Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kelsey R. Thomas, Jessica R. Osuna, Alexandra J. Weigand, Emily C. Edmonds, Alexandra L. Clark, Sophia Holmqvist, Isabel H. Cota, Christina E. Wierenga, Mark W. Bondi, Katherine J. Bangen
Summary: The study examined patterns of regional cerebral blood flow across different stages of Alzheimer's disease, revealing increased blood flow in specific brain regions in participants with subtle cognitive decline, potentially reflecting early neurovascular dysregulation and cognitive inefficiencies.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jacob D. Jones, Carmen Uribe, Joseph Bunch, Kelsey R. Thomas
Summary: For individuals with PD, the Obj-SCD criteria can predict future cognitive decline and difficulties with ADLs, serving as a useful tool for identification. Obj-SCD represents an intermediate level of impairment in cognition and ADL, between CN and PD-MCI.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Ankit Kumar Sahu, Praveen Aggarwal, Meera Ekka, Jamshed Nayer, Sanjeev Bhoi, Akshay Kumar, Kalpana Luthra
Summary: This study demonstrates that elevated serum chymase levels at admission can serve as a biomarker for predicting the development of severe dengue during the course of illness. The accuracy and reliability of this marker is significantly higher than that of platelet count at admission. Monitoring chymase levels can provide a more accurate assessment of disease severity in dengue patients.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jing Xu, Xiao-xiao Li, Na Yuan, Chao Li, Jin-gang Yang, Li-ming Cheng, Zhong-xin Lu, Hong-yan Hou, Bo Zhang, Hui Hu, Yu Qian, Xin-xuan Liu, Guo-chao Li, Yue-dan Wang, Ming Chu, Chao-ran Dong, Fan Liu, Qing-gang Ge, Yue-jin Yang
Summary: In this study, T cell receptor (TCR) profiles in the blood of 192 COVID-19 patients and 81 healthy controls were analyzed using high-throughput TCRβ sequencing. The study found that COVID-19 patients had decreased diversity of TCR clonotypes compared to healthy controls, but the overall abundance of dominant clones increased with disease severity. Significant differences in genomic rearrangement of variable, joining, and VJ pairings were also identified between patient groups. The study also found that the SARS-CoV-2-associated TCRs identified could accurately differentiate COVID-19 patients from healthy controls and distinguish those with moderate symptoms from those with more severe forms of the disease. These findings indicate that TCR repertoires can be informative biomarkers for monitoring COVID-19 progression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John P. Hanley, Huy A. Tu, Julie A. Dragon, Dorothy M. Dickson, Roxana del Rio-Guerra, Scott W. Tighe, Korin M. Eckstrom, Nicholas Selig, Samuel Scarpino, Stephen S. Whitehead, Anna P. Durbin, Kristen K. Pierce, Beth D. Kirkpatrick, Donna M. Rizzo, Seth Frietze, Sean A. Diehl
Summary: This study investigates the host immunotranscriptome response in humans before, during, and after infection with a partially attenuated rDEN2 Delta 30 challenge virus. It identifies inflammatory gene induction during DENV2 viremia and non-baseline gene expression post-viremia, offering potential biomarkers for characterizing primary DENV infection.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Amanda T. Calcetas, Kelsey R. Thomas, Emily C. Edmonds, Sophia L. Holmqvist, Lauren Edwards, Maria Bordyug, Lisa Delano-Wood, Adam M. Brickman, Mark W. Bondi, Katherine J. Bangen, Alzheimers Dis Neuroimaging Initiative
Summary: White matter hyperintensities (WMH), a marker of small vessel cerebrovascular disease, increase the risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found that individuals with objectively-defined subtle cognitive decline (Obj-SCD) had greater WMH in the temporal, occipital, and frontal regions compared to cognitively unimpaired individuals (CU). Those with MCI had higher WMH volume across all regions. The findings support the use of Obj-SCD criteria to capture biologically-based cognitive changes.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lana M. Chahine, Michael C. Brumm, Chelsea Caspell-Garcia, Wolfgang Oertel, Brit Mollenhauer, Amy Amara, Ana Fernandez-Arcos, Eduardo Tolosa, Cristina Simonet, Birgit Hogl, Aleksandar Videnovic, Samantha J. Hutten, Caroline Tanner, Daniel Weintraub, Elliot Burghardt, Christopher Coffey, Hyunkeun R. Cho, Karl Kieburtz, Kathleen L. Poston, Kalpana Merchant, Douglas Galasko, Tatiana Foroud, Andrew Siderowf, Kenneth Marek, Tanya Simuni, Alex Iranzo
Summary: The study investigated the utility of DAT imaging as a biomarker for predicting clinically-defined aSN diagnosis in iRBD patients, finding that those with lower than expected baseline DAT binding ratios had a higher risk of aSN diagnosis. The results highlight the potential of DAT imaging in identifying high-risk individuals.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katherine J. Bangen, Kelsey R. Thomas, Alexandra J. Weigand, Emily C. Edmonds, Alexandra L. Clark, Seraphina Solders, Lisa Delano-Wood, Douglas R. Galasko, Mark W. Bondi
