Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Douglas L. Rothman, Stephen C. Stearns, Robert G. Shulman
Summary: Research indicates that during the Crabtree effect in yeast, short-term adaptation depends on the ability of the glycogen/trehalose shunt to balance the glycolytic pathway, with later gene expression of new isoforms of glycolytic enzymes providing additional homeostatic mechanisms for increased ATP production and product efficiency while maintaining glycolytic balance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Tom Stewart, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study investigates the factors influencing respiratory exchange ratio (RER) during continuous exercise. It identifies exercise duration, dietary intake, and sex as the most influential factors on RER. The study also suggests that current models cannot fully explain the variability in RER and calls for further research on older subjects, females, and other factors that could explain additional variability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Athanasios Kousathanas, Erola Pairo-Castineira, Konrad Rawlik, Alex Stuckey, Christopher A. Odhams, Susan Walker, Clark D. Russell, Tomas Malinauskas, Yang Wu, Jonathan Millar, Xia Shen, Katherine S. Elliott, Fiona Griffiths, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Kirstie Morrice, Sean Keating, Bo Wang, Daniel Rhodes, Lucija Klaric, Marie Zechner, Nick Parkinson, Afshan Siddiq, Peter Goddard, Sally Donovan, David Maslove, Alistair Nichol, Malcolm G. Semple, Tala Zainy, Fiona Maleady-Crowe, Linda Todd, Shahla Salehi, Julian Knight, Greg Elgar, Georgia Chan, Prabhu Arumugam, Christine Patch, Augusto Rendon, David Bentley, Clare Kingsley, Jack A. Kosmicki, Julie E. Horowitz, Aris Baras, Goncalo R. Abecasis, Manuel A. R. Ferreira, Anne Justice, Tooraj Mirshahi, Matthew Oetjens, Daniel J. Rader, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Anurag Verma, Tom A. Fowler, Manu Shankar-Hari, Charlotte Summers, Charles Hinds, Peter Horby, Lowell Ling, Danny McAuley, Hugh Montgomery, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Paul Elliott, Timothy Walsh, Albert Tenesa, Angie Fawkes, Lee Murphy, Kathy Rowan, Chris P. Ponting, Veronique Vitart, James F. Wilson, Jian Yang, Andrew D. Bretherick, Richard H. Scott, Sara Clohisey Hendry, Loukas Moutsianas, Andy Law, Mark J. Caulfield, J. Kenneth Baillie
Summary: This study used whole-genome sequencing to compare the genomes of 7,491 critically ill individuals with 48,400 controls, and identified 23 independent variants associated with critical COVID-19. The research found multiple genes that are involved in interferon signaling, leukocyte differentiation, and blood-type antigen secretion to be associated with critical illness.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manwen Su, Xiaojun Zhang, Jianbo Yuan, Xiaoxi Zhang, Fuhua Li
Summary: This study found that insulin-like peptide (ILP) in Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, regulates hemolymph glucose stability by regulating the expression of glucose metabolism genes, playing a conserved role similar to insulin in vertebrates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew L. Wolfe, Qingwen Zhou, Eneda Toska, Jacqueline Galeas, Angel A. Ku, Richard P. Koche, Sourav Bandyopadhyay, Maurizio Scaltriti, Carlito B. Lebrilla, Frank McCormick, Sung Eun Kim
Summary: The enzyme UGP2, which synthesizes UDP-glucose, plays a crucial role in maintaining pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth. Its transcription is directly regulated by the YAP-TEAD complex, and loss of UGP2 leads to decreased glycogen levels and defects in glycosylation of important targets for PDAC survival.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Eugene E. Lin, Emily Scott-Solomon, Rejji Kuruvilla
Summary: Precision regulation of circulating glucose is crucial for human health, with peripheral nerves playing a key role in glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Studies have shown dynamic changes in peripheral innervation in obesity and diabetes animal models, highlighting the potential of peripheral nerves as a new therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Wangjun Wu, Zengkai Zhang, Zhe Chao, Bojiang Li, Rongyang Li, Aiwen Jiang, Kee-Hong Kim, Honglin Liu
Summary: This study used RNA-Seq technology to construct gene expression libraries from pig longissimus dorsi muscles, identifying genes related to glycolytic potential that affect meat quality. The research found that genes like LDHB and PFKFB3 are closely correlated with pig meat GP values, lactate content, and drip loss characteristics.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria J. Gonzalez-Rellan, Marcos F. Fondevila, Carlos Dieguez, Ruben Nogueiras
Summary: O-GlcNAcylation, governed by the activity of OGT and OGA enzymes, plays a crucial role in regulating systemic glucose homeostasis. Dysregulation of blood glucose levels can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liangkui Li, Haoyu Zhou, Jinhui Wang, Jiaxin Li, Xuchao Lyu, Wenshan Wang, Chengting Luo, He Huang, Dawang Zhou, Xiaowei Chen, Li Xu, Peng Li
Summary: This study reveals that the liver functions as an energy conversion center to maintain blood glucose homeostasis in neonates. Glucose is found to be the universal fuel essential for neonatal life. The limitation of lipid supply in milk leads to severe hypoglycemia and neonatal lethality.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Fosch, Sebastian Zagmutt, Nuria Casals, Rosalia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
