sue Li
Summary: This global observational cohort study investigated the convalescent course of SARS-CoV-2 infection among adults in Africa, North America, and South America. The study found that the severity of infection, race, lung disease, and region were associated with the duration of post-COVID symptoms.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nadine G. Rouphael, Angela R. Branche, David J. Diemert, Ann R. Falsey, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R. Baden, Sharon E. Frey, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Susan J. Little, Satoshi Kamidani, Emmanuel B. Walter, Richard M. Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A. Jackson, Tara M. Babu, Angelica C. Kottkamp, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Lilly C. Immergluck, Rachel M. Presti, Martin Backer, Patricia L. Winokur, Siham M. Mahgoub, Paul A. Goepfert, Dahlene N. Fusco, Robert L. Atmar, Christine M. Posavad, Antonia Netzl, Derek J. Smith, Kalyani Telu, Jinjian Mu, Lisa J. McQuarrie, Mat Makowski, Mamodikoe K. Makhene, Sonja Crandon, David C. Montefiori, Paul C. Roberts, John H. Beigel, Kuleni Abebe
Summary: A comparison was conducted on the serologic responses in adults between a single dose and a two-dose variant vaccine (Moderna mRNA-1273 Beta/Omicron BA.1 bivalent vaccine). The findings indicate that a two-dose boosting regimen with a variant vaccine does not enhance the magnitude or durability of the serological responses compared to a single variant vaccine boost.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela R. Branche, Nadine G. Rouphael, David J. Diemert, Ann R. Falsey, Cecilia Losada, Lindsey R. Baden, Sharon E. Frey, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Susan J. Little, Evan J. Anderson, Emmanuel B. Walter, Richard M. Novak, Richard Rupp, Lisa A. Jackson, Tara M. Babu, Angelica C. Kottkamp, Anne F. Luetkemeyer, Lilly C. Immergluck, Rachel M. Presti, Martin Baecker, Patricia L. Winokur, Siham M. Mahgoub, Paul A. Goepfert, Dahlene N. Fusco, Elissa Malkin, Jeffrey M. Bethony, Edward E. Walsh, Daniel S. Graciaa, Hady Samaha, Amy C. Sherman, Stephen R. Walsh, Getahun Abate, Zacharoula Oikonomopoulou, Hana M. El Sahly, Thomas C. S. Martin, Satoshi Kamidani, Michael J. Smith, Benjamin G. Ladner, Laura Porterfield, Maya Dunstan, Anna Wald, Tamia Davis, Robert L. Atmar, Mark J. Mulligan, Kirsten E. Lyke, Christine M. Posavad, Megan A. Meagher, David S. Stephens, Kathleen M. Neuzil, Kuleni Abebe, Heather Hill, Jim Albert, Kalyani Telu, Jinjian Mu, Teri C. Lewis, Lisa A. Giebeig, Amanda Eaton, Antonia Netzl, Samuel H. Wilks, Sina Tuereli, Mamodikoe Makhene, Sonja Crandon, David C. Montefiori, Mat Makowski, Derek J. Smith, Seema U. Nayak, Paul C. Roberts, John H. Beigel, COVAIL Study Grp
Summary: In this study, boosting with updated vaccines targeting SARS-CoV-2 variants provides broadly crossprotective neutralizing antibody responses without sacrificing immunity to the ancestral strain.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kai Qin, Kazuhito Honjo, Scott Sherrill-Mix, Weimin Liu, Regina M. Stoltz, Allisa K. Oman, Lucinda A. Hall, Ran Li, Sarah Sterrett, Ellen R. Frederick, Jeffrey R. Lancaster, Mayur Narkhede, Amitkumar Mehta, Foluso J. Ogunsile, Rima B. Patel, Thomas J. Ketas, Victor M. Cruz M. Portillo, Albert Cupo, Benjamin M. Larimer, Anju Bansal, Paul A. Goepfert, Beatrice H. Hahn, Randall S. Davis
Summary: This study investigated the immune response of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients to the COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that CLL patients had lower seroconversion rates and antibody titers compared to healthy individuals. The cellular immune response was also weaker in CLL patients. The study identified mRNA-1273 vaccine as more effective than BNT162b2 vaccine for CLL patients. Alternative vaccine regimens should be considered for CLL patients and other immunocompromised populations.
Article
Immunology
Mark A. Marzinke, Brett Hanscom, Zhe Wang, Steven A. Safren, Christina Psaros, Deborah Donnell, Paul A. Richardson, Philip Sullivan, Susan H. Eshleman, Andrea Jennings, Kailazarid Gomez Feliciano, Emilia Jalil, Carolina Coutinho, Nadir Cardozo, Bernardo Maia, Taimur Khan, Yashna Singh, Keren Middelkoop, Julie Franks, Javier Valencia, Naiymah Sanchez, Jonathan Lucas, James F. Rooney, Alex R. Rinehart, Susan Ford, Adeola Adeyeye, Myron S. Cohen, Marybeth McCauley, Raphael J. Landovitz, Beatriz Grinsztejn
Summary: This study characterizes the cohort of transgender women included in the HPTN 083 trial. The results show that transgender women were well represented in the trial and should continue to be prioritized in HIV prevention studies. Injectable cabotegravir is a safe and effective pre-exposure prophylaxis option for transgender women.
Article
Surgery
J. Spivak, P. H. Chan, H. A. Prentice, E. W. Paxton, E. R. Brill
Summary: The purpose of this study was to describe a cohort of patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair and evaluate the risk for postoperative events by surgeon and hospital volume within each surgical approach. The results showed that high-volume surgeons may reduce reoperation risk following laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair.
Article
Surgery
Cheryl L. Park, P. H. Chan, H. A. Prentice, K. Sucher, E. R. Brill, E. W. Paxton, B. Laxa
Summary: This study identified several risk factors associated with reoperation following inguinal hernia repair, including increasing age, female gender, increasing body mass index, White race, chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, drug abuse, peripheral vascular disease, and bilateral procedures. These risk factors may be targeted for optimization protocols to reduce reoperation risk prior to elective inguinal hernia repair.