Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Luke Weisenbach, Paul L. Schechter, Sahil Pontula
Summary: Although microlensing studies offer unique opportunities, their uncertainties and fluctuations can introduce noise to observations. Worst-case estimates can help in deciding whether a thorough examination of microlensing scenarios is necessary.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Tsz-Wing Leung, Roger W. Li, Chea-Su Kee
Summary: This study found that myopic astigmats have better resolution acuity for vertical gratings at central visual field and for tangential orientations at peripheral visual fields. However, simple myopes and emmetropes showed better resolution acuity for the radial orientation in peripheral visual fields.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ziad M. Hafed, Chih-Yang Chen, Xiaoguang Tian, Matthias P. Baumann, Tong Zhang
Summary: The primate superior colliculus plays a crucial role in small eye movements and visual processing, particularly at the foveal scale. It integrates visual and movement signals, regulates eye positioning and microeye movements, while also showing sensitivity enhancement and suppression effects in the periphery.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jonathan S. Reeves, Tomos Proffitt, Lydia Luncz
Summary: The ability to modify the environment through tool transport has been crucial for human evolutionary success, requiring an understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between behavior and the archaeological record. Observing modern primates can provide insights into how tool-use behaviors create material records in specific environmental contexts but reconciling this with the archaeological record presents challenges. Agent-based modeling shows how repeated short-distance transport events can lead to landscape-scale patterning of material culture, illustrating the relationship between tool transport and environmental conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xu Wang, Jiening Yang, Fan Wang, Na Xu, Peixuan Li, Ai Wang
Summary: The study focuses on the transport and dispersion of contaminants in river confluence areas, revealing that inflow conditions greatly influence pollutant diffusion. Higher discharge ratio and width-depth ratio result in increased lateral diffusion area and mixing rate of pollutants, while the concentration difference affects only the concentration in each section.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christian Ries, Tim Rolvien, Frank Timo Beil, Henriette S. Boese, Christoph Kolja Boese
Summary: In total hip arthroplasty and reconstructive orthopedic surgery, pre-operative digital templating is essential for surgical treatment optimization. A novel bi-planar calibration method is described aiming to reduce the error below clinical significance. The method is supposed to be reliable in precisely predicting the hip plane and thereby the calibration factor.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yu-Qi He, Hong-Jian Liao, Wei Wu, Shun Wang
Summary: This paper presents a hypoplastic constitutive model to describe the inherent anisotropy of normally and overconsolidated clays. It introduces a fabric tensor for inherent anisotropy and links the loading direction to the fabric orientation. The model successfully reproduces the behavior of clays with different bedding angles under various loading conditions.
Article
Ophthalmology
Rigmor C. Baraas, Hilde R. Pedersen, Kenneth Knoblauch, Stuart J. Gilson
Summary: This study characterizes the association between foveal shape and cone and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell topographies in healthy humans. The results show a strong relationship between cone and RPE cell spacing and the shape of the human fovea, indicating the critical role of RPE in foveal development.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Q. Legrand, S. Benayoun, S. Valette
Summary: This study investigates the anisotropic wetting on textured surfaces. Three stripe-like textures with different heights were created using three different polymers. The contact angle in all directions was measured using a lab-built goniometer. Two different behaviors, correlated to the wetting state, were observed. The Wenzel state showed strong anisotropy, with the contact angle following a Gaussian evolution. The Cassie-Baxter state, on the other hand, exhibited no anisotropy, with the contact angle remaining constant and close to the predicted value. This study deepens our understanding of droplet anisotropy by linking it to surface textures and chemistry.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anupam Banerjee, Satyaki Saha, Nathan C. Tvedt, Lee-Wei Yang, Ivet Bahar
Summary: Proteins can adopt a range of conformations, known as intrinsic dynamics, which are essential for their biological function. Machine learning frameworks have been proven useful in structural biology, and recent studies highlight the importance of considering intrinsic dynamics for improving predictive ability. Physics-based theories and models, such as elastic network models, offer an efficient way to quantify dynamic attributes and generate data for training machine learning models to infer protein function mechanisms, assess pathogenicity, or estimate binding affinities.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oceanography
