Article
Physiology
Qingmei Wang, Junwei Qian, Haoran Pan, Qianqian Ju
Summary: Background: Recent studies have shown a decline in students' fitness levels, which is important for their overall health and academic performance. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between body composition and upper limb physical fitness in Chinese students and identify the factors contributing to low physical fitness levels. The results showed an increase in male students' Body-Mass-Index (BMI) and a decrease in upper limb physical fitness. Body composition was found to be a predictor of upper limb physical fitness, and students with better body composition had higher grip strength, drape height, and anaerobic power.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Emma M. Kileel, Carlos D. Malvestutto, Janet Lo, Kathleen Fitch, Carl J. Fichtenbaum, Judith A. Aberg, Markella Zanni, Esteban Martinez, Nwora Lance Okeke, Princy Kumar, Esau Joao, Sara H. Bares, Daniel Berrner, Marek Smieja, Jhoanna C. Roa, Sara McCallum, Pamela S. Douglas, Heather J. Ribaudo, Steven K. Grinspoon
Summary: Over a 2-year follow-up period, the use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) was associated with weight gain among patients who had been using INSTIs for less than 2 years at the start of the study (+0.27 kg/m(2)/year; 95% CI, .22 to .33), but not among those who had been using INSTIs for more than 2 years. The difference in weight gain between the two groups was statistically significant (P = .01).
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jingyi Wang, Yingying Cai, Xiaohe Ren, Bin Ma, Ou Chen
Summary: This study used longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and self-rated health (SRH) among middle-aged and older individuals. The findings suggest that obesity may be associated with better SRH, and this association varies by gender and other factors.
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michal Czapla, Adrian Kwasny, Malgorzata Sloma-Krzeslak, Raul Juarez-Vela, Piotr Karniej, Sara Janczak, Aleksander Mickiewicz, Bartosz Uchmanowicz, Stanislaw Zielinski, Marzena Zielinska
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether there are sex differences in the prognostic impact of BMI on in-hospital mortality in sudden cardiac arrest survivors. The results showed that BMI is not a predictor of in-hospital death in either male or female patients.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marco La Marra, Ciro Rosario Ilardi, Ines Villano, Rita Polito, Maria Raffella Sibillo, Marina Franchetti, Angela Caggiano, Francesca Strangio, Giovanni Messina, Vincenzo Monda, Girolamo Di Maio, Antonietta Messina
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between obesity, executive functions, and body image in a nonclinical population from southern Italy. The results suggest that better executive functioning predicts a decrease in BMI, partially due to a reduction in avoidance behaviors.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anna Faldt, Sahar Nejat, Sofia Edvinsson Sollander, Natalie Durbeej, Anton Holmgren
Summary: A study found that overweight and obesity increased among 3- and 4-year-old children in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was especially pronounced in children attending child health centers in lower socioeconomic areas. It highlights the need for efforts to prevent childhood obesity, particularly in disadvantaged areas, due to the potential negative impact of the pandemic on health behaviors in Swedish preschool children.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Joo Hyun Kim, Kelly K. Bost
Summary: This study examined the association between the quality of early parent-child relationship and adolescent obesity risk, as well as the mediating role of self-regulation and (un)healthful food consumption. The findings suggest that child self-regulation mediates the associations between the quality of parent-child relationship and both unhealthy food consumption and higher adolescent BMI status.
Article
Pediatrics
Dan Lin, Di-di Chen, Jun Huang, Yun Li, Xiao-sa Wen, Hui-jing Shi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the timing of adiposity peak (AP) or adiposity rebound (AR) and the risk of overweight or obesity in school-age children, as well as explore the role of health behaviors. The results showed that children with a late AP or an early AR were at a higher risk of overweight. Additionally, high physical activity level and limited screen time were associated with a decreased risk of overweight or obesity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shiqi Yuan, Wentao Wu, Wen Ma, Xiaxuan Huang, Tao Huang, Min Peng, Anding Xu, Jun Lyu
Summary: This study found a nonlinear relationship between BMI and AD risk in participants aged 60 years or older, with lower BMI being associated with higher AD risk and higher BMI being associated with lower AD risk. Participants with high genetic risk for AD and low BMI were associated with the highest AD risk. In addition, a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a reverse causality between BMI and AD.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samantha E. Day, Michael Traurig, Pankaj Kumar, Paolo Piaggi, Cigdem Koroglu, Sayuko Kobes, Robert L. Hanson, Clifton Bogardus, Leslie J. Baier
Summary: This study identified a variant in the CYB5A gene that is enriched in Southwest American Indian individuals and associated with increased BMI. Functional analysis showed that this variant decreased luciferase expression and correlated with decreased skeletal muscle CYB5A expression. Another haplotype including this variant was found mainly in SWAI individuals and associated with increased BMI and decreased CYB5A expression, while the most common haplotype in other ethnic groups was associated with lower BMI and higher energy expenditure.