Summary: The study demonstrates the utility of plasma NFL as a biomarker of early AD-related changes, and supports the use of Obj-SCD criteria in clinical research to better capture subtle cognitive changes. Individuals with Obj-SCD and MCI showed elevated baseline plasma NFL relative to the cognitively normal group, and elevated NFL predicted faster rate of cognitive and functional decline across the sample. Within the Obj-SCD and MCI groups, higher NFL levels predicted faster rate of decline in memory and preclinical AD composite score compared to the cognitively normal group.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rupal I. Mehta, Julie A. Schneider
Summary: The relationship between age-related cognitive decline and underlying neuropathologic substrates is increasingly studied, traditional neuropathologic criteria may need new considerations, and Alzheimer's dementia is recognized as a pathologically heterogeneous and biologically multilayered disease. Recent studies indicate that factors beyond diagnostic plaques and tangles, such as energetics, neurogenetics, neuroimmunology, resilience, proteinopathies, and waste clearance, may play a role in the development of the disease.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hartl Johannes, Wehmeyer Malte, Alali Sheima, Sebode Marcial, Weidemann Soeren, Ptashynska Anastasiya, Weiler-Normann Christina, Schramm Christoph, Lohse Ansgar Willhelm, Krech Till, Schrader Joerg
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the added benefit of double biopsy of both liver lobes during minilaparoscopy in guiding treatment decisions in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The results showed that differences in inflammatory activity were observed in some patients through double biopsy, which had a direct impact on treatment decisions.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Hans-Peter Mueller, Anna Behler, Maximilian Muench, Johannes Dorst, Albert C. C. Ludolph, Jan Kassubek
Summary: This study investigates the association between the sequential alteration pattern and disease severity in patients with ALS using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The results show that the progression of white matter alterations across tracts is associated with clinical disease severity, suggesting the use of staging-based DTI as a technical marker for disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wenjia Lin, Shiying Liu, Zhuojian Huang, Haiwen Li, Tianyu Lu, Yongxin Luo, Jiamin Zhong, Zewen Xu, Yu Liu, Yanwu Li, Peiwu Li, Qian Xu, Jiazhong Cai, Huibiao Li, Xin-lin Chen
Summary: This study investigated the immune cell characteristics in patients with active Crohn's disease (CDa) and inactive Crohn's disease (CDin) using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. The results showed that CDa patients had higher abundances of specific immune cell subsets compared to CDin patients, while CDin patients exhibited an increase in specific NK cells. These findings provide insights for the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn's disease.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Dongfeng Feng, Yaping Guan, Mingguo Liu, Shuqian He, Weipeng Zhao, Beibei Yin, Jing Liang, Yan Li, Jun Wang
Summary: Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of advanced solid tumors, but response rates are unsatisfactory and a small subgroup of patients may experience hyperprogressive disease. This case report highlights a patient with metastatic breast cancer who developed HPD after treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor but showed a positive response to a sequential PD-1 inhibitor.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Shabnam Nohesara, Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky, Sam Thiagalingam, Jin-Rong Zhou
Summary: Genetic mutations, epigenetic changes, neurotoxin exposure, and gut microbiota dysregulation play a role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The dynamic composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites influence the integrity of the intestinal and blood-brain barriers, contributing to the pathogenesis of AD and PD. This review explores the connections between protein misfolding, aggregation, epigenetic changes, and the development of these diseases. It also highlights the role of a leaky gut and the microbiota-gut-brain axis in promoting AD and PD through inflammation-induced epigenetic alterations. Additionally, the potential of diet, probiotics, and microbiota transplantation for preventing and treating AD and PD through epigenetic modifications is discussed, along with current challenges and future considerations. These approaches offer promise for translating research findings into practical clinical applications.