Dorleta Orue-Echevarria, Kurt L. Polzin, Alberto Naveira C. Garabato, Alexander Forryan, Josep L. Pelegri
Summary: This study evaluates the rates of isopycnal stirring, water mass transport, and diapycnal mixing across the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) using microstructure and hydrographic measurements. The results show widespread isopycnal stirring and weak diapycnal mixing in the BMC, with isopycnal stirring prevailing in deeper layers. Eddies are found to have an important cross-BMC transport, suggesting that eddy-induced flows significantly contribute to the transfer of waters in the region.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nastassia Grimm, Jaiyul Yoo
Summary: Advances in upcoming weak lensing surveys have posed new challenges for accurate modeling of lensing observables, especially at large angular scales accessible by Euclid. The impact of line-of-sight velocities on lensing magnification, known as the Doppler magnification, has been recognized in literature. General relativistic potential terms slightly enhance the signal in the weak lensing angular power spectra.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Hai Rong, Ping Hu, Liang Ying, Wenbin Hou, Minghua Dai
Summary: The theory of unified visco-plastic damage constitutive equations has been used to model the thermal flow behavior and damage evolution of materials, but the anisotropic properties were often ignored. A novel damage correction formula was proposed in this paper, integrated with a continuum damage model to establish an improved anisotropic damage constitutive model. Material constants were determined based on experimental data for accurate prediction of forming limit curves and hot forming simulations of AA7075 alloy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oceanography
Elena Roget, Josep L. Pelegri, Jesus Planella-Morato, Joan Puigdefabregas, Mikhail Emelianov, Ignasi Valles-Casanova, Dorleta Orue-Echevarria
Summary: Diapycnal mixing in the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence Zone (BMC) was assessed based on microstructure measurements during an April 2017 cruise. Active turbulence was observed at all depths and stations, with high-dissipation patches ranging from several metres to a few tens of metres. The frontal zone showed high energy dissipation and eddy diffusivity, with higher values in the south compared to the north of the BMC.
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Catalina Rodriguez-Martinez, Bethany Elora Higgins, Vijay Tailor-Hamblin, Samantha Malka, Riccardo Cheloni, Alexander Mark Collins, John Bladen, Robert Henderson, Mariya Moosajee
Summary: The CRB1 gene is important for retinal development and maintenance. This study reports the presence of foveal hypoplasia in a cohort of patients with CRB1-related retinopathy, which is associated with poorer visual acuity and abnormal retinal morphology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Paul B. Fitzgerald, Shane Gill, Michael Breakspear, Jayashri Kulkarni, Leo Chen, Saxby Pridmore, Subramanian Purushothaman, Cherrie Galletly, Patrick Clarke, Felicity Ng, Salam Hussain, Suneel Chamoli, Tibi Csizmadia, Patrick Tolan, Luca Cocchi, Samir Ibrahim Oam, Kavitha Shankar, Shanthi Sarma, Michael Lau, Colleen Loo, Tarun Yadav, Kate E. Hoy
Summary: This article discusses the controversy surrounding repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment of depression as addressed in the Royal Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, while also highlighting the strong evidence supporting the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of this treatment method.
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Anton Tokariev, Michael Breakspear, Mari Videman, Susanna Stjerna, Lianne H. Scholtens, Martijn P. van den Heuvel, Luca Cocchi, Sampsa Vanhatalo
Summary: In utero exposure to antiepileptic medication can impact cortical activity during neonatal sleep, with effects differing between drugs. These effects on functional brain networks provide prognostic information for later neurodevelopment. This study offers bedside metrics sensitive to the effects of antiepileptic drugs on postnatal neurodevelopment.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ashleigh E. Smith, Alexandra T. Wade, Timothy Olds, Dorothea Dumuid, Michael J. Breakspear, Kate Laver, Mitchell R. Goldsworthy, Michael C. Ridding, Monica Fabiani, Jillian Dorrian, Montana Hunter, Bryan Paton, Mahmoud Abdolhoseini, Fayeem Aziz, Maddison L. Mellow, Clare Collins, Karen J. Murphy, Gabriele Gratton, Hannah Keage, Ross T. Smith, Frini Karayanidis
Summary: This study aims to explore the associations between time-use and diet compositions with cognition and brain function, and identify optimal time-use behaviors and diet compositions for optimizing cognition and brain function.