Summary: SF1 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus play a crucial role in sensing glucose levels and mediating insulin and leptin signaling, as well as in energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis, particularly in the early stages of obesity. While studies have provided insight into the central role of these neurons in whole-body energy homeostasis, they have also raised new questions regarding the existence of neuronal sub-populations and the complexity of neurocircuitry.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Longlong Tu, Makoto Fukuda, Qingchun Tong, Yong Xu
Summary: This review discusses the role of the brain in glucose homeostasis, particularly in the contexts of hypoglycemia and diabetes, emphasizing the potential roles played by non-neuronal cells and extracellular matrix, as well as the ionic mechanisms by which glucose-sensing neurons sense fluctuations of ambient glucose levels.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jose Donato, Frederick Wasinski, Isadora C. Furigo, Martin Metzger, Renata Frazao
Summary: Growth hormone plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism in the brain, affecting food intake, energy expenditure, blood sugar levels, and neuroendocrine changes. It acts as a hormonal factor that conveys homeostatic information to the brain to produce metabolic adjustments in order to promote energy homeostasis.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Franziska Lademann, Martina Rauner, Nicolas Bonnet, Lorenz C. Hofbauer, Elena Tsourdi
Summary: Bone remodeling and glucose homeostasis are closely related, but suppressing bone remodeling does not affect whole-body glucose homeostasis in male mice with hypothyroidism. However, hypothyroidism leads to changes in glucose handling and glucose uptake in muscle, liver, and epididymal white adipose tissue.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiao Mo, Xinhang Wang, Ningjing Liang, Ning Zhang, Yunqing Li, Zhijian Zheng, Qingqing Ao, Yijie Wu, Tingting Tang, Simi Liao, Yu Lei, Huan Ding, Bingxin Du, Mei Feng, Chengying Chen, Qianqian Shi, Lancheng Wei, Yue Huang, Cailing Lu, Shen Tang, Xiyi Li
Summary: The knockout of hepatic LCMT1 improves glucose intolerance and insulin resistance induced by high fat diet, indicating that inhibiting LCMT1 could be a potential therapeutic strategy for glucose metabolism disorders.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rens L. J. van Meijel, Ellen E. Blaak, Gijs H. Goossens
Summary: Hypoxic exercise (HE) may have comparable effects on glucose concentrations and glycemic variability to exercise under normoxic conditions (NE), but a more pronounced reduction in systemic oxygen saturation (SpO2) during HE was associated with lower glucose concentrations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Fabio L. Urbina, Shawn M. Gomez, Stephanie L. Gupton
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2018)
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tudor I. Oprea, Cristian G. Bologa, Soren Brunak, Allen Campbell, Gregory N. Gan, Anna Gaulton, Shawn M. Gomez, Rajarshi Guha, Anne Hersey, Jayme Holmes, Ajit Jadhav, Lars Juhl Jensen, Gary L. Johnson, Anneli Karlson, Andrew R. Leach, Avi Ma'ayan, Anna Malovannaya, Subramani Mani, Steven L. Mathias, Michael T. McManus, Terrence F. Meehan, Christian von Mering, Daniel Muthas, Dac-Trung Nguyen, John P. Overington, George Papadatos, Jun Qin, Christian Reich, Bryan L. Roth, Stephan C. Schurer, Anton Simeonov, Larry A. Sklar, Noel Southall, Susumu Tomita, Ilinca Tudose, Oleg Ursu, Dusica Vidovic, Anna Waller, David Westergaard, Jeremy J. Yang, Gergely Zahoranszky-Kohalmi
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2018)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tudor I. Oprea, Cristian G. Bologa, Soren Brunak, Allen Campbell, Gregory N. Gan, Anna Gaulton, Shawn M. Gomez, Rajarshi Guha, Anne Hersey, Jayme Holmes, Ajit Jadhav, Lars Juhl Jensen, Gary L. Johnson, Anneli Karlson, Andrew R. Leach, Avi Ma'ayan, Anna Malovannaya, Subramani Mani, Stephen L. Mathias, Michael T. McManus, Terrence F. Meehan, Christian von Mering, Daniel Muthas, Dac-Trung Nguyen, John P. Overington, George Papadatos, Jun Qin, Christian Reich, Bryan L. Roth, Stephan C. Schurer, Anton Simeonov, Larry A. Sklar, Noel Southall, Susumu Tomita, Ilinca Tudose, Oleg Ursu, Dusica Vidovic, Anna Waller, David Westergaard, Jeremy J. Yang, Gergely Zahoranszky-Kohalmi
NATURE REVIEWS DRUG DISCOVERY
(2018)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matthew E. Berginski, Nienke Moret, Changchang Liu, Dennis Goldfarb, Peter K. Sorger, Shawn M. Gomez
Summary: Kinases play crucial roles in cell signaling pathways, with known dysfunctions being linked to various pathologies. However, the functions of nearly one-third of kinases remain largely unknown. The Dark Kinase Knowledgebase (DKK) aims to provide data and reagents for these understudied kinases, supporting the broader research community in exploring potentially high-impact druggable targets.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sebastian Mestril, Raehyun Kim, Samuel S. Hinman, Shawn M. Gomez, Nancy L. Allbritton