Article
Sport Sciences
Jiyeon Yoon, Hoyong Sung, Eun-Young Lee, Geonhui Kim, Harim Choe, Justin Jeon, Yeon Soo Kim
Summary: This study examined the PA levels of adolescents and their parents in South Korea. The results showed that only 11.54% of adolescents and 23.09% of parents complied with the PA guidelines. Parents who adhered to the guidelines were more likely to have a child who also complied. Therefore, promoting PA among adolescents should involve targeting families in South Korea.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ji Young Kang, Kyungdo Han, Mee Kyoung Kim
Summary: There is a known association between underweight and non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). This study found that as the severity of underweight increased, the risk of NTM-PD also increased proportionally.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuta Suzuki, Hidehiro Kaneko, Yuichiro Yano, Akira Okada, Yohei Hashimoto, Hidetaka Itoh, Satoshi Matsuoka, Isao Yokota, Katsuhito Fujiu, Nobuaki Michihata, Taisuke Jo, Norifumi Takeda, Hiroyuki Morita, Kentaro Kamiya, Atsuhiko Matsunaga, Junya Ako, Koichi Node, Hideo Yasunaga, Issei Komuro
Summary: This study aimed to identify the BMI threshold for preventing hypertension and investigate the influence of BMI changes on hypertension development. The results showed that the risk of developing hypertension increased significantly when baseline BMI exceeded 20, and the annual change in BMI was positively correlated with hypertension development. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining body weight in preventing hypertension.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julianna Bailey, Stefanie Krick, Kevin R. Fontaine
Summary: This article reviews the prevalence and impact of overweight and obesity in cystic fibrosis patients, as well as the existing treatment evidence. It emphasizes the importance of personalized interdisciplinary approaches and calls for further research on optimal strategies for addressing overweight and obesity in this population.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Dongjin Seo, Han Sang Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Yu Rang Park
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of initial status and trajectories of muscle and BMI on overall survival in colorectal cancer patients. The results indicated that the trajectories of muscle and BMI were related to overall survival, and increasing muscle mass was associated with better survival. Therefore, the changes in muscle and BMI can serve as important indicators for predicting survival in colorectal cancer patients.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kelsey A. Vercammen, Alyssa J. Moran, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Amanda C. McClain, Lindsay R. Pool, Catarina Kiefe, April P. Carson, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Lyn M. Steffen, Matthew M. Lee, Jessica G. Young, Eric B. Rimm
Summary: The study found that food insufficiency is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, especially more pronounced in women. These results emphasize the potential benefit of intervening in food insecurity to reduce future cardiovascular disease risk. Replication of these findings in other settings and populations is recommended.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jessica Andino, Jennifer Park-Mroch, Shelby L. Francis, Amy M. J. O'Shea, Bery Engebretsen, Sarai Rice, Helena H. Laroche
Summary: This study aims to help children in low-income families with obese parents change lifestyle behaviors and prevent further weight gain through a combination of motivational interviewing and community connection. The study follows community-based participatory research principles and includes a randomized controlled trial of low-income families, collecting data on questionnaires, body measurements, and accelerometer data.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Venkatesh L. Murthy, Matthew Nayor, Mercedes Carnethon, Jared P. Reis, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Norrina B. Allen, Robert Kitchen, Paolo Piaggi, Lyn M. Steffen, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Jane E. Freedman, Clary B. Clish, Ravi Shah
Summary: This study identified metabolic abnormalities in young adulthood that are associated with heightened risk of diabetes, independent of traditional risk factors, and these signatures replicate across the life course.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuni Choi, Daniel D. Gallaher, Karianne Svendsen, Katie A. Meyer, Lyn M. Steffen, Pamela J. Schreiner, James M. Shikany, Jamal S. Rana, Daniel A. Duprez, David R. Jacobs Jr
Summary: This study compares the effects of nutrient-based and food-based diets on the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. The results show that a plant-centered diet and a blood cholesterol-lowering diet are associated with a lower risk of these cardiovascular diseases. The findings support the shift in dietary recommendations for cardiovascular prevention.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Queenie Chan, Gina M. Wren, Chung-Ho E. Lau, Timothy M. D. Ebbels, Rachel Gibson, Ruey Leng Loo, Ghadeer S. Aljuraiban, Joram M. Posma, Alan R. Dyer, Lyn M. Steffen, Beatriz L. Rodriguez, Lawrence J. Appel, Martha L. Daviglus, Paul Elliott, Jeremiah Stamler, Elaine Holmes, Linda Van Horn
Summary: Adherence to the DASH diet is associated with lower blood pressure and increased potassium intake. The DASH diet recommends consuming more fruits, vegetables, and potassium-rich foods to replace sodium-rich processed foods and influence blood pressure through metabolic pathways.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kathleen M. Robinson, Mark Vander Weg, Helena H. Laroche, Margaret Carrel, Jason Wachsmuth, Krista Kazembe, Mary Vaughan Sarrazin
Summary: Rural veterans have lower participation rates in the VA weight management program and use less anti-obesity medication compared to urban veterans.