Article
Psychiatry
Gloria Roberts, Alistair Perry, Kate Ridgway, Vivian Leung, Megan Campbell, Rhoshel Lenroot, Philip B. Mitchell, Michael Breakspear
Summary: This study explores the structural dysconnections in the brains of patients with bipolar disorder or at high genetic risk, as well as the longitudinal trajectories of these dysconnections during the peak age range of bipolar disorder onset. The findings suggest that the neurodevelopment from adolescence into early adulthood involves a substantial reorganization of structural brain networks, and individuals at high genetic risk of bipolar disorder show weakened connectivity compared to the control group. These results have important implications for understanding resilience and predicting the conversion to bipolar disorder.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Michele Ambrosanio, Rosaria Rucco, Joana Cabral, Leonardo L. Gollo, Michael Breakspear, Fabio Baselice
Summary: This paper proposes a method for estimating phase to phase cross-frequency coupling between brain areas, applied to broadband signals, without any a priori hypothesis about the frequency of the synchronized components. The proposed method, called cross-frequency phase linearity measurement (CF-PLM), utilizes the shape of the interferometric spectrum of the analyzed signals to estimate the strength of cross-frequency coupling. The empirical results demonstrate that the method is effective in estimating n:m synchronization solely based on the phase of the signals, independent of the amplitude, without any a priori hypothesis about the expected frequencies.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
G. Roberts, W. Wen, K. Ridgway, C. Ho, P. Gooch, V Leung, T. Williams, M. Breakspear, P. B. Mitchell
Summary: This study found that individuals with first-degree relatives with bipolar disorder have white matter abnormalities in a key cortico-limbic tract, with this effect being more pronounced in individuals without a mood disorder diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jayson Jeganathan, Megan Campbell, Matthew Hyett, Gordon Parker, Michael Breakspear
Summary: This study uses machine vision and systems modeling to analyze dynamic facial expressions of people viewing emotionally salient film clips. The complexity of these expressions can be captured by a few simple spatiotemporal states, each representing a unique combination of facial actions with a distinct spectral fingerprint. This approach has potential applications in studying affective disorders and related mental illnesses.
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Megan E. J. Campbell, Chase S. Sherwell, Ross Cunnington, Scott Brown, Michael Breakspear
Summary: Dyadic interactions require dynamic correspondence between one's own movements and those of the other agent. This study suggests that the hierarchical Bayesian learning of environmental statistics may underlie response priming during dyadic interactions.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sebastien Naze, Luke J. Hearne, James A. Roberts, Paula Sanz-Leon, Bjorn Burgher, Caitlin Hall, Saurabh Sonkusare, Zoie Nott, Leo Marcus, Emma Savage, Conor Robinson, Ye Ella Tian, Andrew Zalesky, Michael Breakspear, Luca Cocchi
Summary: The diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with changes in frontostriatal resting-state connectivity. This study replicates and advances previous findings on these changes by using neuroimaging and computational modelling. Participants with OCD showed increased connectivity between the nucleus accumbens and the orbitofrontal cortex, and reduced connectivity between the dorsal putamen and lateral prefrontal cortex. These functional deregulations provide insights into the neural underpinnings of OCD and inform the development of targeted therapies.
Article
Psychiatry
Nikitas C. Koussis, Bjorn Burgher, Jayson Jeganathan, James G. Scott, Luca Cocchi, Michael Breakspear
Summary: Impairments in emotion expression, experience, and recognition are common in early psychosis. This study investigated the role of the cognitive control system (CCS) in emotional deficits in early psychosis using the affective go/no-go task and computational modeling. Results showed that individuals with early psychosis exhibited higher brain activity in the right posterior insula during inhibitory control of fearful faces. Increased top-down connectivity between regions in the CCS and visual input regions was associated with negative symptoms in the early psychosis cohort. These findings suggest potential targets for remediation of emotional deficits in young persons with early psychosis.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Bjorn Burgher, James Scott, Luca Cocchi, Michael Breakspear
Summary: The mixed cognitive outcomes in early psychosis have implications for recovery. In this longitudinal study, the researchers investigated whether baseline differences in the cognitive control system in early psychosis participants would normalize over time. They found that activation of the left superior parietal cortex normalized over time, coinciding with improvements in reaction time and social-occupational functioning. The researchers also discovered changes in effective connectivity between regions underlying the task execution, suggesting a shift towards more direct processing in early psychosis participants.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Substance Abuse
Amanda L. Brown, Madeleine Hinwood, Erin Campbell, Carlin Chen, Christopher V. Dayas, Adrian J. Dunlop, Buddhima Lokuge, Tarun Yadav, Saadallah Ramadan, Shiami Luchow, Michael Breakspear, Bryan Paton
DRUG AND ALCOHOL REVIEW
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Psychiatry
J. Jeganathan, M. Campbell, M. Breakspear
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Psychiatry
B. Burgher, N. Koussis, G. Whybird, L. Cocchi, J. G. Scott, M. Breakspear
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Psychiatry
B. Burgher, G. Whybird, N. Koussis, J. G. Scott, L. Cocchi, M. Breakspear
AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)