Article
Mechanics
K. E. Hoque, M. Ferdows, S. Sawall, E. E. Tzirtzilakis, M. A. Xenos
Summary: This study investigates the hemodynamic properties of different degrees of stenosis in coronary arteries using pulsatile heart flow simulations. The results demonstrate the relationship between hemodynamic factors and predict physiological computation in severe MCS conditions. Insights gained from this study enhance the understanding and improvement of pathophysiological assessment of MCS, and provide a visualization method for diagnosing coronary irregularities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nathen E. Bopp, Kara J. Jencks, Crystyan Siles, Carolina Guevara, Stalin Vilcarromero, Diana Fernandez, Eric S. Halsey, Julia S. Ampuero, Patricia Aguilar
Summary: Previous exposure to MAYV may not provide protection against subsequent CHIKV infection and does not generate cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Colleen M. Leonard, Hussein Mohammed, Mekonnen Tadesse, Jessica N. McCaffery, Doug Nace, Eric S. Halsey, Samuel Girma, Ashenafi Assefa, Jimee Hwang, Eric Rogier
Summary: This study investigated whether mixed infections were missed by microscopy in a therapeutic efficacy study in Ethiopia. The results showed that even with multiple trained readers, microscopy can miss P. falciparum/P. vivax mixed infections.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Correction
Infectious Diseases
David Roiz, Anne L. Wilson, Thomas W. Scott, Dina M. Fonseca, Frederic Jourdain, Pie Mueller, Raman Velayudhan, Vincent Corbel
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy C. Morrison, Robert C. Reiner, William H. Elson, Helvio Astete, Carolina Guevara, Clara del Aguila, Isabel Bazan, Crystyan Siles, Patricia Barrera, Anna B. Kawiecki, Christopher M. Barker, Gissella M. Vasquez, Karin Escobedo-Vargas, Carmen Flores-Mendoza, Alfredo A. Huaman, Mariana Leguia, Maria E. Silva, Sarah A. Jenkins, Wesley R. Campbell, Eugenio J. Abente, Robert D. Hontz, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan, John P. Grieco, Neil F. Lobo, Thomas W. Scott, Nicole L. Achee
Summary: This study provides conclusive evidence from a clinical trial that a transfluthrin-based spatial repellent significantly reduces ABV infection and has a significant impact on the population and blood-fed rates of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas W. Scott, Alan Grafen, Stuart A. West
Summary: Crozier's paradox suggests that genetic kin recognition is not evolutionarily stable. However, this study shows that allowing for multiple social encounters before each interaction can eliminate this paradox and stabilize genetic kin recognition. Rare tags are better indicators of relatedness and help individuals avoid interactions with non-cooperative cheats.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amy C. H. Morrison, Valerie A. Paz-Soldan, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Louis Lambrechts, William H. Elson, Patricia A. Barrera, Helvio C. Astete, Veronica B. Briesemeister, Mariana C. Leguia, Sarah A. Jenkins, Kanya C. L. Long, Anna B. A. Kawiecki, Robert C. D. Reiner Jr, T. Alex T. Perkins, Alun L. M. Lloyd, Lance A. Waller, Robert D. P. Hontz, Steven T. L. Stoddard, Christopher M. W. Barker, Uriel Kitron, John P. Elder, Alan L. Rothman, Thomas W. Scott
Summary: Current knowledge of dengue virus transmission is limited and has more failures than successes. The foundation for interventions is based on untested assumptions from a small portion of the human population with clinically apparent disease. There is a need to embrace heterogeneities in virus transmission dynamics and conduct comprehensive longitudinal studies.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hasitha Tissera, D. S. Anoja F. Dheerasinghe, Neelika Malavige, H. Asita de Silva, Amy C. C. Morrison, Thomas W. W. Scott, Robert C. C. Reiner Jr, John P. P. Grieco, Nicole L. L. Achee
Summary: This article describes a trial conducted in Sri Lanka to evaluate the efficacy of a spatial repellent called Mosquito Shield (TM) in reducing Aedes-borne viruses. The trial uses a cluster-randomized design and measures the effect of the repellent through serological testing and entomological surveys. The results will be submitted to the World Health Organization for assessment and potential endorsement of spatial repellents in Aedes-borne virus control programs.