Summary: The study demonstrated that colonic epithelial cultures enriched for stem/proliferative cells exhibit higher frequency and shorter pulse width of Ca2+ transients, and differentiation leads to a decrease in transient frequency by 50% and an increase in pulse width by 200%. Various metabolites and growth factors can modulate Ca2+ oscillation patterns consistently, while increasing the stiffness of the supportive matrix shifts Ca2+ transient patterns toward those resembling differentiated cells.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kathryn E. Kirchoff, Shawn M. Gomez
Summary: Motivation: Phosphorylation is crucial for cellular signaling, but the specific kinases involved in phosphorylation events are largely unknown. This study presents a deep learning method, EMBER, that integrates kinase phylogenetic information and motif-dissimilarity information to predict kinase-motif phosphorylation events, improving the known map of phosphorylation relationships.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rex E. Jeffries, Shawn M. Gomez, Jeffrey M. Macdonald, Michael P. Gamcsik
Summary: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the metabolism of glutathione in alginate-encapsulated JM-1 hepatoma cells. The results showed that the C-13-labeled glutathione signal provided a high-intensity spectrum, allowing for the monitoring of the detailed kinetics of glutathione metabolism. Additionally, the effects of the thiol alkylating agent on glutathione metabolism were observed, and the regeneration of intracellular glutathione was studied through the restoration of the C-13-glutathione signal and the wash-out of the conjugate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin A. Chen, Matthew E. Berginski, Chirag S. Desai, Jose G. Guillem, Jonathan Stem, Shawn M. Gomez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: This study developed and compared deep neural network (NN) models and logistic regression (LR) models for predicting complications after colectomy, hepatectomy, and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The results showed that machine learning models had a slight advantage over traditional statistical techniques in predicting procedure-specific outcomes, and models that included intra-operative information performed better.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin A. Chen, Chinmaya U. Joisa, Karyn B. Stitzenberg, Jonathan Stem, Jose G. Guillem, Shawn M. Gomez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: Machine learning approaches have shown superiority in predicting readmission after colorectal surgery compared to traditional statistical methods.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin A. Chen, Chinmaya U. Joisa, Jonathan M. Stem, Jose G. Guillem, Shawn M. Gomez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: This study used machine learning techniques to develop a more accurate predictive model for colorectal surgical-site infections. Compared to logistic regression, machine learning showed higher accuracy. These techniques can be used to identify high-risk patients and target preventive interventions for surgical-site infection.
DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Kevin A. Chen, Chinmaya U. Joisa, Jonathan M. Stem, Jose G. Guillem, Shawn M. Gomez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: Machine learning models showed higher accuracy in predicting ureteral injury during colorectal surgery compared to logistic regression and previous models, which can support decision making regarding preoperative ureteral stent placement.
Article
Surgery
Logan R. Butler, Kevin A. Chen, Justin Hsu, Muneera R. Kapadia, Shawn M. Gomez, Timothy M. Farrell
Summary: Machine learning algorithms outperform logistic regression in predicting readmissions following bariatric surgery, offering higher accuracy and discrimination. The application of these models can help identify candidates for early discharge or targeted postdischarge resources.
SURGERY FOR OBESITY AND RELATED DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Matthew Berginski, Chinmaya Joisa, Brian Golitz, Shawn Gomez
Summary: Protein kinases are important in cellular processes, and compounds inhibiting their activity are a focus in targeted therapy development, particularly in cancer. This study combines kinase inhibitor profiles and gene expression data to predict cell viability screening results, achieving high prediction accuracy. The results demonstrate that knowledge of the kinome can predict specific cell phenotypes, and can be integrated into targeted therapy development.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Kevin A. Chen, Kathryn E. Kirchoff, Logan R. Butler, Alexa D. Holloway, Muneera R. Kapadia, Cherie M. Kuzmiak, Stephanie M. Downs-Canner, Phillip M. Spanheimer, Kristalyn K. Gallagher, Shawn M. Gomez
Summary: An artificial intelligence model was developed to predict the pathologic margin status of resected breast tumors using specimen mammography. The model showed high accuracy and potential to guide the extent of resection, improving cosmesis and reducing reoperations.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin A. Chen, Paolo Goffredo, David Hu, Chinmaya U. Joisa, Jose G. Guillem, Shawn M. Gomez, Muneera R. Kapadia
Summary: Machine learning-based models were developed to predict outcomes in anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC), showing higher accuracy compared to logistic regression for locoregional failure. These models may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk ASCC patients after external validation.
JOURNAL OF GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY
(2023)