OBESITY SCIENCE & PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Laurie L. Fajardo, Stephen L. Hillis, Bin Zheng, Molly Donovan Wong, Muhammad U. Ghani, Farid H. Omoumi, Yuhua Li, Peter Jenkins, Michael E. Peterson, Xizeng Wu, Hong Liu
Summary: This pilot study compared the performance of a phase-sensitive breast tomosynthesis (PBT) system with a conventional digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) system. The results showed that the PBT system had a 24% lower radiation dose compared with the DBT system, but with lower image quality. The diagnostic performance of the PBT system remains to be determined in larger studies.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ravi Shah, Lyn M. Steffen, Matthew Nayor, Jared P. Reis, David R. Jacobs Jr, Norrina B. Allen, Donald Lloyd-Jones, Katie Meyer, Joanne Cole, Paolo Piaggi, Ramachandran S. Vasan, Clary B. Clish, Venkatesh L. Murthy
Summary: Metabolite signatures of diet are associated with long-term CM-CVD independent of lifestyle and traditional risk factors. Metabolomics improves precision to identify adverse consequences and pathways of diet-related CM-CVD.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Umber Shafique, Stephen L. Hillis, Jinha M. Park, David M. Kuehn, Maheen Rajput
Summary: This study aims to prove that providing relevant clinical history in a specific space in an electronic medical record (EMR) can significantly reduce the time it takes for radiologists to look up the same information. By adding a space labeled Specialty Comments to the patient's chart in the EMR, the study found that having a boxed history available resulted in a statistically significant decrease in the time spent by radiologists to search for clinical history.
JOURNAL OF DIGITAL IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Brian T. Steffen, David R. Jacobs, So-Yun Yi, Simon J. Lees, James M. Shikany, James G. Terry, Cora E. Lewis, John J. Carr, Xia Zhou, Lyn M. Steffen
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether long-term intake of artificial sweeteners and diet beverages is associated with higher fat deposition and risk of obesity. The results showed that long-term intake of sweeteners and diet beverages was associated with increased fat deposition, weight gain, and higher risk of obesity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Karla N. Kendrick, Hyunju Kim, Casey M. Rebholz, Elizabeth Selvin, Lyn M. Steffen, Stephen P. Juraschek
Summary: The type of plant-based diet may affect the risk of hospitalization with respiratory infections or any infection. A healthy plant-based diet and a higher plant-based diet index were associated with a lower risk of hospitalization for respiratory infections and any infections, while an unhealthy plant-based diet showed no significant associations with hospitalization risk.
Article
Biology
Chaojie Yang, Jenna Veenstra, Traci M. Bartz, Matthew C. Pahl, Brian Hallmark, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Jason Westra, Lyn M. Steffen, Christopher D. Brown, David Siscovick, Michael Y. Tsai, Alexis C. Wood, Stephen S. Rich, Caren E. Smith, Timothy D. O'Connor, Dariush Mozaffarian, Struan F. A. Grant, Floyd H. Chilton, Nathan L. Tintle, Rozenn N. Lemaitre, Ani Manichaikul
Summary: A genome-wide association study of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in Hispanic American and African American participants confirmed the genetic signals near the FADS locus and identified two additional signals within 200 kb. Novel signals for arachidonic acid were also found in Hispanic Americans, including a missense variant in the POLD4 gene that is unique to this population.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Masoud Isanejad, Lyn M. Steffen, James G. Terry, James M. Shikany, Xia Zhou, David R. Jacobs Jr, John Jeffrey Carr, Brian T. Steffen
Summary: Improving diet quality may contribute to better body composition. This study found that healthier food choices may influence body composition.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Brian J. Smith, Stephen L. Hillis
Summary: A common study design for comparing the performances of diagnostic imaging tests is to obtain ratings from multiple readers of multiple cases whose true statuses are known. The researchers present a new MATLAB MRMCaov toolbox that allows for multi-reader multi-case comparisons of two or more diagnostic tests. The toolbox provides statistical comparison of reader performance metrics and supports various study designs and statistical estimation methods.
MEDICAL IMAGING 2022: IMAGE PERCEPTION, OBSERVER PERFORMANCE, AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Helena H. Laroche, Jennifer Park-Mroch, Amy O'Shea, Sarai Rice, Yolanda Cintron, Bery Engebretsen
Summary: This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention for low-income families with one parent with obesity, glucose intolerance and/or diabetes. The findings suggest that the intervention was feasible in terms of recruitment and conducting family sessions and community referrals, but maintaining contact with participants was challenging.
SAGE OPEN MEDICINE
(2022)