Robust Two-Qubit Gates for Donors in Silicon Controlled by Hyperfine Interactions

We present two strategies for performing two-qubit operations on the electron spins of an exchange-coupled pair of donors in silicon, using the ability to set the donor nuclear spins in arbitrary states. The effective magnetic detuning of the two electron qubits is provided by the hyperfine interaction when the two nuclei are prepared in opposite spin states. This can be exploited to switch SWAP operations on and off with modest tuning of the electron exchange interaction. Furthermore, the hyperfine detuning enables high-fidelity conditional rotation gates based on selective resonant excitation. The latter requires no dynamic tuning of the exchange interaction at all and offers a very attractive scheme to implement two-qubit logic gates under realistic experimental conditions.