Correction
Infectious Diseases
Sean M. Cavany, Guido Espana, Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Thomas W. Scott, T. Alex Perkins
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Eder Cano-Perez, Martha Gonzalez-Beltran, Julia S. S. Ampuero, Doris Gomez-Camargo, Amy C. Morrison, Helvio Astete
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Culicidae fauna in rural and peri-urban areas of the Colombian Caribbean region and assessed the risk of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. The study found a high diversity of mosquito species in the study area, including arbovirus vectors, indicating a potential disease transmission risk in these areas.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rosa Sunol, Ana Isabel Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Claudia Valli, Marta Ballester, Laura Seils, Monique Heijmans, Rune Poortvliet, Marieke van der Gaag, Claudio Rocha, Montserrat Leon-Garcia, Karla Salas-Gama, Ena Nino de Guzman, Chrysoula Kaloteraki, Marilina Santero, Cristina Spoiala, Pema Gurung, Saida Moaddine, Fabienne Wilemen, Iza Cools, Julia Bleeker, Angelina Kancheva, Julia Ertl, Tajda Laure, Ivana Kancheva, Areti Angeliki Veroniki, Stella Zevgiti, Jessica Beltran, Carlos Canelo-Aybar, Jessica Hanae Zafra-Tanaka, Georgios Seitidis, Dimitris Mavridis, Oliver Groene, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Carola Orrego
Summary: The objective of this study was to conduct an evidence map on self-management interventions and patient-relevant outcomes for adults living with overweight/obesity. The majority of the research focused on clinical outcomes and behaviors adherence, while empowerment skills, quality of life, and satisfaction were less targeted. The most frequent techniques used were sharing information, goal setting, and self-monitoring training. The study highlights the need to widen the scope of research by focusing on outcomes important to patients, assessing emotional/social/share-decision support, exploring remote techniques, and including vulnerable populations.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
(2023)
Letter
Evolutionary Biology
Thomas W. Scott, Stuart A. West, Anna E. Dewar, Geoff Wild
Summary: Horizontal gene transfer can only significantly increase genetic relatedness and promote cooperation when plasmids are rare. When plasmids are common, there are few opportunities for horizontal gene transfer and relatedness is not increased, therefore cooperation is not favored. The overall level of plasmid-mediated cooperation is consistently negligible or low.
Article
Biology
Thomas W. Scott, Geoff Wild
Summary: Social behaviours are typically modelled using neighbour-modulated fitness, but the interpretation is often unclear. This study presents a systematic methodology for constructing inclusive-fitness models, which focuses on individuals altering the fitness of neighbours. The approach is simpler and provides a clearer narrative of inclusive fitness compared to traditional neighbour-modulated fitness methodologies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Nicole L. Achee, T. Alex Perkins, Sean M. Moore, Fang Liu, Issaka Sagara, Suzanne Van Hulle, Eric O. Ochomo, John E. Gimnig, Hasitha A. Tissera, Steven A. Harvey, April Monroe, Amy C. Morrison, Thomas W. Scott, Robert C. Reiner Jr, John P. Grieco
Summary: Spatial repellent products are designed to provide protection against daytime and early-evening biting, in enclosed/semi-enclosed and peri-domestic spaces. They have demonstrated effectiveness against insecticide-resistant vectors linked to malaria and dengue transmission. However, the lack of epidemiological data showing their public health impact across different settings limits the ability to make WHO policy recommendations.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Eric Rogier, Jessica N. McCaffery, Doug Nace, Samaly Souza Svigel, Ashenafi Assefa, Jimee Hwang, Simon Kariuki, Aaron M. Samuels, Nelli Westercamp, Arsene Ratsimbasoa, Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Aline Uwimana, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar, Eric S. Halsey
Summary: HRP2-based rapid diagnostic tests are effective in detecting Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but deletions in pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 genes pose a threat to the use of these tests. Evaluation of TES samples revealed a low prevalence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in most locations.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)